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Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and glutathione (GSH) depletion. Despite recent advances, challenges remain in understanding the bidirectional interactions or interplay between organelles during ferroptosis. In this study, we aimed to understand the interplay between mitochondria (Mito) and lysosomes (Lyso) in cell homeostasis and ferroptosis. For this purpose, we designed a single fluorescent probe that marks GSH in Mito and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) in Lyso with two distinct emissions. Using this dual-targeted single fluorescent probe (9-morphorino pyronine), we detected Mito-Lyso interplay in ferroptosis. We disclosed differences in Mito-Lyso interplay depending on the induction of ferroptosis. Although erastin treatment decreased GSH, RSL3 triggered a HOCl burst, and FIN56- and FINO2-induced ferroptosis increased GSH and HOCl. Additionally, we showed that only extracellular vesicles generated during erastin-induced ferroptosis could spontaneously move and dock to neighboring cells, resulting in accelerated cell death. [Display omitted] • Simultaneous tracking of the GSH level in mitochondria (Mito) and the HOCl level in lysosomes (Lyso), respectively • Detected distinct Mito-Lyso interplay dynamics and GSH-HOCl crosstalk in ferroptosis • Diverse extracellular vesicle (EV) dynamics in different ferroptosis pathways • Spontaneous movement and docking of the EV accelerate neighboring cell death Wang et al. show the different dynamics of mitochondria-lysosome interplay in the four ferroptosis pathways. They identify diverse extracellular vesicles (EVs) in ferroptosis, of which only erastin-induced EVs can spontaneously move and dock to neighboring cells, resulting in accelerated cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new benzobodipy based fluorescent probe for HOCl has been designed and developed. • The probe has excellent sensitivity with a fast response to HOCl. • The probe was applied to the fluorescence imaging of HOCl in HeLa cells and zebrafish. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a significant reactive oxygen species within biological systems, and its anomalous metabolism has been linked to a range of diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to track and monitor the concentration of HOCl in living organisms to understand its biological functions and study its pathogenic mechanisms. In this study, we developed a photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) mechanism-based benzo-fused bodipy fluorescence probe, named BBy-Se , for highly sensitive and selective detection of HOCl in aqueous solutions. BBy-Se demonstrated a good turn-on fluorescence response to HOCl by specifically oxidizing the selenium atom. It exhibited significant Stokes shift (82 nm), low detection limit (10.9 nM) and rapid response (less than 10 s). Furthermore, the probe was successfully employed for real-time fluorescence imaging of HOCl in living HeLa cells and zebrafish, as demonstrated by the bioimaging results. The development of BBy-Se presents a new approach to explore the biological roles of HOCl and offers a valuable tool for studying its function in diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel benzocoumarin-based fluorescent probe BL for monitoring HOCl was designed and synthesized. • BL exhibits simple synthesis, excellent selectivity, fast response (<60 s), high sensitivity (DL, 5.64 nM). • BL was successfully applied to detect HClO spiked in tap water, 84 disinfectants and lake water, and has achieved satisfying recovery rates. • BL could readily fabricate solid-state visual sensors to be used to convenient detect HClO. • BL was nontoxic andsuccessfully used to monitor the variations of endogenous/exogenous HOCl in live RAW 264.7 macrophages. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is widely used in daily production and life. It is also a kind of endogenously produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the human immune system, plays a crucial role in many pathophysiological processes. This work designed and synthesized a novel based on benzocoumarin fluorescent probe BL for specific detection HOCl. BL has brilliant selectivity, high sensitivity (5.64 nM), fast response (60 s), moderate water-solubility. The intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) sensing mechanism of BL has been verified by fluorescence, UV, MS, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. BL can make into a solid-state visual sensor to detect HOCl conveniently. BL was also applied to detect HClO spiked in tap water, 84 disinfectants, lake water, and satisfying recovery rates. Finally, BL was low toxic and used to track the variations of endogenous/exogenous HClO in living cells successfully. Totally, BL provides a powerful and reliable monitoring tool to reveal the biological functions of HOCl and ensure safe use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]