Search

The renewable portfolio standard (RPS), a national policy tool to encourage the progress of renewable energy (RE), aids in the optimization of China's energy structure and the achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality objectives. However, each province's implementation impact varies during the policy-implementation process, and various factors influence the implementation impact. So, this paper constructs a multi-market coupled system dynamics model of the power market, consumption above quota (CAQ) market, and tradeable green certificate (TGC) market to analyze the inner action mechanism of RE consumption and provide policy planning for effectively promoting RPS implementation. The results show that (1) Appropriately raising the RPS quota goal or accelerating the development of RE technology or raising the benchmark price of TGC all promote the growth of installed RE capacity and RE development. (2) Increasing RPS quota targets or fines can stimulate market consumption demand while achieving responsibility for consumption, effectively promoting CAQ and TGC market transactions and further promoting RE consumption. (3) Simultaneously raising the RE quota targets, accelerating the development of RE technologies, and standardizing the management of TGC's benchmark prices would be more conducive to promoting the consumption of RE electricity and advancing the development of RE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis are used in this paper. • We found 7 pharmacodynamics biomarkers in plasma and 6 pharmacodynamics biomarkers in urine. • Amino acid metabolism pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism pathway. • Biological network, canonical pathways and functions related to the Pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Abstract Moutan Cortex charcoal (MCC), the processed root bark of Paeonia suff ;ruticosa Andrews (Paeoniaceae), is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been used for treating blood-heat and hemorrhage(BHH)syndrome in China for thousands of years. In order to explore potential metabolic mechanism, 1H NMR-based metabonomics technique was applied to evaluate the effect of MCC on metabolic changes in plasma and urine of BHH rat models. Serum and urine samples were obtained from male SD rats with normal group, model group and MCC group for study. Based on 1H NMR spectra obtained from plasma and urine samples, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models were capable of distinguishing the three group. And the 13 pharmacodynamic biomarkers of MCC were identified in the plasma and urine. The results showed that BHH induced great metabolic disorders in plasma and urine metabolisms. However, MCC could reverse the imbalanced metabolites by alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism and citrate cycle (TCA cycle) pathway, and its effect was also confirmed by the general signs and pharmacodynamics assessments. The results indicated that NMR-based metabolomic profiling method is sensitive and specific enough to evaluate the MCC efficacy and mechanism of action on BHH syndromes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]