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Psychological and neurological studies earlier suggested that a personality type can be determined by the whole face as well as by its sides. This article discusses novel research using deep neural networks that address the features of both sides of the face (hemifaces) to assess the human's Big Five personality traits (PT). For this, we have developed a real-time approach called EmoFormer with cross-hemiface attention. The novelty of the presented approach lies in the confirmation that each hemiface exhibits high predictive capabilities in terms of human's PT distinction. Our approach is based on a novel mid-level emotional feature extractor for each hemiface and a cross-hemiface attention fusion strategy for hemiface feature aggregation. The consequent fusion of both hemifaces has outperformed the use of the whole face by the relative value of 3.6% in terms of Concordance Correlation Coefficient (0.634 vs. 0.612) on the ChaLearn First Impressions V2 corpus. The proposed approach has also outperformed all the existing state-of-the-art approaches for PT assessment based on the face modality. We have also analyzed the "best hemiface", the one that predicts PT more accurately in terms of demographic characteristics (gender, ethnicity, and age). We have found that the best hemiface for two of the five PT (Openness to experience and Non-Neuroticism) is different depending on demographic characteristics. For the other three traits, the right hemiface is dominant for Extraversion, while the left one is more indicative of Conscientiousness and Agreeableness. These findings support previous psychological and neurological research. Besides, we provide an open-source framework referred to as OCEAN-AI that can be seamlessly integrated into expert systems with practical applications in various domains including healthcare, education, and human resources. • An efficient EmoFormer cross-hemiface attention approach for Big five assessment. • A novel emotional mid-level feature extractor for personality traits assessment. • A novel cross-hemiface attention fusion strategy for personality traits assessment. • An open-source framework called OCEAN-AI for personality traits assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the concept of context-dependent realisation of mental models is introduced and discussed. Literature from neuroscience is discussed showing that different types of mental models can use different types of brain areas. Moreover, it is discussed that the same occurs for the formation and adaptation of mental models and the control of these processes. This makes that it is hard to claim that all mental models use the same brain mechanisms and areas. Instead, the notion of context-dependent realisation is proposed here as a better manner to relate neural correlates to mental models. It is shown in some formal detail how this context-dependent realisation approach can be related to well-known perspectives based on bridge principle realisation and interpretation mapping realisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The data were collected on big five personality traits using the Big Five Inventory (BFI) • Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ) was used to collect data on self-reported driving behaviors. • Lisrel software was used to conduct the latent variable model. • Personality traits in combination with age, gender, and the history of accident involvement were used as the predictors of aberrant driving behaviors. • It was suggested to the policymakers to introduce the personality test in the driver correction programme. Introduction: This study aims to explore the influence of Big Five personality traits in combination with various socio-demographic factors and experiences of accident involvement on aberrant driving behaviors. The study also compares the effects of the level of development (i.e., developed or developing) of three countries on the personality traits and driving behaviors. Method: The four-factor Driver Behavior Questionnaire was used to collect data on aberrant driving behaviors, while a short version of the 10-item Big Five Inventory was used to collect data on personality traits. Responses were collected from Japan (1,250 responses), China (1,250), and Vietnam (1,000). A latent variable model was applied after controlling data in each category (e.g., age). Results: This study revealed that respondents who experienced accidents in the past and scored higher on Agreeableness were less likely to commit aggressive violations in Japan, China, and Vietnam. Further, Japanese and Vietnamese female drivers who scored high on Conscientiousness were found to be less likely to commit ordinary violations. Neuroticism was positively correlated with aggressive violations only in the case of Vietnamese drivers, irrespective of the history of accident involvement. Conclusions: Drivers with particular personality types that are linked with aberrant driving behavior may need to receive additional training on behavior management. Practical Applications: This study may help road traffic policymakers predict future driving behaviors of Vietnamese and Chinese drivers based on those of Chinese and Japanese drivers, respectively, and act accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In the European Union, substantial ratio of the primary energy is consumed by the buildings, thus designing energy saving structures is mandatory in the Member States. The ratio of these energy efficient buildings, however, is evanescent compared to the vast number of existing, ineffective stock. The energetic refurbishment of the older, historical buildings raises several additional questions related to the possible methodology of their renovation. Authors of the present paper survey the architectural and geometric features of a Budapest downtown district. The area consists mainly of characteristic, ornamented, multi-storey apartment buildings. Present paper aims to answer the following question: can the energy demand be estimated by using only easily obtainable data? The significance of the above question lays in the possibility of simple, large-scale energy estimation, which can be used as a benchmark for future rehabilitation action plans. The heating energy demand and the characteristic geometry of the buildings were investigated, as well as their relationship with architectural style. The paper also introduces a structural typology for the downtown building stock of Budapest. The results show that the heating energy demand can be estimated based on geometry and architectural style data, in case of the downtown residential stock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the foundations of the theory of socionics, including the rationale behind Aušra Augustinavičiūtė’s model of information processing by the human psyche, and the philosophical thought behind the concept of information metabolism elements. Socionics was developed in the former Soviet Union and may be regarded as analogous to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator typology of personality. The main goal of this paper is to present socionics to the English-speaking community, in order to better take advantage of its explanatory potential in the fields of interpersonal communication and psychological disorders. Reviewed topics include aspects of Jungian analytical psychology and Kępiński’s information metabolism theory, upon which Augustinavičiūtė based her model. After the model is presented, its theoretical implications are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trauma survivors are at a high risk of developing mental health problems. Hence, mental help in the form of emergency psychology has to be availed in the aftermath of a traumatizing event. When studied in-depth, emergency psychology comprises protocols, strategies, and techniques that establish it as an interventional activity. The main of this review is to analyze how emergency psychology services are provided to people, to verify to what extent these interventions are homogeneous in the delivery methods and consequently, facilitate the creation of relevant measures. Consequently, the general view of emergency psychology is reviewed and analyzed to identify the protocols, guidelines, and strategies used. A search was done on the ScienceDirect, APA PsycINFO, Emerald, and Scopus databases for articles published from 1st January 2017 to 1st April 2022. The reference lists of the identified studies were also screened. After the non-duplicate articles were removed and after filtering the articles according to inclusion criteria, 20 articles were included for the thematic analysis: nine research articles, 10 case study reports, and one randomized controlled trial (RCT). During the analysis, different aspects of emergency psychology were categorized: Responders, Crisis Management and Structure, and types of psychological interventions. This categorization led to the identification of protocols, guidelines, and strategies that can be placed in a sequence to give a general direction of how an emergency psychology intervention is supposed to be carried out. The adopted protocols, guidelines and strategies may vary from one disaster management to another but the main goal will always remain the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban green spaces offer multiple ecosystem services (ES), which provide a variety of benefits to human well-being. Yet in urban planning they are not taken into account systematically. Recently new tools have been developed integrating ES into procedural modeling and visualization to raise stakeholder awareness for the explicit ES trade-offs that have to be made. These tools yet do not allow fast and comprehensive integration of ES provision in urban environments. In this paper we show how urban green space typologies can be linked to ES provision for facilitating collaboration between stakeholders of different backgrounds. Based on a generic typology green spaces were mapped and linked with information on potentially provided ES and their parameters. Further, pattern designs of the green space types were described with a form-based code. Both the map of green space types and the pattern designs were integrated into the parametric modeling and visualization chain of Esri CityEngine resulting in 3D visualizations of the green space patterns and correlating ES indicators. The green space typology allows for integrating different kinds of knowledge from both science and practice communities. The procedural model enables rapid interactive visualization of urban patterns and calculation of simple indicator values on the provision of ES. The simple approach for mapping green space types with low data requirements and the generic green space design patterns allow for transferability to other places and application to large areas. The developed approach is simple and fast yet comprehensive to communicate the vital importance of all green space types within the urban environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying personality traits in children is a topic of interest due to its importance in adapting strategies for the teaching–learning process and detecting psychopathological features. The most straightforward procedure to identify children's personality type is by applying a validated and suitable questionnaire according to their age. However, an interesting approach is automatically identifying the children's personalities using their speech generated during their interaction with computer systems, software, or robots. This approach would allow obtaining the personality identification transparently to the children without answering a written test. This article presents a method for the automatic personality assessment of children between 8 and 12 years old. The assessment is based on their voices' acoustic analysis while participating in playful activity with another child and a robot. We created a database with 98 children involved in several activities while their voices were recorded. The database was labeled with five paralinguistic aspects. Using these labels, we trained a set of classification models that helped us recognize primary and secondary personality traits according to the Children's Personality Questionnaire. We obtained good results for two secondary personality traits, extroversion (0.89 F-Score) and excitability (0.79 F-Score). The best F-score obtained for anxiety was 0.70. These results indicate that it is feasible to estimate personality from analyzing children's voices during interaction with computer systems. • We developed a system to analyze of children's speech to infer their personality. • The children's actual personality was obtained by applying a personality test. • The obtained accuracy is similar to that obtained in studies with adults. • The developed system can be used in personality aware systems to profile users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Framing HSH/HCH research using an EPBH typology is a feasible undertaking. [•] The EPBH typology illustrates HSH technology research in a simplified fashion. [•] Strength of evidence for HSH/HCH to support aging in place has improved since 2005. [•] HSH/HCH research to support aging in place must include all living arrangements. [•] STARE-HI is useful to compare completeness of item reporting in a literature review. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This study aims to mention the most important events, cases and names that have had an impact on the public relations profession in Turkey within historically-divided developmental periods between 1920 and 2012. While forming the historical periods into sub-phases, socio-political and economical contexts are considered. Three separate periods are named: antecedents, emergence and developmental. Concerning these periods, the applicability of Grunig and Hunt's (1984) four models of PR is discussed within a Turkish context, and it is concluded that the typology does not totally fit into Turkish PR history. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Introduction: This study examines young workers' responses to unsafe work through the lens of the exit, voice, patience, and neglect typology (Leck & Saunders, 1992). Method: In Canada, social marketing campaigns and high school curriculum concerning workplace safety for young workers promote the benefits of “speaking out” against dangerous work. We conducted focus group interviews with teenagers in two Canadian cities to understand the types of work-related hazards experienced by this group, how they respond to hazards, and barriers to injury prevention. Results: Instead of speaking up about hazards, the vast majority of young workers in our sample take a “wait-and-see” approach when they have safety concerns. Their reluctance to raise issues by voicing concerns was related to fear of being fired, status as newcomers, supervisor indifference, and feelings of powerlessness. Conclusions: Despite the emphasis on “speaking out” against unsafe work, young workers' beliefs about the perils of voicing persist. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

After the revolutionary conflicts of the 1910s, the Mexican state sought to bring peace to the country''s obstreperous, rebellious and often downright unknown rural provinces through the establishment of a new social pact. Peasants were to embrace political loyalty, productivity, and secularization in return for land, education and healthcare. Success depended on multiple regional factors and even healthcare, often presented as a neutral, politically uncharged benefit, faced ample opposition. Using four examples, I seek to examine why certain regions embraced post-revolutionary healthcare, while others preferred to remain wedded to ‘traditional’ or Catholic medical institutions and practices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We propose a formalization of C.G. Jung’s theory of personality using a four-dimensional Hilbert-space for the representation of two qubits. The first qubit relates to Jung’s four psychological functions: Thinking, Feeling, Sensing and iNtuition, which are represented by two groups of projection operators, {T, F} and {S, N}. The operators in each group are commuting but operators of different groups are not. The second qubit represents Jung’s two perspectives of extraversion and introversion. It is shown that this system gives a natural explanation of the 16 psychological types that are defined in the Jungian tradition. Further, the system accounts for the restriction posed by Jung concerning the possible combination of psychological functions and perspectives. The empirical consequences of the present theory are discussed, and the results of a pilot study are reported with the aim to check some basic predictions of the theory. In addition, it is shown why the present praxis of personality diagnostics based on classical statistics is insufficient. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

To present a relatively apparent communication picture from the virtual religion and its features in “the current virtualized world” or in the ground of “dual-globalized” processes requires the discussion of four basic questions in relation to the virtual religion. Although it is not possible to provide detailed and analytical answers to these questions, aspects of the questions and facets of the answers will be analyzed. As Martin Heidegger (AP 1373:1)* has suggested, a question itself possesses leading features and opens ways of thought: 1) What is the virtual religion? 2) Which ontology can offer a presence of religion in virtual-real space — vireal space? 3) Is there any fundamental difference between a virtual and the real religion? And eventually, it is important to answer the question: 4) What are the outcomes of duality space and what is the place of religion's existence? To answer these questions we will look at ongoing literature on “the virtual religion” and on religious typology in virtual space from an “ontological” view and we will analyze structural differences between these two spaces. And finally we will address the representation of religion in two spaces through a “dual globalization paradigm” and “communication paradigm of dual spacization”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Van linden and Verstraete (2008) present a compelling typological investigation of counterfactuals in simple clauses, showing that they are usually marked by both a modal element and a marker of tense. They propose that polarity reversal in the counterfactual represents a Generalised Conversational Implicature derived via the Gricean maxim of quantity, applied to a modalised past tense clause; in some languages this has grammaticalised, they suggest, into a coded rather than implicated meaning. In this note I attempt to do two things. First, I point to what seems to me to be a weakness of this pragmatic proposal: it fails to recognise the variety of meanings that can be coded by modal categories of the types employed in counterfactuals. This raises doubts about the universality of the suggested grammaticalisation pathway. Second, I examine one of the languages in their sample, Gooniyandi, and argue that the mono-clausal counterfactual is not double-marked in the way Van linden and Verstraete (2008) presume. It is double-marked paradigmatically rather than syntagmatically. I conclude with an alternative explanation that links counterfactuals to negative constructions, and may provide another motivation for their double marking in some languages. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Whilst traditionally poorly quantified, the link between physical habitat and ecological response in rivers is widely recognised, and is currently rising up legislative and policy agendas. In Europe, this is reflected in the Water Framework Directive which dictates that ‘hydromorphological’ condition of water bodies should be capable of supporting ‘Good Ecological Status’. Methods are developed that integrate river system hydrology, geomorphology and ecology (and the complex interplay between these three variables). Whilst hydrological and biological methods for characterisation are relatively well established, geomorphological methods are not. Effective characterisation of geomorphology (physical habitat) with full spatial coverage, at a range of scales, can be used to explore spatial interactions between habitat and biological data and potentially further our understanding of ecological response. Managers need to know what aspects of physical habitat and at which critical locations intervention will lead to greatest improvements in ecological condition. This requires information on hydromorphological character and condition. Existing applied approaches for capturing geomorphological data are highly dependent on intensive fieldwork, which is unlikely to be resourced at sufficiently extensive scales to meet management needs. This paper outlines a typology approach for characterising the physical template of rivers. It draws on a range of hydromorphological data to develop a framework for a channel typology; with data collation from secondary sources followed by targeted fieldwork to (i) assess to what extent individual channel types are characteristic of field conditions and (ii) to collect information on reach-scale variability within each type. Results suggest that characterisation of channel types based on stream power, floodplain width and stream order does result in a distinct set of channel types. Field survey subsequently found that these types had a characteristic suite of patch-scale habitat features (flow types). The approach was applied to a catchment where geomorphological processes exert a dominant control over physical habitat. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents the results of a descriptive analysis of discourse structuring devices in written texts. It discusses typologies of metadiscourse (Hyland, 1998; Hyland and Tse, 2004) and establishes a categorisation of organisational metadiscourse markers, i.e. linguistic items that signpost the discourse organisation on the metadiscourse level. One particular group of these markers, sequencers, will be defined more precisely and described by means of a qualitative analysis of their structural parameters. A manual corpus analysis (Degand and Bestgen, 2004), allying quantitative and qualitative analyses, gives a detailed picture of their actual use in written discourse and of their distribution among the three text genres of academic writing, journalese and fiction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The article presents a typology of silence in social interaction, based on a number of features, including the number of participants in the interaction, the identity of the text that is left unsaid, and the intention of the silent person. Four types are proposed—conversation, thematic, textual and situational. Since conversational silence has been extensively discussed elsewhere, the focus of the article is on the other three types, and several problematic cases are discussed concerning not only the classification of instances of silence but also whether what has been called silence is in effect silence. The types of silence are illustrated by examples such as silence in the library, during classroom lessons, in political speeches, remembrance ceremonies, and theatrical and musical performances. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper applies a typology adapted from the consumer psychology literature to a Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) survey. We argue that the typology is helpful as a way of identifying responses that contain useful information on preferences for the environmental good in question, relative to those which are unlikely to contain such information. Applying this framework to a CVM study of agri-environmental payments in Germany, we find that some 90% of responses are preference-revealing; this distribution changes when the framing of the good is changed. The typology may be of most use during the design stage of future CVM studies, since it enables researchers to increase the fraction of responses that are useful. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This is the second part of a two-part article which critically reviews eight recent works in the field of mood and modality. Part I explored three different theoretical approaches – generative, cognitive–pragmatic, and typological – with the main focus on languages other than English. It also examined an in-depth account of the modal verb system in Danish. In Part II, the emphasis is on (mostly corpus-driven) work in relation to (primarily) English and on non-verbal as well as verbal carriers of modal meanings. Thus, description and analysis move purposefully towards a more comprehensive account of the field, to embrace modal expressions such as modal lexical verbs, modal adverbs, and modal adjectives. The pragmatics of modality; the discursive functions of modal expressions, especially modal adverbs; and the treatment of modality in modern descriptive grammars of English are also covered. The article reflects mounting interest in recent years in modality studies. Whilst broadening the scope of modality studies to include treatment of non-verbal modal expressions is to be welcomed, comparatively little attention has so far been given to how different types of modal expression may combine in text to create modal synergy. Following a case study investigation into pragmatics and modality, the paper ends by outlining an agenda for further research within a discourse and pragmatic perspective. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology of assistance to reflective activity, based on confronting participants with the video recording of their own activity or that of others. A typology of the various forms of use of confrontation is proposed and illustrated from a study based on the construction of technical procedures. Two categories of results are highlighted. On the one hand, individual auto-confrontation (confronting participants with their own activity) reveals the cognitive processes underlying the activity. On the other hand, individual allo-confrontation (confronting participants with an activity they practice but which is performed by someone else, without the latter being present) allows participants to develop their knowledge by getting aware of other types of representations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• IBM simulating individual sociability's influence on metapopulation dispersal dynamics. • Individual personalities significantly structure metapopulations in space and time. • Dispersal and density, not landscape occupation, altered by fish personalities. • The effects of individual personalities can be overridden by environmental effects under some conditions. Metapopulation structure emerges from the dispersal of individuals among spatially distinct patches across a low-quality matrix. While dispersing agents are typically modeled as functionally identical with limited, linear and non-directional dispersal, field studies argue for the incorporation of intraspecific trait variation, such as behavioral, into the modeling of dispersal. Individual personality is of growing interest as a trait that affects dispersal metrics yet remains understudied at large, field-relevant spatial scales. Here, we used an individual-based model to investigate the influence of sociability, a personality-type known to be linked to density-dependent dispersal decisions, on a metapopulation at the individual, local and regional scales. As personality dependent dispersal is temporally dependent, we also examined how emergent properties of the metapopulation varied across two dispersal scenarios: long and short dispersal windows. Overall, our results support the growing evidence that individual personalities can significantly structure metapopulations in both space and time, through negative relationships between sociability and dispersal distance and positive relationships between sociability and patch density. However, we also demonstrate the effects of personality are limited by environmental factors. At the larger spatial scales of our model, patch density as a function of distance from source, and proportion of the landscape occupied were more strongly influenced by the dispersal window than by the personality. Using these results, we derive hypotheses to be examined in future empirical research. As the climate continues to shift, and dispersal models are updated to reflect ever changing conditions, these results suggest individual personality types and the personality type by environment interaction should be considered to accurately reflect dispersal and manage valuable metasystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Locomotor training seems to maintain cognitive levels in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). • Cognitive training seems to maintain cognitive levels in people with PD. • Multimodal training has a positive effect on physical stress in PD. • Exercises delay the progressive course of PD on non-motor symptoms. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative and progressive disease marked by the presence of motor and non-motor symptoms, as psychological and cognitive impairment. Physical exercises have been prescribed as complementary therapy for PD, and the type of intervention and duration of the intervention should be taken into account. We aimed to compare the effect of different exercise modalities (functional mobility, multimodal and cognitive) and length (4 and 8 months) on psychological and cognition in people with PD. This study followed the CONSORT extension for non-pharmacological trials. In this randomized controlled trial, we assessed 107 participants between 2011 and 2013. At the end of 3 years, participants with PD (mild to moderate stages) who achieved the criteria were assessed considering 3 different groups of exercise: Multimodal (n = 38), Functional Mobility (n = 33) and Mental/Leisure (n = 36). All 3 interventions were performed for 32 weeks, twice a week, with 60 min for each session (64 sessions in total). Psychological and cognitive function were assessed at baseline and after 4 and 8 months. The Functional Mobility and Mental/Leisure training had a potential effect on maintaining cognitive function (executive function, attention and work memory). The Multimodal training did not show a benefit for cognitive features and was not even able to delay the progressive decline in cognitive functions; however, this modality had a positive effect on physical stress after 8 months of exercise. An intervention that requires high complexity and specific activities, such as locomotor and cognitive exercise, provides a maintenance effect against the degeneration in cognition associated with the progression of PD and thus can delay the progressive decline in cognitive function in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A typological analysis was conducted to analyze how Taiwan''s NPO documentary productions varied in sparking publicity, shaping policies, and building activist networks in this study. Findings suggested that documentaries are favorable because they (1) have more sustainable advocacy impacts, (2) are relatively easier to deploy in tackling sensitive issues normally circumcised in the institutional process, and (3) are valuable tools to build internal consensus at special occasions. Efforts to create synergic effect were then discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract Objectives Hospital-based surveillance of influenza and acute respiratory infections relies on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes and hospital laboratory reports (Standard-of-Care). It is unclear how many cases are missed with either method, i.e. remain undiagnosed/coded as influenza and other respiratory virus infections. Various influenza-like illness (ILI) definitions co-exist with little guidance on how to use them. We compared the diagnostic accuracy of standard surveillance methods with a prospective quality management (QM) programme at a Berlin children's hospital with the Robert Koch Institute. Methods Independent from routine care, all patients fulfilling pre-defined ILI-criteria (QM-ILI) participated in the QM programme. A separate QM team conducted standardized clinical assessments and collected nasopharyngeal specimens for blinded real-time quantitative PCR for influenza A/B viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus and human metapneumovirus. Results Among 6073 individuals with ILI qualifying for the QM programme, only 8.7% (528/6073) would have undergone virus diagnostics during Standard-of-Care. Surveillance based on ICD codes would have missed 61% (359/587) of influenza diagnoses. Of baseline ICD codes, 53.2% (2811/5282) were non-specific, most commonly J06 ('acute upper respiratory infection'). Comparison of stakeholder case definitions revealed that QM-ILI and the WHO ILI case definition showed the highest overall sensitivities (84%–97% and 45%–68%, respectively) and the CDC ILI definition had the highest sensitivity for influenza infections (36%, 95% CI 31.4–40.8 for influenza A and 48%, 95% CI 40.5–54.7 for influenza B). Conclusions Disease-burden estimates and surveillance should account for the underreporting of cases in routine care. Future studies should explore the effect of ILI screening and surveillance in various age groups and settings. Diagnostic algorithms should be based on the WHO ILI case definition combined with targeted testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]