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The commercial potential of composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) is significant due to their ability to combine the advantages of both inorganic and polymer solid electrolytes. However, the unstable interface and insufficient ionic conductivity remain important challenges in practical applications of CPEs for achieving high-performance solid-state lithium batteries (SLBs). Herein, we construct a double-layer composite polymer electrolyte (D-CPE) by incorporating nanosized TiO 2 fillers with adjustable concentrations of oxygen vacancies into poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based electrolyte composites. In the D-CPE structure, one CPE layer containing TiO 2 fillers with oxygen vacancies exclusively interfaces with the LiFePO 4 cathode, while the other CPE layer consisting of pristine TiO 2 fillers (with negatively charged surfaces) solely contacts the lithium anode. This design of D-CPE achieves high ionic conductivity, a broad electrochemical window, and interfacial stability without additional resistance at the electrolyte-electrolyte interface simultaneously. The LiFePO 4 /D-CPEs/Li battery exhibits excellent cycling stability at 0.1 C, maintaining a capacity of 157.2 mAh g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 99.1% after 100 cycles. Furthermore, even at 0 °C, it delivers an impressive discharge capacity of 133.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. This work presents a simple and effective approach to achieving superior polymer-based electrolytes for high-performance solid-state lithium batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This review revealed the process of flower morphogenesis and the molecular mechanisms underlying orchid morphogenesis. • The article summarizes reported flower development models in orchids, including structural genes involved in pigment synthesis pathways and transcription factors that regulate orchid flower color formation. • Additionally, the potential correlation between flower morphogenesis and color presentation in orchids is explored, providing theoretical references for genetic improvement and new variety creation. Orchidaceae is one of the largest monocotyledon families and contributes significantly to worldwide biodiversity, with value in the fields of landscaping, medicine, and ecology. The diverse phenotypes and vibrant colors of orchid floral organs make them excellent research objects for investigating flower development and pigmentation. In recent years, a number of orchid genomes have been published, laying the molecular foundation for revealing flower development and color presentation. In this article, we review transcription factors, the structural genes responsible for the floral pigment synthesis pathways, the molecular mechanisms of flower morphogenesis, and the potential relationship between flower type and flower color. This study provides a theoretical reference for the research on molecular mechanisms related to flower morphogenesis and color presentation, genetic improvement, and new variety creation in orchids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regenerable all-round Li–O 2 cathode featuring ultralong cycle life (up to 1423 cycles, 2846 h) and large areal capacity (over 20 mAh cm−2) at high rates (no less than 0.5 mA cm−2) is developed by integrating a series of complementary and comprehensive cathode material design and system engineering strategies. [Display omitted] Lithium–oxygen batteries promise ultrahigh energy density, yet one of the key barriers toward applications is the rapid performance decay during cycling especially at high rates, owing to the sluggish redox kinetics and severe parasitic reactions under elevated overpotentials within the cathode. In face of the above challenge, here we present a carbon nanotube sponge-based high-performance lithium–oxygen cathode by a series of approaches such as tailoring discharge product morphology to lower the overpotential, controlled sponge-compression for high mass loading to facilitate high-rate cycling, gradient electrolyte-immersion to rationally utilize its interior for efficient multiphase transport, and water treating for regenerated use. These 4 methods target different aspects of the electrochemical behavior in a Li–O 2 cathode, thus constituting a complementary and integrated strategy to overcome the challenges in this field. As a result, we achieve simultaneously an ultralong cycle life (1423 cycles, 2846 h) at high rate (0.5 mA cm−2) under low overpotential (charging below 4.0 V throughout 1100 cycles), also with an areal capacity over 20 mAh cm−2 and extended 500 cycles after regeneration. Such an overall performance is much superior to recently developed 3D metal foam or carbon-based cathodes. Our designed sponge cathode represents a promising candidate for developing durable, high-energy and high-power metal–air battery systems, pushing forward their practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Extensive chest wall defect reconstruction remains a challenging problem for surgeons. In the past several years, little progress has been made in this area. In this study, a biodegradable polydioxanone (PDO) mesh and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) seeded with osteogenically induced bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were used to reconstruct a 6cm×5.5cm chest wall defect. Four experimental groups were evaluated (n =6 per group): polydioxanone (PDO) mesh/DBMs/BMSCs group, polydioxanone (PDO) mesh/DBMs group, polydioxanone (PDO) mesh group, and a blank group (no materials) in a canine model. All the animals survived except those in the blank group. In all groups receiving biomaterial implants, the polydioxanone (PDO) mesh completely degraded at 24 weeks and was replaced by fibrous tissue with thickness close to that of the normal intercostal tissue (P >0.05). In the polydioxanone (PDO) mesh/DBMs/BMSCs group, new bone formation and bone-union were observed by radiographic and histological examination. More importantly, the reconstructed rib could maintain its original radian and achieve satisfactory biomechanics close to normal ribs in terms of bending stress (P >0.05). However, in the other two groups, fibrous tissue was observed in the defect and junctions, and the reconstructed ribs were easily distorted under an outer force. Based on these results, a surgical approach utilizing biodegradable polydioxanone (PDO) mesh in combination with DBMs and BMSCs could repair the chest wall defect not only in function but also in structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]