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Objectives: Professional sporting organisations (PSOs) are well-positioned to promote health through their reach and standing within communities. However, the health promotion (HP) priority areas of interest of PSOs are unknown. The objectives of this study were to: identify HP priority areas amongst Australian PSOs and explore the development, implementation, and evaluation of HP programming within the identified priority areas., Design: Delphi procedure with qualitative interviews., Methods: Participants were community-focussed employees from PSOs across Australia. To identify HP priory areas, three rounds of surveys were used in a Delphi procedure. Participants were then invited to participate in semi-structured interviews focussed on the development, implementation, and evaluation of HP programmes., Results: Of the 103 community employees invited to participate in the Delphi, 28 participated in at least one round and 16 completed all rounds. Overall, HP priorities fell under five main areas: access/participation in sport; general HP; physical activity promotion; community, culture, and inclusion; and support for HP initiatives. Eleven interviews were conducted, and central themes included needing support with programme design and evaluation, and the need to build employee capacity and greater inter-organisational collaboration., Conclusions: This study determined HP priority areas amongst PSOs using a consensus-generating approach. Interview findings demonstrated that community-focussed employees are committed to delivering HP programmes, but encounter difficulty with funding, employee capacity, and programme design and evaluation expertise. The findings from these interviews reveal potential avenues of collaboration between organisations that can provide expertise in design and evaluation and sporting organisations for HP programming., Competing Interests: Declaration of interest statement None., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to test whether coaches' physical activity levels, contextual variables, and coaches' behavioural variables mediated the effect of an intervention on female basketball players' moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and inactivity in an organised youth sport (OYS) setting., Design: Randomised controlled trial, Methods: Data for the current study were derived from a two-armed, parallel-group randomised controlled trial. This study ran over the course of a 5-day OYS basketball program in 2 sports centres in Sydney, Australia. A convenience sample of 76 female players and 8 coaches were recruited. Coaches allocated to the intervention condition attended 2 coach education sessions, where strategies to increase MVPA and decrease inactivity were taught., Results: There was a significant effect between changes in coach MVPA and player MVPA (unstandardised regression coefficient [B] = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.38) which coincided with a significant indirect effect (B = 1.80, 95% CI = 0.85 to 2.85). There was also a significant effect between changes in coach inactivity and player inactivity (B = -0.23, 95% CI = -0.14 to -0.31), which coincided with a significant indirect effect (B = -3.20, 95% CI = -0.14 to -0.31). No significant indirect effects were found for lesson context and coaches' behaviours variables., Conclusions: Coaches' MVPA and inactivity significantly mediated the effect of the intervention on player MVPA and inactivity, respectively. Consequently, coaches' physical activity levels appear to be important for influencing their players' physical activity levels., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Objectives: To evaluate the short-term efficacy of coach education on basketball players' physical activity (PA) intensity during practices. Intervention effects on players' motivation were also investigated., Design: Randomized controlled trial., Methods: This study took place over the course of a 5-day organized youth sport (OYS) basketball program in 2 sports centres in Greater Western Sydney, Australia (September, 2013). A convenience sample of 76 players and 8 coaches were recruited. Players were girls aged 9 to 12 years. Following the first 2 days of the basketball program, coaches allocated into the intervention condition attended 2 coach education sessions where strategies to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and decrease inactivity were discussed. Each coach education session lasted approximately 2h., Results: Compared to the control group, players in the intervention group spent a significantly higher proportion of practice time in MVPA (mean difference [MD]=14.6%; standard error [SE]=2.2%), vigorous PA (VPA; MD=12.6%; SE=1.9%), moderate PA (MD=2.0%; SE=0.5%) and a significantly lower proportion of practice time inactive (MD=-14.5%; SE=2.3%) from baseline to follow-up. There were no significant changes in motivation from baseline to follow-up in either group., Conclusions: Brief coach education sessions can increase MVPA and decrease inactivity without deleterious effects on players' motivation. Also, substantial increases in VPA were found, which is an important finding because VPA has been associated with health benefits, over and above benefits accrued from lower-intensity activity., (Copyright © 2015 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: There is no empirical research on alcohol-related aggression and antisocial behaviour in non-US collegiate athletes. The present study addressed this gap by examining these behaviours in Australian university sportspeople., Design: Cross-sectional., Methods: University sportspeople and non-sportspeople completed questionnaires on alcohol consumption, aggressive and antisocial behaviours (e.g., abused, hit or assaulted someone, made unwanted sexual advance, damaged property) when intoxicated. Participants also reported whether they had been the victim of similar aggressive or antisocial behaviours. Demographic data and known confounders were collected., Results: Hierarchical logistic regression models accounting for confounders and alcohol consumption scores found that university sportspeople were significantly more likely than non-sportspeople to have displayed aggressive behaviour (i.e., insulted or assaulted someone; OR 1.65, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.28, p=.003), and damaged property (OR 1.98, 95% CI: 1.38, 2.84, p<.0005) in the past year when intoxicated. Sportspeople were no more likely to have received aggression, had property damaged due to others intoxication (OR 1.21, 95% CI: .90, 1.62, p=.20; and OR 1.10, 95% CI: .79, 1.53, p=.57, respectively), or to have made unwanted sexual advances (OR 1.10, 95% CI: .65, 1.83, p=.74). Sportspeople were less likely to have reported being sexually assaulted when intoxicated (OR .44, 95% CI: .23, .83, p<.01)., Conclusions: Consistent with work from the US alcohol-related aggressive and antisocial behaviours were greater in male Australian university sportspeople/athletes than in their female and non-sporting counterparts. There is a need for research explicating the interaction between alcohol, contextual and cultural aspects of sport, and sport participants., (Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Some large-scale child physical activity campaigns have focused on the concept of responsibility, however, there are no measures which establish a link between responsible behavior and physical activity levels. To provide the basis of information required for the development of relevant measurement tools, this study examined the meaning of personal, parental, and third party responsibility for children's physical activity. Eight focus groups, comprising children aged 11-12 yrs, their parents, and teachers from two upper primary schools in Auckland, New Zealand, were conducted. Children (four groups; n=32), their parents (two groups; n=13), and teachers (two groups; n=15) were separated by socio-economic status, and children also by gender. The transcripts from the focus group interviews were then analysed using thematic induction methodology. Across the groups, participants commonly identified a number of behaviors that they felt were indicative of personal, parental, and third party responsibility for children's physical activity. These behaviors formed natural groups with common themes (e.g., self-management, safety), which in most cases were not impacted on by socio-economic status or gender. Responsibility was therefore found to be a concept that could be related to children's physical activity. It was suggested that these behaviors could be used as a starting point in understanding the relationship between responsibility and physical activity, and to assist with the development of measurement tools assessing the relationship between responsibility and levels of physical activity in the future. In turn, this may lead to the development of more targeted messages for large-scale physical activity campaigns., (Copyright (c) 2009 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The school day provides youth several opportunistic time periods to be active. How active youth are during these time periods or whether they engage in physical activity across multiple time periods is not well established. A cross-sectional sample of 12-18-year-old students (n=3471) were recruited from low socioeconomic status high schools within South Auckland, New Zealand. Participants reported their physical activity during lunchtime, morning recess, and after school, as well as their level of active transportation to and from school. For each physical activity opportunity participants were dichotomised as being either "more active" or "less active". Height, weight, and waist circumference measurements were also collected for each participant. Data were analysed using binary logistic regression to understand demographic associations and with kappa coefficient calculations to examine level of association in participation levels between different time periods. The percentage of students considered 'more active' depended on the physical activity variable of interest (after-school, 56.3%; active transportation, 58.1%; morning recess, 26.4%; lunchtime recess, 32.4%). Only 11.1% of participants were classified as 'more active' across all four physical activity opportunities. Substantial agreement (kappa=.68) was only observed in participation levels at lunchtime and morning recess. At-risk groups for lower physical activity were female students, senior students, and students of Asian/Other descent. During a school day multiple opportunistic time periods exist for youth to be active, yet a large proportion of students are not as active as they could be with few youth engaging in physical activity across various segments of the school day.

Yamax SW-200 pedometer validity during unstructured free play was assessed in 13 preschool children aged 4.1+/-0.6 years using the Children's Activity Rating Scale (CARS). Pedometer validity and hip placement reliability were also assessed during straight line walking. Data were analysed using regression analyses, 95% upper and lower prediction intervals and 95% limits of agreement. The prediction intervals for pedometry were wide when using the CARS as a criterion. Limits of agreement and prediction intervals for directly observed step counts were also wide for pedometers, calling into question their acceptability for use with preschoolers. Limitations of employing the CARS direct observation approach as a criterion measure of physical activity are also discussed.