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Abstract: Constructing an indicator to measure the effectiveness of energy management is important for energy agencies and authorities. This paper uses multiple linear regression method and data envelopment analysis to examine the effectiveness of energy management. First, the regression method using environmental factors is used to calculate the predicted energy usage intensity of each evaluated building. Data envelopment analysis is then employed to calculate overall energy efficiency, using the predicted energy usage intensity as output and the observed energy usage intensity as input. Data envelopment analysis can be further applied to measure the overall energy efficiency in details by examining environmental factors and management factors. Finally, the energy consumption of buildings can be measured to evaluate the effectiveness of energy management. Buildings examined as a case study in this paper are government office buildings in Taiwan. The results show that most of the buildings evaluated to report a higher predicted energy usage intensity have successfully used efficient energy management methods in energy saving. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In order to achieve greater energy sustainability, the European Union has begun the reform process of the energy policy. Two main lines have been raised: electricity generation with renewable energy and energy saving. The raising cost of energy makes indoor lighting techniques as one of the most important contributors for energy saving in most of the industrialized countries. Therefore, the history of indoor lighting is not exclusively linked to the development of new light sources, having impact on energy saving and sustainability. The aim of this paper was to study and analyse the evolution and milestones of indoor lighting from incandescent bulbs to the modern light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and organic lighting emitting diodes (OLED) going through intermediate milestones like fluorescent lamps (FL) and/or techniques in lighting induction lamps. As main conclusion of this review, it has been found that indoor lighting techniques with their energy efficiency have opened new perspectives for optimizing the energy conversion and this in turn will play a major role in people's quality of life and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper is on energy efficiency of domestic equipment. It is contended that, in the UK and—by extension—elsewhere. Government has to take the lead in defining low-energy standards for products. In the absence of policy, manufacturers do not recognize the need for carbon reductions in the equipment they design and consumers are unaware of the variation in energy performance in the product range. At present, neither market pull nor technology push can be relied upon to deliver energy savings. The imposition of a weak minimum standard on domestic fridges and freezers in 1999 will, over the lifetime of the appliances already sold by December 2002, save 1 Mt C of carbon dioxide at nil cost to government or to the manufacturers, and a net benefit to consumers of £855 m: a highly cost-effective policy. The difference between energy efficiency and energy conservation is that it takes time for the cumulative benefits of an energy efficiency improvement to result in the maximum effect on energy demand reduction: the benefits of the 1999 energy efficiency standard will accumulate until at least 2020. This period is equivalent to the cycle of stock replacement for that particular object. The final level of energy conservation depends upon the offsetting effects of growth in ownership levels and the size of new equipment purchases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]