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The in vivo biodegradation of the diazo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilised on cubes of nylon sponge and on sunflower-seed shells (SS) in laboratory-scale bioreactors was investigated. The SS cultivation led to the best results with a decolouration percentage of 90.3% in 72 h for an initial RB5 concentration of 100 mg/L. It was found that the addition of 0.4 mM veratryl alcohol (VA) into the medium considerably increased the decolouration rate in SS cultivation. However, the addition of VA had no effect in the nylon cultivation. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) revealed that RB5 was transformed into one metabolite after 24 h. UV-vis spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) also confirmed the biodegradation of RB5. Toxicity of RB5 solutions before and after fungal treatment was assayed using Sinorhizobium meliloti as a sensitive soil microorganism. P. chrysosporium transformed the toxic dye RB5 into a non-toxic product., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this study, the effects of different wavelengths of light (UV, blue, green, yellow, red) and white light on lignin peroxidase (LiP), protein, biomass and exo-polysaccharide production and glucose uptake by Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 were determined. The experiments were conducted under aerated (CS) and oxygenated (RS) culture conditions. The results showed that only green light significantly increased maximum LiP production (by 20% and 27% in CS and RS cultures respectively). Green light also increased biomass production in oxygenated cultures (RS). Blue and UV light both significantly reduced maximum LiP activity. Yellow, red and white lights had mixed effects on culture properties. This is the first time that the effects of different wavelengths of light on lignin peroxidase production and other culture properties have been investigated. The novel findings may be important in improving the yield of lignin modifying enzymes for biomass conversion processes and understanding their regulation., (2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Two strains isolated from the organic layers of forests on Zijin Mountain have indicated a strong capability of decolorization for Orange G on the solid plates. They were identified as Phanerochaete sordida and Tyromyces lauteus according to phenotypic and molecular techniques. Through this study, we try to find the suitable condition and cheapest way for decolorization by two strains. The result shows that malt extract and ammonium sulfate are the best N source for P. sordida and T. lauteus, respectively; 0.95 g per L glucose + 0.05 g per L ethonal are the best C source both for P. sordida and T. lauteus. Oxalate plays an important role as the organic acid chelator which can also enhance the decolorized capability of fungi.