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We present a pipeline of state-of-the-art techniques for the generation of high-order meshes that contain highly stretched elements in viscous boundary layers, and are suitable for flow simulations at high Reynolds numbers. The pipeline uses CADfix to generate a medial object based decomposition of the domain, which wraps the wall boundaries with prismatic partitions. The use of medial object allows the prism height to be larger than is generally possible with advancing layer techniques. CADfix subsequently generates a hybrid straight-sided (or linear) mesh. A high-order mesh is then generated a posteriori using NekMesh, a high-order mesh generator within the Nektar++ framework. During the high-order mesh generation process, the CAD definition of the domain is interrogated; we describe the process for integrating the CADfix API as an alternative backend geometry engine for NekMesh, and discuss some of the implementation issues encountered. Finally, we illustrate the methodology using three geometries of increasing complexity: a wing tip, a simplified landing gear and an aircraft in cruise configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generation of sufficiently high quality unstructured high-order meshes remains a significant obstacle in the adoption of high-order methods. However, there is little consensus on which approach is the most robust, fastest and produces the ‘best’ meshes. We aim to provide a route to investigate this question, by examining popular high-order mesh generation methods in the context of an efficient variational framework for the generation of curvilinear meshes. By considering previous works in a variational form, we are able to compare their characteristics and study their robustness. Alongside a description of the theory and practical implementation details, including an efficient multi-threading parallelisation strategy, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework, showing how it can be used for both mesh quality optimisation and untangling of invalid meshes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the findings of a national inquiry into cases of misdiagnosis of miscarriage in the Republic of Ireland and to report the results of implementation of the findings of the inquiry, including investment in new equipment and training, new national guidelines, and rigorous annual audit of early pregnancy units.Design: Narrative description of the inquiry and its findings and results of a subsequent audit.Setting: Not applicable.Patient(s): Women with problems of bleeding and/or pain in early pregnancy who were erroneously diagnosed as having a nonviable intrauterine pregnancy.Intervention(s): After two cases of misdiagnosis of miscarriage that were widely reported in the Republic of Ireland in June 2010, a Miscarriage Misdiagnosis Review Team was commissioned by the Irish Health Service Executive (HSE) to undertake a national review of other possible cases of misdiagnosis of miscarriage. The Review Team made a series of recommendations that were subsequently implemented in full. The results of the implementation of the findings of the Review Team have been the subject of three annual audits across the country.Main Outcome Measure(s): The main outcome measure was the occurrence of misdiagnosis of miscarriage in the Republic of Ireland before and after implementation of the findings of the Review Team.Result(s): Twenty-four confirmed cases of misdiagnosis of miscarriage were identified, mostly occurring between 2005 and 2010. Analysis led to a series of recommendations by the Review Team, which were implemented in full by the HSE. Over € 3 million was provided to fund implementation; 26 high-quality gynecological ultrasound machines were purchased to reequip 19 units involved in provision of care to women with suspected miscarriage. There was further allocation of resources for new equipment and improvement in the management and staffing of early pregnancy units across Ireland, with each center now having a dedicated and properly staffed Early Pregnancy Assessment Unit. A national training program in the management of early pregnancy problems has been implemented, along with regular national meetings to discuss early pregnancy problems. National clinical guidelines on the diagnosis and management of miscarriage for implementation have been distributed to all hospitals.Conclusion(s): No cases of miscarriage misdiagnosis were identified in any of the three annual audits, suggesting that implementation of the findings of the review has been successful. We believe that this is the first report of national change in practice leading to improvement in clinical outcomes in the management of suspected miscarriage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Light/medium truck drivers involved had higher FROI rates than heavy truck drivers involved in crashes. • Younger light/medium truck drivers were represented at a higher proportion in crash FROIs compared to younger heavy truck drivers. • The retail trade industry made up the largest percentage of light/medium truck local crash FROIs (47%); the transportation and warehousing industry was most frequently cited in heavy truck FROIs. • Light/medium truck crashes most frequently involved being rear-ended, running red lights, and turning in front of other vehicles. Objective: Multiple heavy truck driver injury studies exist, but there is a paucity of research on light and medium truck driver injuries. The objective of this study was to use first report of injury (FROI) data to: (a) compare demographic and injury characteristics; (b) assess workers' compensation (WC) claim disposition and lost work time status; and (c) describe injury scenarios by vehicle type for heavy truck and light/medium truck driver local crashes. Method: Kentucky Department of Workers' Claims FROI quantitative and free text data were analyzed for years 2010–2019. Of 800 total FROIs, 451 involved heavy trucks and 349 involved light or medium trucks. Results: There was a higher light/medium truck driver crash FROI rate compared to the heavy truck driver crash FROI rate. There was a higher proportion of younger light/medium truck driver crash FROIs compared to younger heavy truck driver crash FROIs. The retail trade industry made up the largest percentage of light/medium truck local crash FROIs (47%); the transportation and warehousing industry was most frequently cited in heavy truck FROIs (46%). The heavy truck types most frequently identified in FROIs were semi-trucks (13%) and dump trucks (11%). The most common light/medium truck type identified was delivery trucks (30%). Most commonly, heavy truck crash FROIs involved rollovers, driving off/overcorrecting on narrow roadways, and driving downhill/unable to downshift. Light/medium truck crash FROIs most frequently involved being rear-ended, running red lights, and turning in front of other vehicles. Conclusions: The utilization of WC FROI data highlighted top injury scenarios and specific vehicle types for targeting driver safety training among truck drivers, particularly light/medium truck drivers. Road safety policies regarding driver training, crash reviews, and in-vehicle monitoring systems are needed for truck drivers with previous crash injuries, especially for light and medium truck drivers. Practical applications: Enhanced safety training on speeding on narrow roadways, on nearing intersections, and on downshifting on hills is needed for semi-truck, dump truck, and coal truck drivers with previous crash injuries. Rear-end crash prevention training (e.g., gradual stopping and checking mirrors) is needed for drivers of furniture, automotive parts and accessories, and groceries and soft drink delivery trucks with previous crash injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An 18.3 m (60 ft) simple span bridge is South Carolina''s first use of a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bridge deck system. This paper describes the initial preparation and instrumentation of this structure including the use of surveying techniques to determine overall bridge deflections. Also outlined are the procedures used for in situ load testing the bridge. Critical design criteria such as overall deflections, effective deck widths, bending of the GFRP deck and moment distribution factors are reported for this structure. Data collected indicates that the GFRP deck and steel girders are acting in a composite manner and that the deck system is relatively stiff despite the large girder spacing used. Over the course of the next several years this bridge will be tested on a regular basis to establish the long-term performance of the GFRP deck system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Treatment of the tetramethylfulvene-Ru(II) complex [(η6-C5Me4CH2)RuCl2]2 with allylmagnesium chloride leads to the allyl ruthenium complex [(η2:η5-C5Me4CH2CH2CH&z.dbnd6;CH2)Ru(η3-C3H5)], which has been characterized spectroscopically and by a single crystal X-ray determination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Small organisms, like the nematode C. elegans , are emerging as insightful models in which to study host/pathogen interactions and the evolving interplay between host defenses and microbial offenses. In C. elegans the innate immune response has been shown to be connected to the DAF-2 insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signal pathway, a critical transduction pathway that mediates stress response in the worms via the DAF-16 FOXO/forkhead transcription factor. Our studies of the C. elegans' phenotypes that are associated with behavioral innate immune response (avoidance behavior) and IGF-1 signaling perturbations (lifespan effects) led us to question the cause of the avoidance behavior observed when C. elegans are challenged with B. anthracis. While worms indeed avoid B. anthracis , and this behavior seems to be partly tied to IGF-1 signaling, the bacteria have neither nematocidal nor visible pathogenic effects on the worms. In fact, worms fed B. anthracis alone exhibit extended lifespans. We demonstrate that the extended lifespan phenotype seen in worms fed B. anthracis is likely the result of calorie restriction, and that worms do not eat B. anthracis even when avoidance behaviors have been suppressed. We further demonstrate a large time lag between the onset of avoidance behavior (which occurs upon contact with B. anthracis), and the induction of IGF-1 signaling (which occurs much later) in worms fed B. anthracis. Taken together, our data demonstrate behavioral avoidance that does not appear to be linked to a measurable immune response. We propose that, in some situations, avoidance behaviors categorized as immunological might be more accurately described as broad foraging behaviors induced in worms presented with a non-preferred food choice, or with a food choice that is either difficult or impossible for the worms to ingest. • C. elegans avoid B. anthracis although it is not pathogenic to the worms. • DAF-16 activation in challenged worms lags behind avoidance behavior by > 2.5 h. • The extended lifespans of challenged worms are due to caloric restriction, not behavioral defenses. • C. elegans' avoidance of B. anthracis is not attributed to an innate-immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]