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To maximize the phocatalytic activity, semiconductor-based catalysts need to be properly modified in various methods. Here, a feasible synergistic strategy is proposed for enhancing the photocatalytic property. We firstly combine 2D ZnInS 4 –S nanosheets with amorphous CoB nanoparticles to obtain hybrid catalysts with Schottky junction and S vacancy engineering, and indicate that the CoB/ZnInS 4 –S with the synergistic effect owns efficiently improved photocatalytic antibacterial performance. Based on systematic characterization technologies and theoretical calculations, it is concluded that the wonderful photocatalytic activity of CoB/ZnIn 2 S 4 –S results from enhanced light-harvesting ability, accelerated charge-carriers separation, high specific surface area and more active sites. Moreover, the upward band bending resulted from the difference in work function between two components causes the directional electrons flow from ZnIn 2 S 4 –S to CoB, inhibiting the electron backflow and stimulating more reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Meanwhile, S vacancy can capture electrons to boost charge-carriers separation. As a result, the optimal 2CoB/ZnIn 2 S 4 –S composite can thoroughly inactivate 6.18-log of E. coli under 100 min of visible light illumination. Furthermore, we explored the damage degree of cell membrane by various characterizations to prove the thorough death of E. coli. It is desired that this work can offer some inspiration to develop more progressive photocatalytic systems by multiple effects engineering. Combing the merits of 2D ZnIn 2 S 4 nanosheets and CoB nanoparticals, a novel photocatalyst with synergistic effect including Schottky junction and S vacancy engineering was fabricated via a simple electrostatic self-assembly method. Due to the difference in work functions between ZnIn 2 S 4 and CoB, the upward band bending results in the directional flow of the photo-generated electrons from ZnIn 2 S 4 –S to CoB, and inhibits the electrons backflow. Meanwhile, S vacancies can capture electrons to boost charge-carriers separation. The efficient charge-carriers separation stimulates the generation of more reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, ROS and photo-generated h+ act synergistically on the cell membrane of E. coli , leading to the irreversible death of these cells. [Display omitted] • CoB/ZIS-S photocatalyst with Schottky junction and vacancy engineering was successfully fabricated. • DFT calculation reveals the charge transfer mechanism of photocatalytic reaction. • The establishment of Schottky barrier in CB/ZIS-S can effectively inhibit the backflow of electrons. • CoB/ZIS-S displays excellent performance for photocatalytic E. coli inactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common serious acute condition of the digestive system that remains a clinical challenge. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in particular is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Galangin (Gal), a natural flavonol obtained from lesser galangal, on L -arginine-induced SAP in mice and in AR42J cells. Amylase and lipase activities were measured and the histopathology of the pancreas, lung, and kidney was evaluated. Inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed using ELISA, western blotting, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Gal was shown to reduce proinflammatory cytokine production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in vivo and in vitro. L -arginine treatment reduced the expression of components of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and the downstream protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in mice, whereas Gal increased their expression. Furthermore, the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway inhibitor brusatol prevented the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Gal in mice with SAP. Taken together, our results imply that Gal has protective effects in L -arginine-induced SAP that are induced by the upregulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Thus, Gal may represent a promising treatment for SAP. [Display omitted] • Gal suppresses inflammation and oxidative stress in mice with SAP. • Gal reduces pancreatic acinar cells oxidative stress induced by L -Arginine. • Gal alleviates SAP associated lung and kidney injury in mice. • The protective effect of Gal in mice with SAP was depended on Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]