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Transforming unstructured text into a formal representation is an important goal of the Semantic Web in order to facilitate the integration and retrieval of information. The construction of Knowledge Graphs (KGs) pursues such an idea, where named entities (real world things) and their relations are extracted from text. In recent years, many approaches for the construction of KGs have been proposed by exploiting Discourse Analysis, Semantic Frames, or Machine Learning algorithms with existing Semantic Web data. Although such approaches are useful for processing taxonomies and connecting beliefs, they provide several linguistic descriptions, which lead to semantic data heterogeneity and thus, complicating data consumption. Moreover, Open Information Extraction (OpenIE) approaches have been slightly explored for the construction of KGs, which provide binary relations representing atomic units of information that could simplify the querying and representation of data. In this paper, we propose an approach to generate KGs using binary relations produced by an OpenIE approach. For such purpose, we present strategies for favoring the extraction and linking of named entities with KG individuals, and additionally, their association with grammatical units that lead to producing more coherent facts. We also provide decisions for selecting the extracted information elements for creating potentially useful RDF triples for the KG. Our results demonstrate that the integration of information extraction units with grammatical structures provides a better understanding of proposition-based representations provided by OpenIE for supporting the construction of KGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the RUSLE3D (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation–3D) and USPED (Unit Stream Power-based Erosion Deposition) models, the effects of topography on soil loss are represented by the combined factor LS, where L is the slope length factor and S the slope gradient factor. The problems with measuring slope gradient and length over large areas are i) they are not always estimated correctly, and ii) different ways are used for their calculation. GIS (Geographical Information Systems) software has several algorithms for estimating topographic parameters included in the equations of LS. The objective of this research was developing a methodology for LS calculation using GIS, in order to define the most accurate algorithm for each parameter. For the estimation of S and upslope contribution area (~ L), the Zevenbergen and Thorne algorithm and the Deterministic Infinity algorithm, respectively, were selected. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]