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High entropy materials are becoming more and more popular in energy storage field of supercapacitors because of their unique structure and modulated functional characteristics, but their low conductivity and instability of electrode structure limit their further electrochemical performance. In this paper, we use polyethylene glycol (PEG) with different molecular weights to modify the surface morphology of the high entropy oxides (FeCoCrMnNi) 3 O 4 in an attempt to improve their supercapacitors performance. The PEG was used as a pore-making agent to prepare porous high entropy oxides powder with a large specific surface area of 92.7559 m2 g−1, providing more active sites and ion transport channels. A high specific capacitance of 204 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and good cycle performance of 60.4 % capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles were obtained. Besides, an asymmetric device with improved energy density of 53 W h kg−1 and the power density of 400.8 W kg−1 were reached via the designed microstructure of the high entropy oxide electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The association between temperature and influenza was nonlinear, and the contribution of low temperatures to influenza epidemics was relatively large. • The association between temperature and influenza activity varies in different regions, suggesting that influenza prevention and control policies need to be tailored to local conditions. • The threshold temperatures for an early warning of serious influenza outbreaks were −24.3 ℃ in northeast region, 16.6 ℃ in northwest region, and 1–10 ℃ in the other regions of China. Temperature affects influenza transmission; however, currently, limited evidence exists about its effect in China at the national and city levels as well as how temperature can be integrated into influenza interventions. Meteorological, pollutant, and influenza data from 201 cities in mainland China between 2013 and 2018 were analyzed at both the city and national levels to investigate the relationship between temperature and influenza prevalence. We examined the impact of temperature on the time-varying reproduction number (R t) using generalized additive quasi-Poisson regression models combined with the distributed lag nonlinear model. Threshold temperatures were determined for seven regions based on the early warning threshold of serious influenza outbreaks, set at R t = 1.2. A multivariate random-effects meta -analysis was employed to assess region-specific associations. The excess risk (ER) index was defined to investigate the correlation between R t and temperature, modified based on seasonal and regional characteristics. At the national level and in the central, northern, northwestern, and southern regions, temperature was found to be negatively correlated with relative risk, whereas the shapes of the data curves for the eastern, southwestern, and northeastern regions were not well defined. Low temperatures had an observable effect on influenza prevalence; however, the effects of high temperatures were not obvious. At an R t of 1.2, the threshold temperatures for reaching a warning for serious influenza outbreaks were − 24.3 °C in the northeastern region, 16.6 °C in the northwestern region, and between 1℃ and 10 °C in other regions. The study findings revealed that temperature had a varying effect on influenza transmission trends (R t) across different regions in China. By identifying region-specific temperature thresholds at R t = 1.2, more effective early warning systems for influenza outbreaks could be tailored. These findings emphasize the significance of the region-specific adaptation of influenza prevention and control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background& Aims: Esophageal neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are very rare and mostly carcinomic, carrying poor prognosis. There is still no guideline or consensus on the treatment for esophageal NET.Methods: Patients with histologically-proven esophageal neuroendocrine tumor were recruited from 9 hospitals in Taiwan between 2002 and 2017. Clinical, laboratory, radiological, endoscopic, pathological data, treatment strategies, follow-up periods, and survivals were collected retrospectively.Results: In total, 39 esophageal NET were analyzed and 38 were neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC). Sixteen (41%) patients had mixed components with either adenocarcinoma (N = 9, 23%) or squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) (N = 7, 18%). 64.1% of the patients experienced dysphagia and ulcerative mass was the most comment endoscopic finding. There was a higher proportion of drinkers (54.1%), betel chewers (21.6%) and smokers (64.9%) among the patients than in the general population in Taiwan. Five patients (12.8%) had been diagnosed with other cancers. Definite chemoradiotherapy (N = 14, 35.9%) and surgery (N = 7, 17.9%) were the major treatment. Patients with Ki-67% above the median level (50%) in the tumors tended to have worse survival (P = 0.06). However, presence of mixed component was not a significant survival predictor in our study (P = 0.56).Conclusion: Mixed component of an esophageal NET is commonly observed. Staged workup and the principle of treatment can follow that for the common cancer type of esophagus. The risk factors and behaviors of esophageal NEC in Taiwan seem to be similar to that of esophageal SCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the existing electrochemical capacitive energy storage electrode materials, the (TiNbTaZrHf)C, (VCrNbMoZr) 2 N, (CoCrFeMnNi) 3 O 4 , (FeCoCrMnMg) 3 O 4 and (FeCoCrMnCuZn) 3 O 4 all have excellent capacitive performance, but the energy density is limited due to the narrow potential window. In order to solve the problem of low energy density of electrochemical supercapacitor, a kind of high-entropy carbides (HEMCs) with broad potential window is designed from generalized analysis of electrochemical window of active elements. This high-entropy carbide contains five active elements of Fe, Co, Cr, Mn and Ni. The prepared HEMC-3 has abundant pores and a specific surface area of 417.8 m2 g−1. The large specific surface area makes the HEMCs have high-rate energy storage performance. Electrochemical tests show that the HEMC-3 presents a potential window of [-1.0, 0.6] versus Hg/HgO, and can obtain a specific capacitance of 169.7 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Due to the designed wide potential window of the prepared HEMCs, the energy density has been greatly improved, which shows a new strategy for developing of electrochemical supercapacitor electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]