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In this paper, an improved hybrid MADM method based on interval Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) and interval regret theory are put forward to evaluate five renewable energy alternatives for Fujian province, China. Firstly, the volatility of the evaluation information and the subjectivity of experts or stakeholders are taken into account. Second, political factors are further considered based on existing research. Third, the influence of the subjective initiative of decision makers on the decision result has been paid attention to. Furthermore, the result of the analysis shows that the extended regret theory method should set different parameters to reflect the preferences of decision makers. The ranking results of renewable energy are different with different parameter settings. For example, when α = 0.1 , δ = 0.1 , the priority of clean energy in Fujian Province is hydropower, followed by wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, and biomass energy. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the model possesses good serviceability. Based on considering different parameter settings, the Fujian government should invest, in order of priority, in these renewable energy sources to obtain benefits. And the projects related to these renewable energy sources should be evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial distribution of biomass resources is not uniform. At present, the zoning of biomass energy development suitability is primarily based on resource potential, whereas energy demand is ignored as an important factor affecting the degree of local energy self-sufficiency. Under the constraints of high transportation costs, solar energy with low geographical constraints can be a supplementary energy source for biomass despite its instability. Based on the energy utilization potential of solar energy and biomass resources, this paper evaluates the energy surplus factor (ratio of renewable resource potential to energy demand) of each city in the study area, takes meeting the specific energy surplus factor as the construction prerequisites of biomass combined heat and power (CHP) plants, calculates the biomass resource utilization rate and energy surplus factor in the study area under different conditions, and provides zoning suggestions and data reference for the unified planning of biomass CHP plants. The minimum energy surplus factor that is suitable for the development of biomass energy is set as the construction threshold of biomass CHP plants (The construction threshold is the minimum condition for the construction of biomass CHP plants. Only areas where the energy surplus factor reaches the preset construction threshold are allowed to build biomass CHP plants). The results show that the construction threshold is negatively correlated with the utilization rate of biomass resources. When the construction threshold is less than 1.4, the utilization rate of biomass resources decreases rapidly with the increase of the construction threshold; when the construction threshold is greater than 1.4, the utilization rate of biomass resources decreases slowly and tends to be flat. It is suggested that biomass resources should be developed in different regions and in stages, and priority should be given to developing areas with an energy surplus factor greater than 1.4. Areas with an energy surplus factor of 0.3–1.4 are considered secondary development areas, and areas with an energy surplus factor of less than 0.3 are not recommended for development; these can meet 31% and 59% of the total energy demand and reduce 50319380 tons and 180524400 tons carbon emissions so that the limited construction cost can meet higher energy demand and biomass resource utilization. • Priority development areas are identified based on solar and biomass potential. • Energy surplus factor is calculated to determine the development suitability. • Strategies for zoning and phased planning of biomass resources are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To meet the demand of its fast growing economy, China has become already the second largest buyer of crude oil. China is facing critical problems of energy shortage and environment deterioration. Rational and efficient energy use and environment protection are both getting more attention in China. Biomass energy is renewable energy made from biological sources. China''s biomass resources are abundant, which could provide energy for future social and economic development. However technologies for biomass resource conversion in China are still just beginning. In this paper, current biomass resource distribution and technologies of biomass energy, including power generation, biofuel production and biomass-based chemical production are reviewed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Optimal configuration of the two representative district MESs in southern and northern China. • Up to 80% of CO 2 can be reduced and more than 40% renewable penetration can be achieved by the MES. • The average cost of reducing CO 2 rises from 491 CNY/tCO 2 to 880 CNY/tCO 2 for the Tongli system. • The cost of reducing CO 2 is higher in southern China than in northern China under the same target level. Multiple energy systems (MES) can exploit synergies among different energy sectors to optimize overall efficiency. They can accommodate renewable energy sources and reduce carbon emissions more economically than in systems where each energy sector is planned and operated separately. This paper describes the optimal planning of two real-world district MESs in China: Tongli new energy town and Tongzhou subsidiary administrative center. In addition to the conventional economy objective, two kinds of low-carbon targets, including the carbon emission target and renewable penetration target, are taken into account. The results show that investment decisions on coal-fired units, combined heat and power plants and renewable energy sources are significantly influenced by the choices of different targets. Reducing carbon emissions and increasing renewable energy integration generally work in tandem, but result in a higher planning cost. The average cost of reducing carbon emissions by 40% is 528 CNY/tCO 2 in Tongli and 327 CNY/tCO 2 in Tongzhou. Meanwhile, the average cost of achieving a 25% penetration of renewable energy is 468 CNY/MWh in Tongli and 363 CNY/MWh in Tongzhou. As expected, the cost of carbon reduction and renewable energy integration gradually rises as the targets tighten. Only a small fraction of the available renewable energy is curtailed (2.9% in Tongli and 8.3% in Tongzhou) even when the renewable penetration reaches 40% in both two systems. Finally, a sensitivity analysis illustrates the effect of planning parameters, including the carbon price, the capital cost of energy components and the fuel prices, on the planning results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass power is one of the most important renewable energy sources in China. In order to provide a reference for China's biomass power planning, this paper builds a power sector-planning model using the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP). The results show that in the base scenario, the installed capacity of agricultural and forestry residues, municipal solid waste and biogas will increase to 22350 MW, 21150 MW, and 4900 MW, respectively by 2030. From the point of view of total volume, biomass supply is not a constraining factor for biomass power source. However, there are some social and economic factors that impede the development of the biomass power industry, some of which may not be addressed in the short term. Therefore, the development of the biomass power industry in China is a long-term process. Some policy suggestions were proposed, including reasonable planning and more subsidies for biomass supply value chain. • An optimal power-planning model focused on bio-energy in China was developed. • Agricultural and forestry power, waste power and biogas power were all analyzed. • Social and economic factors that impede biomass power were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]