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Abstract The ventilation effect in different places in the teaching building is different. The aim of this paper is to study the relative ventilation relationship of the rooms in "line" type middle school teaching building. Taking Xiamen in the subtropical region as a typical city, a number of parameters such as the inside and outside corridors, different room sizes and different ventilation angles were set as variables, using the CFD simulation method. Combined and separated effects of the defined parameters on natural ventilation performance are evaluated using the ratio of air-age area as criteria. The result shows that the "line" type teaching building with outside corridor ventilation is 35.55% better than the inside corridor. In addition, the ventilation in large room is 30.84% better than that in small rooms. In 0°–35° wind direction, the closer the room to the incident wind the better in ventilation, but in a certain angle range of 59°–90°, the room farther away from the incident wind, the better in ventilation. The best wind angle of "line" teaching building ventilation is 305°–55°. The research results in this paper can help architects to design buildings more scientifically and reasonably. Highlights • "Line" type teaching building should adopt outside corridor form, it is conducive to ventilation in subtropical area. • The outside corridor ventilation effect is 35.55% better than the inside corridor. • Large room is suitable for laboratory and small room is suitable for temporary lounge cause ventilation feature. • The ventilation effect of the classrooms is related to the wind direction and classroom positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The requirements concerning energy performance of buildings and their internal installations, particularly HVAC systems, have been growing continuously in Poland and all over the world. The existing, traditional calculation methods following from the static heat exchange model are frequently not sufficient for a reasonable heating design of a building. Both in Poland and elsewhere in the world, methods and software are employed which allow a detailed simulation of the heating and moisture conditions in a building, and also an analysis of the performance of HVAC systems within a building. However, these systems are usually difficult in use and complex. In addition, the development of a simulation model that is sufficiently adequate to the real building requires considerable time involvement of a designer, is time-consuming and laborious (Menberg et al., 2019) [1]. A simplification of the simulation model of a building renders it possible to reduce the costs of computer simulations. The paper analyses in detail the effect of introducing a number of different variants of the simulation model developed in DesignBuilder on the quality of final results obtained. The objective of this analysis is to find simplifications which allow obtaining simulation results which have an acceptable level of deviations from the detailed model, thus facilitating a quick energy performance analysis of a given building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the state-of-the-art building simulation programs implement models in imperative programming languages. This complicates modeling and excludes the use of certain efficient methods for simulation and optimization. In contrast, equation-based modeling languages declare relations among variables, thereby allowing the use of computer algebra to enable much simpler schematic modeling and to generate efficient code for simulation and optimization. We contrast the two approaches in this paper. We explain how such manipulations support new use cases. In the first of two examples, we couple models of the electrical grid, multiple buildings, HVAC systems and controllers to test a controller that adjusts building room temperatures and PV inverter reactive power to maintain power quality. In the second example, we contrast the computing time for solving an optimal control problem for a room-level model predictive controller with and without symbolic manipulations. Exploiting the equation-based language led to 2200 times faster solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Model predictive control (MPC) has been studied in the building science realm for about three decades. However, the following two aspects of the building control have not been studied thoroughly in MPC research. One is the impact of the mixed-mode cooling system on the active heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption, and the other is the differences of individual thermal comfort preference and its impact on energy. This paper proposes an occupant-oriented mixed-mode EnergyPlus predictive control system to optimize HVAC energy consumption while meeting the individual thermal comfort preference. A web-based dashboard is implemented in the test-bed building for three months to collect individual thermal comfort preference data. The data analysis results suggest that occupants have various tolerances and preferences about thermal comfort. The simulation results show that, during one week of a typical swing season, the mixed-mode system further reduces the active HVAC energy consumption, and the diversified occupant thermal comfort preference has significant impact on HVAC energy consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]