Search

Introduction: Bone invasion is an important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma, leading to a lower survival rate and the use of aggressive treatment approaches. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is possibly involved in this process, because it is often related to mechanisms of cell motility and invasiveness. This study examined whether a panel of epithelial-mesenchymal markers are present in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma with bone invasion and whether these proteins have any relationship with patients’ clinical-pathological parameters and prognostic factors. Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of E-cadherin, twist, vimentin, TGFβ1, and periostin was performed in paraffin-embedded samples of 62 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases. Results: The analysis revealed that most cases (66%) presented with a dominant tumor infiltrative pattern in bone tissue, associated with lower survival rates, when compared with cases with a dominant erosive invasion pattern (P = 0.048). Twenty-seven cases (43%) expressed markers that were compatible with total or partial EMT at the tumor-bone interface. There was no association between evidence of total or partial EMT and other demographic or prognostic features. E-cadherin-positive cases were associated with tobacco smoking (P = 0.022); vimentin-positive cases correlated with tumors under 4 cm (P = 0.043). Twistexpression was observed in tumors with a dominant infiltrative pattern (P = 0.041) and was associated with the absence of periostin (P = 0.031). Conclusion: We observed evidence of total or partial EMT in oral squamous cell carcinoma bone invasion. The transcription factor twist appears to be involved in bone invasion and disease progression.

Background: Prostate cancer presents with soft tissue progression (STP) is highly aggressive. We analyzed the risk factor for STP in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who developed abiraterone acetate (AA) resistance., Methods: This retrospective study included patients with mCRPC who received AA between February 2018 and July 2022. STP was defined as recurrent lesions in situ, multiple regional lymph node metastases (mLNM), or visceral metastases. Clinical features of patients with STP were analyzed, and risk factors for STP were further investigated., Results: Sixty-three patients (mean age, 75.0 years; median follow-up time, 22.3 months) were included in this study. Twenty-three patients (36.5%) presented STP during follow up, the overall survival (OS) after STP was 4.6 months. The serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were significantly elevated in patients with STP. Biopsies for 8 patients with STP showed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC, n = 5) was the major pathological types. Further analysis showed that perineural invasion (PNI) in primary tumor were the independent risk factors (HR = 3.145, P = 0.020) for STP, and PNI was related to the aggressiveness of tumor. Patients with PNI showed shorter castration-resistant progression free survival (median, 23.73 months vs. 25.59 months) and STP progression free survival (median, 19.7 months vs. not reached) compared with patients without PNI., Conclusions: STP showed extremely poor prognoses in patients with mCRPC after AA resistance, NEPC is the main pathological type of STP, and PNI in primary tumor was an independent risk factor for STP and indicated poor prognosis of prostate cancer., Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest to this work., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Bone invasion is an important prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma, leading to a lower survival rate and the use of aggressive treatment approaches. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is possibly involved in this process, because it is often related to mechanisms of cell motility and invasiveness. This study examined whether a panel of epithelial-mesenchymal markers are present in cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma with bone invasion and whether these proteins have any relationship with patients' clinical-pathological parameters and prognostic factors., Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of E-cadherin, twist , vimentin, TGFβ1, and periostin was performed in paraffin-embedded samples of 62 oral squamous cell carcinoma cases., Results: The analysis revealed that most cases (66%) presented with a dominant tumor infiltrative pattern in bone tissue, associated with lower survival rates, when compared with cases with a dominant erosive invasion pattern (P = 0.048). Twenty-seven cases (43%) expressed markers that were compatible with total or partial EMT at the tumor-bone interface. There was no association between evidence of total or partial EMT and other demographic or prognostic features. E-cadherin-positive cases were associated with tobacco smoking (P = 0.022); vimentin-positive cases correlated with tumors under 4 cm (P = 0.043). Twist expression was observed in tumors with a dominant infiltrative pattern (P = 0.041) and was associated with the absence of periostin (P = 0.031)., Conclusion: We observed evidence of total or partial EMT in oral squamous cell carcinoma bone invasion. The transcription factor twist appears to be involved in bone invasion and disease progression., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Background: Vesical Imaging Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) is a useful tool for evaluating muscle layer invasion of bladder cancer (BCa) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)., Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of bladder MRI to detect the muscle layer invasion of BCa using VI-RADS score and quantitative MRI parameters., Methods: Preoperative bladder MRI was performed in 73 BCa patients. Two observers independently evaluated the MR blinded to histopathological data and classified the tumors according to VI-RADS criteria. Moreover, the quantitative parameters (maximum tumor diameter; Dmax, tumor contact length; TCL, and tumor apparent diffusion coefficient; ADC values) were independently measured by observers. The diagnostic performance of the VI-RADS score and quantitative values were evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Interobserver agreement was evaluated using the weighted-kappa coefficient (κ)., Results: For the VI-RADS score, the AUC (area under the curve) was 0.968 and accuracy was 90.4% for Observer 1, and AUC was 0.953, accuracy was 89% for Observer 2. The AUC of TCL, TCL/DMax, and ADC values was 0.918, 0.675, and 0.832. In patients with a VI-RADS score ≥ 3, when a threshold value of TCL > 19.5 mm is used as complementary to the VI-RADS score, the accuracy of MRI for Observer-1 increases 100% and 97.26% for Observer-2. There was a good-excellent agreement between the observers in assessing the VI-RADS scores and quantitative parameters., Conclusion: Evaluation of bladder MRI using both VI-RADS criteria and TCL is successful and highly reproducible for detecting muscle layer invasion in patients with BCa., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To describe differences in cancer stem cell (CSC) presence and behavior associated with their intratumor compartment of origin using a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC)., Materials and Methods: Four HPV-negative OCSCC PDX cases were selected (CUHN004, CUHN013, CUHN096, CUHN111) and the percentage of CSCs (ALDH + CD44 high ) was measured in the tumor Leading Edge (LE) and Core compartments of each PDX tumor case via fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). The fraction of cells in the proliferative phase was measured by Ki-67 labelling index of paraffin embedded tissue. The proliferation and invasion of LE versus Core CSCs were compared using sphere and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively., Results: Both CUHN111 and CUHN004 demonstrate CSC enrichment in their LE compartments while CUHN013 and CUHN096 show no intratumor difference. Cases with LE CSC enrichment demonstrate greater Ki-67 labelling at the LE. CSC proliferative potential, assessed by sphere formation, reveals greater sphere formation in CUHN111 LE CSCs, but no difference between CUHN013 LE and Core CSCs. CUHN111 CSCs do not demonstrate an intratumor difference in invasiveness while CUHN013 LE CSCs are more invasive than Core CSCs., Conclusion: A discrete intratumor CSC niche is present in a subset of OCSCC PDX tumors. The CSC functional phenotype with regard to proliferation and invasion is associated with the intratumor compartment of origin of the CSC: LE or Core. These individual functional characteristics appear to be modulated independently of one another and independently of the presence of an intratumor CSC niche., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To determine if there is a critical depth of invasion that predicts micrometastasis in early oral tongue cancer., Methods: Retrospective series identifying patients undergoing primary surgical resection of T1 or T2 oral tongue cancer who elected against neck treatment between 2000 and 2015. Cox proportional-hazard model compared the relative hazard and cumulative incidence of recurrence to depth of invasion. The model used a 2 parameter quadratic effect for depth that was chosen based on Akaike's information criterion., Results: Ninety-three patients were identified with T1 or T2 oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and clinically N0 neck undergoing glossectomy without elective neck treatment. 61% were male and median age was 60 years. Median follow up was 45 months, and 76 patients had at least two years of follow up. Thirty-six of 76 patients recurred (47.4%), with 15 recurring in the oral cavity (19.7%) and 21 developing nodal metastasis (27.6%). Cox proportional-hazards quadratic polynomial showed increasing hazard of recurrence with depth of invasion and the cumulative incidence increased sharply within the range of data from 2 to 6 mm depth of invasion., Conclusions: Depth of invasion is significantly associated with nodal metastasis and has been added to the 8th AJCC staging guidelines. Variable depths of invasion have been associated with regional metastasis; however, there is likely not a critical depth that predicts neck recurrence due to progressive hazards and cumulative risk of occult metastasis. The risk of regional metastasis is likely much greater than previously believed and increases progressively with increasing depth., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)