1,421 results
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2. Paper 2: Conceptualizing the Transition from Advanced to Consultant Practitioner: Role Clarity, Self-perception, and Adjustment.
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Hardy, Maryann and Nightingale, Julie
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VOCATIONAL guidance ,ADAPTABILITY (Personality) ,INTERVIEWING ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,SELF-perception ,QUALITATIVE research ,OCCUPATIONAL roles ,RADIOLOGIC technologists ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2014
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3. A role for epistemic trust in speech-language pathology: A tutorial paper.
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Clarke, Angela, Meredith, Pamela J., Rose, Tanya A., and Daubney, Michael
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COMMUNICATIVE competence , *TRUST , *CLIENT relations , *SPEECH therapists , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
This paper provides an introduction to epistemic trust for speech-language pathologists (SLPs). ‘Epistemic trust’ describes a specific form of trust that an individual places in others when learning about the world, particularly the social world. To date, the relevance of epistemic trust to SLP clinical practice has received little theoretical or empirical attention. The aim of this paper is to define epistemic trust and explain its relationship with parent-child attachment and mentalization which have, in turn, been linked with language development and use. Suggestions are made for ways in which SLPs may encourage epistemic trust in clients, emphasizing the need to establish strong therapeutic alliances. The authors conclude that epistemic trust is an important consideration for SLPs and that further research exploring the relationship between epistemic trust and language skills is needed to better understand the interplay of these variables and inform clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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4. Parenting in youth sport: A position paper on parenting expertise.
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Harwood, Chris G. and Knight, Camilla J.
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SPORTS events , *ABILITY , *ADOLESCENCE , *CHILD development , *EMOTIONS , *INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems , *PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems , *INTELLECT , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *PARENTING , *ROLE models , *SELF-management (Psychology) , *SPORTS , *SPORTS psychology , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *EVIDENCE-based medicine , *PROFESSIONAL practice , *SOCIAL support , *SPORTS participation , *ATHLETIC associations , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objectives In line with the aims of this special issue, the purpose of this paper is to forward a position on the concept of sport parenting expertise through the presentation of six key postulates. Design Literature review and position statement. Method By adopting methods associated with an academic position paper, a statement is presented that we believe encapsulates sport parenting expertise. Six key postulates of parenting expertise, formulated from critically reviewing and interpreting relevant literature, are then presented. Results We propose that sport parenting expertise is dependent on the degree to which parents demonstrate a range of competencies; namely that parents, (a) select appropriate sporting opportunities and provide necessary types of support, (b) understand and apply appropriate parenting styles, (c) manage the emotional demands of competitions, (d) foster healthy relationships with significant others, (e) manage organizational and developmental demands associated with sport participation, and, (f) adapt their involvement to different stages of their child's athletic career. Conclusion Expertise in sport parenting requires parents to develop knowledge and utilize a range of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational skills in order to support their child, manage themselves, and operate effectively in the wider youth sport environment. Recommendations for applied researchers to further investigate these postulates and substantiate the components of sport parenting expertise are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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5. Doing Heideggerian hermeneutic research: A discussion paper
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Smythe, Elizabeth A., Ironside, Pamela M., Sims, Sharon L., Swenson, Melinda M., and Spence, Deborah G.
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THEORY of knowledge , *CONSCIOUSNESS , *PSYCHOLOGY , *PHILOSOPHY , *METAPHYSICS , *INTELLECT - Abstract
Abstract: Background: Much has been published related to the epistemology of Heideggerian hermeneutic research. We seek to reveal insights from our experience of enacting such research. Objective: To articulate the lived experience of ‘doing’ Heideggerian hermeneutic research. Design: The authors of this paper shared their experiences with the primary author towards articulating the process of ‘doing’ such research. Participants: The authors all have long experience with Heideggerian hermeneutic research and meet regularly at the Institute for Interpretive Phenomenology. They supervise student''s research and are mindful of the process of coming to understand how to work in a phenomenological/hermeneutic manner. Methods: First the section on philosophical underpinnings was written by the primary author and then shared with all authors. There was published data related to the experience of three of the participants already available. This provided a spring board to further conversations when the primary author visited America, able to engage in daily conversations with three of the co-authors. In the spirit of phenomenology this paper represents a process of reading, talking, writing, talking, reading, re-writing, re-talking and so forth. Results: The process of doing hermeneutic phenomenology is represented as a journey of ‘thinking’ in which researchers are caught up in a cycle of reading-writing-dialogue- which spirals onwards. Through such disciplined and committed engagement insights ‘come’. The researcher is always open to questions, and to following a felt-sense of what needs to happen next. However, it is not a process of ‘do whatever you like’ but rather a very attentive attunement to ‘thinking’ and listening to how the texts speak. Conclusion: This paper argues that alongside a disciplined understanding of the methodology, both researcher and reader need to share a commitment to ‘thinking’ which is willing to question, and open to trusting the resonance of understanding that ‘comes’ without expecting answers that are declared ‘truth’ for all time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2008
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6. Criteria of the peer review process for publication of experimental and quasi-experimental research in Psychology: A guide for creating research papers.
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Ramos-Álvarez, Manuel M., Moreno-Fernáde, Maria M., Valdés-Conroy, Berenice, and Catena, Andrés
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PSYCHOLOGICAL research , *PROFESSIONAL peer review , *REPORT writing , *EXPERIMENTAL design , *RECORDS management - Abstract
Experimental research in Psychology is characterized by ensuring a method that guarantees objectivity, reliability, validity and replication of results. In this theoretical study we propose a set of criteria for the preparation and review of quasi-experimental and experimental research manuscripts, which follows such methodological objective dictates. These criteria are based on a review of structural aspects in experimental research, in the modern theory of psychological theorization, and in the validity theory of scientific research. All these aspects are complemented with those proposed in revisions about empirically-based, statistically-based peer-review systems, and recently refined according to the expert judgment approach. We distinguish between essential, obligatory, complementary, and methodological criteria. These norms are organized according to a measuring tool -the ExperimenCheck2 system-, including report characteristics, antecedents, theoretical development, design, analysis and interpretation of results, format and bibliographical sources, also summarized in the form of a conceptual map. We also introduce the general guidelines of a reviewing process that fulfils scientific criteria, using the proposed evaluative guideline as the main organizing principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
7. White paper: value of specialty certification in pharmacy.
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Pradel, Françoise G., Palumbo, Francis B., Flowers, Louis, Mullins, C. Daniel, Haines, Stuart T., Roffman, David S., and Pradel, Françoise G
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CERTIFICATION ,PHARMACY ,PHARMACEUTICAL industry ,PHARMACEUTICAL policy ,PHARMACEUTICAL services ,PHARMACISTS ,PHARMACOLOGY ,PROFESSIONAL associations ,JOB performance ,ACCREDITATION ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Objective: To address the value of Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties (BPS) certification, particularly as perceived by different stakeholders (pharmacists, employers, government, and academia), and to draw a parallel between specialization and certification in pharmacy and in medicine.Data Sources: Electronic databases (Medline, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts), associations/health care organizations Web sites, outside reports, and clinical pharmacists involved in certification processes.Study Selection: Studies and reports that addressed the value of specialty certification were selected by the authors.Data Extraction: By the authors.Data Synthesis: Pharmacists with specialty certification report enhanced feelings of self-worth, improved competence, and greater marketability. Other values of certification include increased acceptance by health care professionals, salary increases, and job promotions. Employers have acknowledged board-certified pharmacists through public recognition, increase in responsibility, and some types of monetary compensation. In some governmental organizations, certified pharmacists receive salary raises and are granted prescribing authority. However, the overall value of specialty certification in pharmacy as perceived by the public or payers lags behind when compared with the status of specialty certification in medicine.Conclusion: Board-certified pharmacists appreciate the value of pharmacy specialty certification, and in a number of organizations and practice settings, board-certified pharmacists are perceived as valuable. Still, unlike board-certified physicians, board-certified pharmacists are not widely recognized outside or even within the pharmacy profession. To address this challenge, board-certified pharmacists ought to market their services to assure that other stakeholders recognize their value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
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8. May I know my EQ? Factors to automate EQ prediction using technology.
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Karani, Ruhina and Desai, Sharmishta
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EMOTIONAL intelligence , *EMOTIONS , *ELECTRONIC paper , *DEEP learning , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Abstract
Emotional intelligence (EI) involves recognizing, regulating, and understanding emotions in oneself and others, enabling effective relationship management. Emotional Intelligence acts as a differentiator in both personal and professional lives. Nevertheless, many people lack the ability of conveying and interpreting human emotions efficiently due to which they fall short in their social and professional lives. However, this can be improved if people know their Emotional Quotient (EQ) score and work towards improving it by implementing certain skills. Although traditional methods for measuring EQ exist, majority of them are manual and are built on self-efficacy based questionnaire which are often susceptible to faking. In order to overcome these lacuna, this paper proposes a digital approach that can be used for an automatic evaluation of EQ of a person via audio visual signal input. The paper devises four major factors self-awareness, self-regulation, self-motivation and social relationships with their weightages that can be utilised for automatic evaluation through the use of technology. The paper also proposes quantifiable parameters for measuring these factors. The proposed criteria were developed with the emergence of deep learning and its applicability in assessing a person's EQ in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. The association between insecurity and subjective well-being among youth during the COVID-19 outbreak: A moderated mediation model
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Jianli Zhu, Yujia He, Bin Zuo, Shi Han, Wenlin Ke, Hanxue Ye, and Fangfang Wen
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Youth ,Adolescent ,Psychological intervention ,Computer-assisted web interviewing ,Developmental psychology ,Disease Outbreaks ,Hope ,Young Adult ,Moderated mediation ,medicine ,Humans ,Subjective well-being ,Pandemics ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Public health ,COVID-19 ,Insecurity ,Mental health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Mental Health ,Scale (social sciences) ,Positive psychology ,Psychology ,Research Paper - Abstract
Background Sudden and unpredictable changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have profoundly threatened the psychological well-being and increased insecurity among adolescents worldwide. At a critical developmental stage, the well-being of the youth is more vulnerable to adverse environments. This study constructed a moderated mediation model to explore the buffering factors between insecurity and subjective well-being of the youth during the pandemic. Methods During the COVID-19 outbreak in June 2020, data of 5,503 Chinese youth (15–29 years old) were collected via an online questionnaire. Subjective well-being, insecurity, self-control, and hope were measured, and the moderated mediation model was analyzed. Results Findings from this study showed that with the mediating effect of self-control, insecurity negatively predicted subjective well-being, and hope moderated the association between insecurity and self-control. Specifically, the link between insecurity and self-control was stronger when hope was low but weaker when hope was high. Limitations Since this study was mainly conducted in China, and considering the continuous change of the pandemic on a global scale, it is of great significance to conduct cross-cultural and cross-time studies in the future. Conclusions The results demonstrate that self-control and hope play important roles in buffering the negative effects of insecurity on the subjective well-being of adolescents and young adults. The findings provide implications for reducing the negative impact of insecurity from a positive psychology perspective and for youth mental health interventions during public health crises.
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- 2021
10. The role of equanimity in mediating the relationship between psychological distress and social isolation during COVID-19
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Benjamin R. Walker and Lisa M. Mann
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Equanimity ,Adult ,Social isolation ,Mindfulness ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Loneliness ,Psychological intervention ,COVID-19 ,Psychological distress ,Affect (psychology) ,Mental health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,medicine ,Anxiety ,Humans ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,Clinical psychology ,Research Paper - Abstract
Background Social isolation and the impact on mental health is a major concern during COVID-19. Trait equanimity is expected to protect individuals from psychological distress associated with social isolation. The aim of this study is to examine the link between social isolation and psychological distress via the mediator equanimity. It was hypothesised that objective (few social contacts) and perceived social isolation (loneliness) would predict psychological distress and that equanimity would mediate these relationships. Methods Five hundred and seventy-eight adult United States participants were recruited and completed measures of objective social isolation and perceived social isolation (De Jong Gierveld Social Isolation scale), trait equanimity (Phenomenological Experience of Meditative Equanimity Scale), and psychological distress (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, Short Form, DASS-21). Results Objective social isolation negatively predicted psychological distress, but equanimity did not mediate this relationship. Perceived social isolation positively predicted psychological distress and equanimity mediated this relationship. Limitations This study is limited by its cross-sectional and self-report design and by a United States sample, which may affect the generalisability of findings. Conclusions Rather than a lack of social contact it is the "perceived" nature of isolation that is related to psychological distress and this relationship indirectly operates through trait equanimity. Individuals high in trait equanimity may be better protected from the impact of perceived social isolation. Clinical interventions can be adapted to include equanimity skills to mitigate perceived social isolation for individuals and reduce adverse outcomes.
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- 2021
11. Measuring COVID-19 related anxiety and obsession: Validation of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale and the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale in a probability Chinese sample
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Kwok Kit Tong, Anise M. S. Wu, Xiaoyu Su, Juliet Honglei Chen, and Eilo Wing-yat Yu
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Predictive validity ,Adult ,Male ,China ,Concurrent validity ,Anxiety ,Assessment ,Obsession ,Mental distress ,medicine ,Humans ,Measurement invariance ,Pandemics ,Language ,Probability ,Pandemic ,Depression ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Reproducibility of Results ,COVID-19 ,Mental health ,Coronavirus ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Distress ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Scale (social sciences) ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Obsessive Behavior ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology ,Research Paper - Abstract
Background With concern over the rise in mental health symptoms associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, the present study set out to address the absence of pandemic-specific screening tools for detecting those in Chinese societies who are at-risk for experiencing mental distress due to the pandemic; thus, its aim was to validate the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) in Chinese adults. Methods With a two-stage cluster random sampling method, we surveyed 1011 Chinese community-dwelling adults (38.8% men; 41.2 years old on average with an SD of 15.8) in June and July of 2020. Results Our psychometric evaluation results showed that the Chinese version of CAS and OCS retained their original one-dimensional structure and demonstrated measurement invariance across genders. In line with validation studies of the CAS and OCS in other languages, subsequent analyses also provided support to our Chinese version with respect to their satisfactory internal consistency (α = .87 and .73, respectively), and good concurrent validity (i.e., positive associations with negative feelings, excessive time-consumption, subjective distress, and functioning impairment). Limitations Due to constraints of time and cross-sectional design, we only validated CAS and OCS among Chinese adults and did not evaluate their test-retest reliability nor predictive validity. Conclusions Considering the practical benefits of understanding the source of mental symptoms during the pandemic, we recommend the use of CAS and OCS in Chinese communities to facilitate early identification and intervention for those who require clinical attention due to their COVID-19 related anxiety and obsessive thoughts.
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- 2021
12. Network analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic✰
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Yan-Jie Zhao, Zong-Mei Ge, Hai-Tao Xi, Qianqian Zhu, Yu-Tao Xiang, Hongyan Zhang, Mengmeng Ji, Pan Chen, Lin Han, Feng-Rong An, Wei Bai, Zhiwen Wang, Shuo Liu, Hong Cai, Todd Jackson, Bing-Xiang Yang, Li Chen, Rui Liu, Yi-Lang Tang, and Teris Cheung
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media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,Anxiety ,Irritability ,Nursing ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Pandemics ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,Depression ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Anhedonia ,COVID-19 ,Mental health ,Patient Health Questionnaire ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Network analysis ,Students, Nursing ,medicine.symptom ,Worry ,Nursing students ,Psychology ,Research Paper - Abstract
Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the mental health and well-being of medical personnel, including nursing students. Network analysis provides a deeper characterization of symptom-symptom interactions in mental disorders. The aim of this study was to elucidate characteristics of anxiety and depressive symptom networks of Chinese nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A total of 932 nursing students were included. Anxiety and depressive symptom were measured using the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and two-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), respectively. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were identified via centrality indices and bridge centrality indices, respectively. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure. Results: Irritability, Uncontrollable worry, Trouble relaxing, and Depressed mood had the highest centrality values. Three bridge symptoms (Depressed mood, Nervousness, and Anhedonia) were also identified. Neither gender nor region of residence was associated with network global strength, distribution of edge weights or individual edge weights. Limitations: Data were collected in a cross-sectional study design, therefore, causal relations and dynamic changes between anxiety and depressive symptoms over time could not be inferred. Generalizability of findings may be limited to Chinese nursing students during a particular phase of the current pandemic. Conclusions: Irritability, Uncontrollable worry, Trouble relaxing, and Depressed mood constituted central symptoms maintaining the anxiety-depression network structure of Chinese nursing students during the pandemic. Timely, systemic multi-level interventions targeting central symptoms and bridge symptoms may be effective in alleviating co-occurring experiences of anxiety and depression in this population.
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- 2021
13. The roles of stress, coping, and parental support in adolescent psychological well-being in the context of COVID-19: A daily-diary study
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Allison M. Belmont, Keri A. Plevniak, Juan Del Toro, Christina L. Scanlon, Angela L. Zhang, Sarah E. Voltin, Ming-Te Wang, and Jacqueline D. Schall
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Male ,Parents ,Longitudinal study ,Coping (psychology) ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Context (language use) ,Affect (psychology) ,Stress ,Psychological well-being ,Social support ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,media_common ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Stressor ,COVID-19 ,Parental support ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Female ,Psychological resilience ,Coping ,Psychology ,Psychosocial ,Stress, Psychological ,Clinical psychology ,Research Paper - Abstract
Background COVID-19 has introduced novel stressors into American adolescents’ lives. Studies have shown that adolescents adopt an array of coping mechanisms and social supports when contending with stress. It is unclear, though, which strategies are most effective in mitigating daily pandemic-related stress, as few micro-longitudinal studies have explored adolescents’ daily affect during COVID-19. Parental support may also be a critical component of adolescents’ pandemic-related coping, as adolescents’ peer networks have been limited by public health measures. Methods This longitudinal study examined links between stress, coping, parental support, and affect across 14 consecutive days and 6216 assessments from a national sample of adolescents (N=444; Mage=15.0; 60% female; 44% Black/African American, 39% White/Europen American, 9% Latinx, 6% Asian American, 2% Native American) during school closures and state-mandated stay-at-home orders between April 8 and April 21, 2021. Results Adolescents’ health and financial stress predicted increases in same-day (health stress’ effect size = .16; financial stress’ effect size = .11) and next-day negative affect (health stress’ effect size = .05; financial stress’ effect size = .08). Adolescents’ secondary control engagement coping predicted increases in same-day (effect size = .10) and next-day (effect size = .04) positive affect and moderated the link between health stress and negative affect. Parental social support predicted increases in same-day (effect size = .26) and next-day (effect size = .06) positive affect and decreases in same-day (effect size = .17) negative affect and moderated the link between financial stress and negative affect. Limitations Results are indicative of conditions at the immediate onset of COVID-19 and should be interpreted as such. Conclusions Findings provide information as to how health providers and parents can help adolescents mitigate the impact of COVID-19-related health and economic stressors on their psychological well-being. It remains critical to monitor the psychosocial impact of the pandemic on adolescents’ affect while continuing to identify personal and environmental protective factors for reducing harm and maximizing resilience.
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- 2021
14. Social Isolation and Anxiety Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown in China
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Flavio F. Marsiglia, Shiyou Wu, Mengni Yao, Wenjie Duan, and Chunxia Deng
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China ,Psychological intervention ,Interpersonal communication ,medicine ,Humans ,Social isolation ,Location ,Child ,Pandemics ,Pandemic ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,medicine.disease ,Mental health ,Anxiety Disorders ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Propensity score matching ,Quarantine ,Communicable Disease Control ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Anxiety disorder ,Clinical psychology ,Research Paper - Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures have had a profound impact on the emotions, anxiety, and mental health of affected communities. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge about the possible generational and geographical differences in the effects on the mental health of individuals. This study examines the impact of COVID-19 related quarantine on symptoms of generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) among parents and children (N = 4503). It also compares the outcomes of residents from the initial COVID-19 epicenter of Wuhan to those in surrounding areas. Subgroup analyses were conducted by child and parent samples, and by Wuhan city and other cities in the Hubei province. Propensity score radius matching and ordinary least squares regressions were used to examine the relationship between quarantine and GAD symptoms. Results showed that quarantine had more psychological impact on parents than children, regardless of geographic location. Parents that experienced quarantine in Wuhan city, reported a significantly higher level of symptoms of GAD than those that did not. Parents from other cities showed no such difference. For both children and parents, interpersonal communication about COVID-19 and social media exposure to pandemic-related information were linked to GAD symptoms. Targeted policies and interventions are needed to address the psychological impacts of COVID-19 lockdown.
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- 2021
15. Coping strategies, cyberbullying behaviors, and depression among Chinese netizens during the COVID-19 pandemic: a web-based nationwide survey
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Fan Yang
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Adult ,Male ,Coping (psychology) ,China ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,Psychological intervention ,Cyberbullying ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Pandemic ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Humans ,Young adult ,Pandemics ,Aged ,Coping strategies ,Aged, 80 and over ,Governance ,Internet ,Depression ,Social distance ,Stressor ,Questionnaire ,COVID-19 ,Middle Aged ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Stigma ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Female ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology ,Research Paper - Abstract
Highlights • A two-factor structure applied to participants’ coping strategies, namely problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping, and the former was more adopted. • Problem-focused coping was associated with less cyberbullying behaviors while had no correlation with depression. • Emotion-focused coping was found positively correlated with cyberbullying and depression. • The association between emotion-focused coping and depression was mediated by cyberbullying., Background: As a major life stressor now, the COVID-19 pandemic could substantially increase risks of cyberbullying and depression for global people, especially in the context of increased digital interconnectedness and strict social distancing. Though people are adopting different coping strategies, still little is known about their cyberbullying and depression and how the two associated with coping strategies. Methods: A web-based nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted among 5,608 netizens during the peak time of COVID-19 in China. The study collected cross-sectional data on participants’ coping strategies, general cyberbullying behaviors, cyberbullying behaviors specifically to residents of Hubei Province where first COVID-19 case was reported, and depression. Results: A two-factor structure applied to participants’ coping strategies, namely problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping, and the former was more adopted. There existed gender, age, education, and income differences in the coping strategies. Problem-focused coping was associated with less cyberbullying behaviors while had no correlation with depression; emotion-focused coping was found positively correlated with cyberbullying and depression. The association between emotion-focused coping and depression was mediated by cyberbullying. Limitations: The study used cross-sectional design, and its findings should be cautioned to be generalized to other countries, due to the differences in culture, stage of crisis, and government policies on COVID-19. Conclusions: Problem-focused coping was associated with less cyberbullying, and emotion-focused coping predicted cyberbullying and depression. Cyberbullying mediated the correlation between emotion-focused coping and depression. These findings provide new perspectives for interventions on people's coping strategies towards COVID-19 pandemic.
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- 2020
16. Depression outcome in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Zhang, Yang, Feng, Meining, Gao, Yufang, Zhang, Minjie, and Zhang, Zhiya
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• Adverse psychological conditions are present in women who experience recurrent spontaneous abortions; depression was the most prevalent. • In this meta -analysis, women with recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) were associated with a significantly increased risk of depression when compared with women without RSA. • Women who had been married for longer than three years, three spontaneous abortions, and induced abortions had a higher prevalence of depression. Nonetheless, the risk of depression was significantly lower in women who had previously given birth to living children. It is widely recognized that depression is highly prevalent among women experiencing recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), exerting detrimental effects on both the individual and the family. To assess the depression risk and associated factors among women with RSA. Data sources. Our search strategy encompassed PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WANFANG. The research was conducted in May 2022. We included both randomized and nonrandomized studies that reported the prevalence of depression among women with RSA. Data extraction and synthesis. Two independent evaluators reviewed the titles and abstracts, assessed the full-text papers, extracted data from the included studies, and evaluated their quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). We performed random-effects meta -analyses to pool the data. Odds ratios (ORs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were combined based on effect sizes for binary and continuous outcomes. Main outcomes. To conduct a meta-analysis to understand the risk of depression in women with RSA who were not treated with psychiatric medications, as well as an analysis of potential factors for depressive symptoms. Out of the initially identified 527 papers, a total of 20 studies (N = 13087) that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. Compared to healthy controls, patients with RSA had a significantly higher risk of depression (OR: 4.26, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 2.44–7.41; SMD: 0.89, 95 % CI: 0.51–1.26). The occurrence of depression among RSA patients was found to be significantly associated with several factors including the severity of depressive symptoms (OR: 3.82, 95 % CI: 2.22–6.59), number of spontaneous miscarriages (SMD: 0.59, 95 % CI: 0.01–1.18), history of therapeutic termination of pregnancy (SMD: 0.20, 95 % CI: 0.09–0.32), history of live birth (SMD: −0.32, 95 % CI: −0.49-−0.15), and duration of marriage (SMD: 0.15, 95 % CI: 0.02–0.27). In clinical practice, it is crucial to provide appropriate psychological interventions for women undergoing RSA. These individuals face a significantly heightened risk of depression, which exhibits strong correlations with various demographic factors such as the severity of depressive symptoms, history of both spontaneous miscarriages and therapeutic termination of pregnancy, number of live births, and duration of marriage. Consequently, women who are suffering RSA deserves more assistance and emotional support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. Call for papers: Special issue on evolutionary game theory of small groups and their larger societies.
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Grigolini, Paolo
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GAME theory , *SOCIAL groups , *PSYCHOLOGY , *SOCIOLOGY , *CHAOS theory - Abstract
This is a call for papers that should contribute to the unification of behavioral sciences and team management, focusing on the biological origin of cooperation and swarm intelligence, moving from biology to psychology and from sociology to political science, with the help of the theoretical tools of complex networks. This issue should shed light into the origin of ergodicity breaking and contribute to establishing a connection, still lacking theoretical support, between complexity properties that are expected to be correlated. Examples are: non-Poisson renewal events and multi-fractality; complexity matching and chaos synchronization; criticality and extended criticality of small size systems. Although the emphasis is on systems of small size, and especially on the search of the size maximizing both information transport and cooperation emergence, special attention will be devoted to the interaction between small groups and their larger societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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18. Feelings of Fear, Sadness, and Loneliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from two studies in the UK
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Emma Mullings, Antonia Ypsilanti, Oliver Hawkins, and Lambros Lazuras
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Emotional Stroop Task ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Population ,Anger ,Anxiety ,Arousal ,Affective Responses ,Image Rating Task ,Sadness ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Pandemics ,media_common ,education.field_of_study ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Loneliness ,COVID-19 ,Fear ,United Kingdom ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Prosocial behavior ,Pro-social Behaviours ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Stroop effect ,Clinical psychology ,Research Paper - Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, exposure to COVID-related stimuli, has been enormous. Exposure to threat-related stimuli, can have a significant impact on people's wellbeing particularly in relation to COVID-related anxiety. The present research comprises two empirical studies. In Study 1, a newly developed Emotional Stroop Task (EST) and an Image Rating Task (IRT) were used to assess, automatic and non-automatic affective responses to COVID-related words and images during the first wave of the pandemic in the UK general population. In Study 2, the same tasks were used to evaluate the affective responses of University students during the second wave of the pandemic. Additionally, loneliness and pro-social behaviours were explored in relation COVID-related anxiety in the same population. Overall, the results showed that automatic affective responses as measured by interference effects on the EST, remained unaffected during the pandemic. However, non-automatic affective responses to COVID-related images measured by the IRT, indicated that participants rated these images as more fearful sadder and higher in anger, compared to non-COVID negative images matched for arousal and negativity and this was more evident in people with high COVID-anxiety. Trait anxiety was related to higher levels of loneliness, more prosocial behaviour and higher intentions to help others, while COVID-related anxiety mediated these effects, suggesting that for high levels of trait anxiety, participants were more likely to have helped someone in need during the pandemic when their COVID-anxiety levels were low.
- Published
- 2021
19. Modelling the contribution of the Big Five personality traits, health anxiety, and COVID-19 psychological distress to generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic
- Author
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Marcantonio M. Spada, Dawn M. Leach, Ana V. Nikčević, Daniel C. Kolubinski, and Claudia Marino
- Subjects
Agreeableness ,Adult ,Male ,Personality Inventory ,Big Five personality traits ,generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms ,psychology ,Anxiety ,Psychological Distress ,Extraversion, Psychological ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Openness to experience ,medicine ,COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome ,Humans ,Coronavirus (COVID-19) ,Coronavirus anxiety ,health anxiety ,COVID-19 ,Depression ,Female ,Neuroticism ,Pandemics ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Personality ,Extraversion ,Extraversion and introversion ,health ,Conscientiousness ,030227 psychiatry ,Patient Health Questionnaire ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Psychological ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Research Paper ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Highlights • First study to examine the contribution of the Big 5 personality traits, health anxiety, and COVID-19 psychological distress to generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms. • COVID-19 psychological distress predicts generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms beyond all other variables. • Specific personality traits appear to be protective of COVID-19 psychological distress., In the current study we sought to extend our understanding of vulnerability and protective factors (the Big Five personality traits, health anxiety, and COVID-19 psychological distress) in predicting generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (n = 502), who were United States residents, completed a variety of sociodemographic questions and the following questionnaires: Big Five Inventory‐10 (BFI-10), Whitley Index 7 (WI-7), Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS), COVID-19 Anxiety Syndrome Scale (C19-ASS), and Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS). Results showed that extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness were negatively correlated with generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms and that neuroticism, health anxiety and both measures of COVID-19 psychological distress were positively correlated with generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms. We used path analysis to determine the pattern of relationships specified by the theoretical model we proposed. Results showed that health anxiety, COVID-19 anxiety, and the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome partially mediated the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms. Specifically, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were negatively associated with the three mediators, which, in turn, were positively associated with generalised anxiety and depressive symptoms, with COVID-19 anxiety showing the strongest effect. Conversely, neuroticism and openness were positively associated with COVID-19 anxiety and the COVID-19 anxiety syndrome, respectively. These relationships were independent of age, gender, employment status and risk status. The model accounted for a substantial variance of generalised anxiety and depression symptoms (R2 = .75). The implications of these findings are discussed.
- Published
- 2021
20. Do social isolation and neighborhood walkability influence relationships between COVID-19 experiences and wellbeing in predominantly Black urban areas?
- Author
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Madhumita Ghosh-Dastidar, Wendy M. Troxel, Robin L. Beckman, Rebecca L. Collins, Melissa L. Finucane, and Tamara Dubowitz
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Social isolation ,Ecology ,Public health ,COVID-19 ,Walkability ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Moderation ,Mental health ,Urban Studies ,Risk perception ,Residential segregation in the United States ,Black ,Environmental health ,Pandemic ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Urban health ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Research Paper - Abstract
Black Americans have been disproportionately affected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) pandemic. Since the pandemic's start, we have observed compounded health, social, and economic impacts for communities of color, fueled in part by profound residential segregation in the United States that, for centuries prior to the pandemic, created differences in access to opportunity and resources. Based on a longitudinal cohort of Black residents living in two racially isolated Pittsburgh neighborhoods, we sought to: 1) describe the experiences of behavioral responses to COVID-19 conditions (e.g., closures of businesses, schools, government offices) and illness experiences reported by residents within these disinvested, urban areas and 2) determine if these experiences were associated with perceptions of risk, negative mental health outcomes, and food insecurity; and 3) examine whether any of the associations were explained by social isolation or modified by neighborhood walkability. We found direct associations between residents' experience with COVID-19-related closures and with the illness, with perceived risk, and change in psychological distress, sleep quality, and food insecurity from pre-COVID-19 levels. Social isolation was a statistically significant mediator of all of these associations, most strongly mediating the pathway to psychological distress. We found neighborhood walkability to be a significant moderator of the association between closure experiences and sleep quality. The results suggest that experiences of COVID-19 closures and illness were associated with serious threats to public health in Black, disinvested, urban neighborhoods, beyond those caused directly by the virus. Outcomes of the pandemic appear very much dependent on the extent to which social and physical resources are available to meet the demands of stress.
- Published
- 2021
21. Psychologists as Pivotal Members of the Pediatric Palliative Care Team.
- Author
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Thompson, Amanda L., Kentor, Rachel A., Schaefer, Megan R., and McCarthy, Sarah R.
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- *
MENTAL health promotion , *PEDIATRIC therapy , *PSYCHOLOGISTS , *PALLIATIVE treatment , *MENTAL illness , *QUALITY of life - Abstract
Pediatric psychologists possess unique expertise to positively impact the care provided to children with serious illness and their families. Despite increasing recognition regarding the value of psychology in palliative care, psychologists are not yet routinely integrated into pediatric palliative care (PPC) teams. This special paper seeks to demonstrate distinctive contributions psychologists can offer to PPC teams, patients, and families, as well as highlight how psychologists enhance the work of their interdisciplinary PPC colleagues. Existing literature, consensus and policy statements, and recently developed competencies inform and provide evidence for the value of incorporating psychologists into PPC. As children with serious illness are at risk for mental and physical health symptoms, psychologists' specialized training in evidence-based assessment and intervention allows them to assess areas of concern, create treatment plans, and implement nonpharmacological therapies targeting symptom management and promotion of quality of life. By improving patient and family outcomes, psychology involvement saves money. In addition to clinical care, psychologists are skilled researchers, which can help to advance PPC interdisciplinary research. Lastly, psychologists can play a valuable role in contributing to PPC team education, dynamics, and well-being. With strong skills in research, clinical care, education, and advocacy, pediatric psychologists are exceptionally equipped to provide care to children with serious illness and their families. Given their unique contributions, it is critical future efforts are directed towards advocating for the inclusion of psychologists into PPC, with the ultimate goal of improving care for children with serious illness and their families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Learning from the past: How lessons from Hinman syndrome can inform the psychological management of lower urinary tract dysfunction.
- Author
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Dawson, Anne, Hayes, Lillian C., Papadakis, Jaclyn L., and McLeod, Daryl
- Abstract
Pediatric patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) experience a variety of medical and psychosocial concerns that can negatively impact their clinical management and quality of life. When initially described by Drs Hinman and Baumann, patients with a form of severe LUTD, later dubbed Hinman syndrome, were characterized as having a "general attitude of being failures." While this mention was noteworthy as it incorporated an understanding of the interplay between psychological factors and urologic conditions, there have been delays in implementing psychological intervention as a standard of care in patients with LUTD broadly, and perhaps too keen of a focus on youth diagnosed with Hinman syndrome specifically. A non-systematic reviewed of LUTD related to psychological management was performed. Clinical recommendations were developed by a multicenter and multidisciplinary team of care providers with topic expertise. The aim of this paper is to propose a systems thinking paradigm for how to involve psychology, or psychological principles, across the spectrum of patients with LUTD with the hope of improving attention to specific aspects of care that may improve clinical management. Children across the spectrum of LUTD are likely to benefit from psychological interventions and would benefit from such involvement early on to mitigate the impact of psychosocial concerns on medical outcomes. Pediatric psychologists are well-suited to identify and provide individualized care to patients in greatest need of intervention, such as through pre-procedural preparedness, addressing non-adherence, and with the use of evidence-based, targeted mental health interventions. Psychologists are also apt at implementing interventions while taking into consideration the severity of LUTD, in the context of the patient's psychological, developmental, cultural, familial, and social determinants of health considerations. Youth with severe forms of LUTD, such as Hinman syndrome, likely exemplify the challenges of LUTD that benefit from multidisciplinary intervention. Medical and psychological collaboration are key to ensuring symptom mitigation and emotional support for patients across the entire spectrum of LUTD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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23. The history of international traffic and transport psychology: How a few created a conference, division, and journal for the many.
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Porter, Bryan E.
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- *
APPLIED psychology , *ASSOCIATION of ideas , *PSYCHOLOGY , *HISTORY associations , *PUBLIC records - Abstract
• A brief history of international traffic and transport psychology's three organizational pillars is presented. • The narrative focuses on the development of the International Conference on Traffic and Transport Psychology, Division 13 of the International Association of Applied Psychology, and Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. • Scholars critical to the founding of these organizations are highlighted. At the 7th International Conference on Traffic and Transport Psychology (ICTTP), I made a comment that our special issue to come from 10 selected papers could be augmented by one more: a brief history of ICTTP, its home division (Division 13 of the International Association of Applied Psychology, or IAAP), and flagship journal (Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour , or TRF). This paper is the result of that suggestion. What follows is not an empirical article that readers are accustomed to finding in TRF. It is a narrative that introduces readers to a few key individuals and moments in time that were critical in the creation of these three components of the traffic psychology discipline. The history in this paper could not be comprehensive, for as I explored the public record and spoke with or received email communications and documents from 12 individuals who were among the founders or knew critical details about their actions, I discovered there is so much more material worthy of exploration than could be addressed in this one manuscript. Alas, I am limited to introducing our historical organization only as a launching point for readers and me to have a foundation to research more. Readers will learn (and for some be reminded) of the discipline's international organizational roots. We as a community have benefited in significant ways from these founding members. It is time to give them their due. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. A Proposal for the Retrospective Identification and Categorization of Older People With Functional Impairments in Scientific Studies—Recommendations of the Medication and Quality of Life in Frail Older Persons (MedQoL) Research Group.
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Brefka, Simone, Dallmeier, Dhayana, Mühlbauer, Viktoria, von Arnim, Christine A.F., Bollig, Claudia, Onder, Graziano, Petrovic, Mirko, Schönfeldt-Lecuona, Carlos, Seibert, Moritz, Torbahn, Gabriel, Voigt-Radloff, Sebastian, Haefeli, Walter E., Bauer, Jürgen M., and Denkinger, Michael D.
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- *
GERIATRIC assessment , *DEMENTIA , *MENTAL depression , *DIABETES , *EPIDEMIOLOGISTS , *FRAIL elderly , *GERIATRICIANS , *HYPERTENSION , *LONGITUDINAL method , *NEUROLOGISTS , *SCIENTIFIC observation , *PHARMACISTS , *PSYCHIATRISTS , *QUALITY of life , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *RETROSPECTIVE studies , *SEVERITY of illness index , *PATIENT-centered care , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract When treating older adults, a main factor to consider is physical frailty. Because specific assessments in clinical trials are frequently lacking, critical appraisal of treatment evidence with respect to functional status is challenging. Our aim was to identify and categorize assessments for functional status given in clinical trials in older adults to allow for a retrospective characterization and indirect comparison of treatment evidence from these cohorts. We conducted 4 separate systematic reviews of randomized and nonrandomized controlled clinical trials in older people with hypertension, diabetes, depression, and dementia. All assessments identified that reflected functional status were analyzed. Assessments were categorized across 4 different functional status levels. These levels span from functionally not impaired, slightly impaired, significantly impaired, to severely impaired/disabled. If available from the literature, cut-offs for these 4 functioning levels were extracted. If not, or if the existing cut-offs did not match the predefined functional levels, cut-off points were defined by an expert group composed of geriatricians, pharmacists, pharmacologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, and epidemiologists using a patient-centered approach. We identified 51 instruments that included measures of functional status. Although some of the assessments had clearly defined cut-offs across our predefined categories, many others did not. In most cases, no cut-offs existed for slightly impaired or severely impaired older adults. Missing cut-offs or values to adjust were determined by the expert group and are presented as described. The functional status assessments that were identified and operationalized across 4 functional levels could now be used for a retrospective characterization of functional status in randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Allocated categories only serve as approximations and should be validated head-to-head in future studies. Moreover, as general standard, upcoming studies involving older adults should include and explicitly report functional impairment as a baseline characteristic of all participants enrolled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Evaluating the outcomes of medical informatics development as a discipline in China: A publication perspective.
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Deng, Huan, Wang, Jing, Liu, Xingyu, Liu, Bangtao, and Lei, Jianbo
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- *
MEDICAL informatics , *PUBLICATIONS , *COLLEGE teachers , *RESEARCH papers (Students) , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Highlights • China's MI field has undergone significant development. • Few authors have high-quality articles and high output. • The collaboration intent of authors is growing stronger. • The field of research is relatively stable. • Current advanced technologies continue to emerge in MI research. Abstract Background As the world's second largest economy, China makes unique contributions to the world in many fields, including sociology, the economy, technology and defense. Medical informatics (MI) is an important cross-disciplinary field that, along with its applications, has received massive funding from the Chinese government. However, the question of how to evaluate China's input and output in MI remains important and complex issue of great significance for China and the rest of the world. Objective This paper analyzed, for the first time, the quality and quantity of research by Chinese academics in MI based on their articles published in international specialty journals in recent years and examined MI research hotspots in China. Our purpose is to summarize the experiences and lessons learned by China and the rest of the world as they develop MI. Method We targeted 18 MI journals listed in the JCR 2016 report and searched for papers published by Chinese academics in these 18 journals in the WOS and PUBMED databases and on journal sites. We also performed data cleansing and categorized the obtained information. We used Excel, SPSS, Ucinet and NetDraw to conduct quantitative analyses on the research papers. Results A total of 1340 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria of this study. We observed a significant upward trend in the number of articles published over time, particularly after 2011. Lei Jianbo, Huang Zhengxing and Li Jin-song are active Chinese authors in the MI discipline who have written many high-quality publications. Meanwhile, universities remain the primary breeding grounds for scientific research: 93.36% of the articles came from universities. Zhejiang University published the most first-author articles, whereas Zhejiang University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Tsinghua University produced 17.76% of the total articles. According to the lists of authors, 24% of the papers were co-authored with foreign researchers. This rate of cooperation is increasing each year, from 5.88% to the current rate of 39.04%. An analysis of keywords showed that “EMR”, “SVM”, “Authentication”, “Telecare medical information system”, “EEG”, “ECG” and “RFID” were the most frequently searched terms in popular technological fields, including artificial intelligence and image processing. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of high-frequency keywords and a broadening range of research fields, which has led to the emergence of several research hotspots, including MI systems, mobile health care, telecare, data mining and machine learning. Conclusions Through the quantitative analysis of publications, we discovered the emergence of three stages – infancy, slow growth and rapid growth – in China's MI research in recent years as academics make achievements in their research works. The global influence of Chinese academics is growing, and they are making increasingly conscious efforts to enter into research collaborations with foreign researchers. The findings of Chinese academics’ publications are gaining international recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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26. Motives to give in economics and psychology: A step toward unification.
- Author
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Ottoni-Wilhelm, Mark and Vesterlund, Lise
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHOLOGY , *PSYCHOLOGICAL literature , *ECONOMICS literature , *ALTRUISM - Abstract
Parallel literatures in economics and psychology investigate why people voluntarily help others in need. Economics has investigated an other-regarding motive (altruism) and a self-regarding motive (warm-glow) and has used choice-based observations for inference. Psychology has similarly examined other- and self-regarding motives and has developed survey-based measurements to assess corresponding measures of empathic concern and a moral principle of care. This paper explores whether and how elicitation of charitable motives from economics relate to measurements from psychology. We find that when making donations to others in need, individuals with stronger empathic concern dispositions are more altruistic/other-regarding. Also, those who more strongly endorse a moral principle of care are more motivated by warm-glow/self-regard. The results connect two literatures, offer novel evidence from economics about theories developed in psychology, and demonstrate that well-developed survey questions from psychology can be predictive of the choice-based inference on altruistic and warm-glow motivations from economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A new perspective on trends in psychology.
- Author
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Zagaria, Andrea and Lombardi, Luigi
- Subjects
- *
APPLIED psychology , *PSYCHOLOGY , *BEHAVIORISM (Psychology) , *HISTORY of psychology , *SCHOOL psychology , *INDUSTRIAL psychology - Abstract
The current paper aimed to analyze quantitatively the trends of four major schools of thought in scientific Psychology (neuroscience, cognitivism, behaviorism, psychoanalysis) and their intersections, covering the period from 1979 to 2020. We utilized a rigorous methodology across three distinct sources: Mainstream Psychology (MP), Highly Influential Journal (HIJ), and non-English papers (NEP). Our findings align with previous research in two aspects: psychoanalysis and behaviorism have significantly declined, cognitivism remains a prominent trend. However, we deviate from prior studies by recognizing that neuroscience may be considered the most influential trend and that trends exhibit less linearity than previously assumed. We also acknowledge the significance of NEP, which manifest an independent pattern as compared to the other sources and that may reveal what happens in the "periphery" of Psychology. It is noteworthy that NEP demonstrated a still lively contribution from psychoanalysis. Our study also highlights the insularity and lack of cross-fertilization among psychological subdisciplines, despite the widespread claims to the contrary. It eventually supports the inference that scientific Psychology is a non-paradigmatic or pre-paradigmatic discipline, pointing out the dominance of applied psychology and confuting the notion of overarching "grand theories". • Methodological Advancement : The paper introduces an improved methodology for analyzing trends in four major schools of thought in psychology. • Dominance of Neuroscience : Our findings suggest that neuroscience can be considered the most influential trend in scientific psychology. • Decline in Psychoanalysis and Behaviorism : Psychoanalysis and behaviorism exhibit significant declines in prominence. • Prominence of Cognitivism : Cognitivism continues to maintain a prominent position in psychology. • Stability and Dispersion : Trends in psychology exhibit more stability and dispersion than previously assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Sexual violence related to terrorism: Psychological care for Yazidi women in Iraq.
- Author
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Helou Chesnot, Odette and Kachaamy, Eliana
- Subjects
- *
SEXUAL assault , *TERRORISM , *PSYCHOLOGY , *YEZIDI women - Abstract
From 2018 to 2022, the Lebanese Association of Victims of Terrorism (AVT-L), in collaboration with the United Nations (UNODC, United Nations Office for Drug and Crime) and with the support of the government of the Netherlands, conducted a project to provide psychological care to victims of terrorism in Iraq. Ninety Yezidi women participated in this program. Each participant had experienced sexual violence during the control of part of Iraqi territory by the jihadists of the Islamic State group (ISIS) between 2014 and 2018. After a semi-structured interview, these Yezidi women first participated in experience-sharing sessions for three consecutive days. Then, they benefited from an individual psychological follow-up for 6 months. Over the last ten years, the association's team has developed a protocol that combines art therapy with group and individual psychotherapy. The care is regularly evaluated. From the first interview, the psychologist uses the results of the Traumaq. An evaluation tool that assesses trauma-related symptoms. Subsequently, the PCL5 scale is used to measure the evolution of the symptoms. A considerable support that is studied in resonance with the life story and the social, personal, and professional evolution of each person. At the end of the psychological support sessions, significant changes were observed, particularly for criteria B and D of the DSM-5. We recorded a reduction in intrusive memories, as well as an improvement in emotional and physical reactions to these memories. Feelings of guilt had subsided and a significant improvement in sleep and concentration was noted. Participants experienced an improvement in their self-esteem, with a desire to pursue studies and active projects in their community. However, anger regarding injustice and lack of compensation remains palpable. This work culminated in supporting and accompanying these women in making their voices heard at the United Nations headquarters in New York. In this paper, we will highlight the beneficial aspects of art therapy used in this program. We will emphasize the value of clay art therapy particular within this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Violences sexuelles liées au terrorisme : prise en charge psychologique des femmes yézidies en Irak.
- Author
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Chesnot, Odette Helou and Kachaamy, Eliana
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHOLOGY , *SEXUAL assault , *PROFESSIONALISM , *SLEEP disorders - Abstract
De 2018 à 2022, l'Association libanaise des victimes du terrorisme (AVT-L), en collaboration avec les Nations unies (United Nations Office for Drug and Crime [UNODC]) et avec le soutien du gouvernement des Pays-Bas, a mené un projet de prise en charge psychologique de victimes du terrorisme en Irak. Quatre-vingt-dix femmes yézidies ont participé à ce programme. Chacune des participantes a subi des violences sexuelles pendant la prise de contrôle d'une partie du territoire irakien par les jihadistes du groupe État islamiste (Daech) entre 2014 et 2018. Après un entretien semi-directif, ces femmes yézidies ont d'abord participé à des séances de partage d'expérience pendant trois jours consécutifs. Ensuite, elles ont bénéficié d'un suivi psychologique individuel pendant six mois. Depuis dix ans, l'équipe de l'association a développé un protocole qui allie l'art-thérapie et la psychothérapie groupale et individuelle. La prise en charge est régulièrement évaluée. Dès le premier entretien, le psychologue se base sur les résultats du Traumaq, un outil d'évaluation qui permet d'évaluer les symptômes liés au traumatisme. Par la suite, l'échelle PCL-5 est employée pour mesurer l'évolution des symptômes. Un appui considérable qui est étudié en résonance avec le récit de vie et l'évolution sociale, personnelle et professionnelle de chacune. À la fin de la prise en charge, des modifications significatives ont été observées, notamment pour les critères B et D du DSM-5. Nous avons enregistré une réduction des souvenirs intrusifs, ainsi qu'une amélioration des réactions émotionnelles et physiques face à ces souvenirs. Le sentiment de culpabilité s'est apaisé avec une amélioration notable du sommeil et de la concentration. Les participantes ont constaté une amélioration de leur estime de soi, avec l'envie d'entamer des études et de développer des projets actifs pour leur communauté. Cependant, la colère concernant l'injustice et le manque d'indemnisation reste palpable. Ce travail a été couronné par l'accompagnement d'une délégation de ces femmes pour faire entendre leur voix au siège des Nations unies à New York. Au cours de cette communication, nous allons présenter la partie art-thérapie de ce dispositif. Nous soulignerons l'intérêt que l'art-thérapie par l'argile apporte dans ce cadre. From 2018 to 2022, the Lebanese Association of Victims of Terrorism (AVT-L), in collaboration with the United Nations (United Nations Office for Drug and Crime [UNODC]) and with the support of the government of the Netherlands, implemented a project to provide psychological care to victims of terrorism in Iraq. Ninety Yezidi women participated in this program. Each one of the participants had experienced sexual violence during the takeover of part of the Iraqi territory by the jihadists of the Islamic State group (ISIS) between 2014 and 2018. Following a semi-structured interview, these Yezidi women first participated in experience-sharing sessions for three consecutive days. Then, they benefited from an individual psychological follow-up for a period of 6 months. Over this ten-year period, the association's team has developed a protocol that combines art therapy with group and individual psychotherapy. The care is evaluated on a regular basis. From the first interview, the psychologist uses the results of the Traumaq, an evaluation tool that assesses trauma-related symptoms. Subsequently, the PCL-5 scale is used to measure the evolution of the symptoms. A considerable support that is studied in association with the participant's life story and the social, personal, and professional evolution of each person. At the end of the treatment, significant changes were observed, particularly for criteria B and D of the DSM-5. We recorded a reduction in intrusive memories, as well as an improvement in emotional and physical reactions to these memories. Feelings of guilt were reduced. Significant improvement in sleep and concentration was also noted. Participants experienced an improvement in their self-esteem, with a desire to pursue studies and be involved in active projects in their community. However, anger about injustice and a lack of compensation remained palpable. This work culminated in the accompaniment of a delegation of these women to make their voices heard at the United Nations headquarters in New York. In this paper, we will highlight the art therapy aspect of this program, especially that of using clay as the medium for the art therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. An empirical analysis of cultural differences in overseas tourism: How do they affect self-determination theory (SDT) needs by age?
- Author
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Li, Yan, Guo, Zi-qi, Hua, Hai-yan, and Li, Wei
- Subjects
TOURISM ,SATISFACTION ,AUTONOMY (Psychology) ,TRAVEL ,EMPIRICAL research ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,INTERVIEWING ,AGE distribution ,STRUCTURAL equation modeling ,CULTURAL values ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PSYCHOLOGY ,SOCIAL skills ,THEORY ,CULTURAL pluralism - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze how cultural difference plays a different role in overseas tourists of different age groups. It examines how perceived cultural differences affect the perceived value of tourists from different age groups, in their travel abroad and, consequently, their satisfaction. The paper is based on self-determination theory (SDT) and develops a structural equation model (SEM) between tourists' cultural needs, perceived cultural differences, perceived value and satisfaction. Through textual analysis, questionnaires and interviews, this paper conducts three studies to empirically analyze the relationship between cultural difference variables related to overseas tourism and tries to explore the influence mechanisms of the cultural differences. The effects of cultural SDT needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness have different effects upon different age groups. Cultural factors play a significant role in influencing the experience of young tourists, but not in older tourists. The possible reasons why cultural differences play different roles in different groups of people are also explored. • The perceived cultural differences have no direct effect on perceived value in the context of overseas tourism. While the moderating effects of perceived cultural differences are confirmed. • Satisfaction of self-determination theory needs has no effects on the elderly groups. Conversely, among the younger group, the effects are significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Introduction to special papers presented at Measuring Behavior 2014.
- Author
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Spink, Andrew, Riedel, Gernot, van den Broek, Egon, and Mauri, Maurizio
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- *
PSYCHOLOGY , *DATA analysis , *ANIMAL behavior , *AUTOMATION , *RADIO telemetry - Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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32. Cognitive Barriers to Successful Weight Management: 7 Stymie Beasts.
- Author
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Kirschenbaum, Daniel S. and Krawczyk, Ross
- Subjects
REGULATION of body weight ,COGNITIVE therapy ,COGNITIVE bias ,DECISION making ,RESPONSIBILITY - Abstract
• Attrition in obesity treatment is perhaps the greatest impediment to success. • Cognitive barriers decrease treatment engagement and cause attrition. • Anthropomorphisms may help clients understand and combat cognitive barriers. • The "Stymie Beasts" offer a compelling way to conceptualize cognitive barriers. This paper focuses on one of the most significant barriers, especially for teenagers and their families, to the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for weight management: high rates of attrition. Cognitive barriers contribute to attrition and to decreasing commitment to full engagement in the process (deliberate practice). Excuses capture the essence of one type of those cognitive barriers. Excuses are defined as shifts in attribution from self-focused causes of struggles to achieve goals to more externally-focused causes—resulting in decreasing full engagement. Those excuses (shifts in attribution) do not just happen. People make decisions to implement those shifts away from personal responsibility. Ten cognitive biases lie at the heart of such problematic delusional decision making. This paper identifies seven excuses created by that biased decision making as anthropomorphisms called Stymie Beasts. Such unique simply worded visually distinctive creatures may help improve recall and focus on these powerful antagonists to successful weight control. Then, the use of two CBT techniques, Therapeutic Understanding of Science (TUS) and Rational Emotive Therapy (RET), illustrated with examples for all seven Stymie Beasts, shows how CBT may prevent and dismantle those Beasts (excuses). Ideas for future research using randomized controlled trials to test these notions are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. A protective buffer or a double-edged sword? Investigating the effect of "parasocial guanxi" on consumers' complaint intention in live streaming commerce.
- Author
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Huang, Linlin and Ma, Long
- Subjects
- *
STRUCTURAL equation modeling , *ELECTRONIC commerce , *ACQUISITION of property , *USER interfaces , *CONSUMER attitudes , *PSYCHOLOGY , *THEORY , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *INTENTION , *EMOTIONS , *CUSTOMER satisfaction , *TRUST - Abstract
The buyer-seller relationship in live streaming commerce is crucial especially in service failure situations, yet it has been underexplored. In this paper, we reconceptualized the relationship between consumers and sellers in live streaming commerce as "parasocial guanxi", which consists of ganqing (emotional attachment), xinren (trust) and reciprocal value. The effects of parasocial guanxi on consumer dissatisfaction and complaint intention in service failure situations were further investigated based on the expectation confirmation theory. Our study involved 425 valid questionnaires and employed the partial least squares structural equation method (PLS-SEM). The findings are mixed: on one side, parasocial guanxi acts as a buffer, mitigating dissatisfaction and complaint intention in the face of product or service problems and reducing the impact of disconfirmation on consumer dissatisfaction. On the other side, it may also increase the likelihood of dissatisfied consumers complaining. Furthermore, the buffering effect weakens as consumers make more frequent purchases. The findings have important theoretical and practical implications for understanding the buyer-seller relationship in live streaming commerce. • This paper reconceptualized the buyer-seller relationship in live streaming commerce as "parasocial guanxi". • The effects of parasocial guanxi in service failure situations were investigated. • Parasocial guanxi has a buffering effect in alleviating consumers' dissatisfaction and complaint intention. • Meanwhile, parasocial guanxi can increase the likelihood of dissatisfied consumers to complain. • The effects of parasocial guanxi vary across different demographic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Laying the foundation for a second counterculture: A psychology of loving.
- Author
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Graamans, Ernst P.
- Subjects
COUNTERCULTURE ,SUSTAINABILITY ,PSYCHOLOGY ,FUTUROLOGISTS ,PSYCHOLOGISTS - Abstract
In light of the many wicked problems currently facing humanity this paper calls for futurists and psychologists to join forces in the envisionment and enactment of more sustainable futures. It is argued that large scale spirito-psychological transformation, with an emphasis on loving as embodied and embedded practice, is key to actually meeting the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Inspired by the counterculture movement of the 1950s and 1960s, but also by critically reflecting upon its many failed social experiments, this paper envisions the emergence of a second wave of peaceful, constructive resistance. Inspired by the ideas of futurists, psychologists and mystics, by combining enactivist thinking (cultural ψ) with valuing human experience wholly (ॐ), and turning that into a shared experiential affair the foundation is laid for others to refine and build upon: a Psychology of Loving as the driving force for sustainable change. • Futurists of past foresaw the grand challenges that humanity is currently facing. Their warnings were ignored. • The youngsters of the flower-power generation envisioned a future of love, but lacked foundational ground to make it real. • This is a call for grassroots change achieved through loving in its broadest communal and spiritual sense. • Culturally patterned behavior and conditioned personality structures cannot be spiritually bypassed. • However, a Psychology of Loving can guide the transformative power of mystical experiences towards sustainable futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. An embedded LSTM based scheme for depression detection and analysis.
- Author
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Singh, Jaskaran, Wazid, Mohammad, Singh, D.P., and Pundir, Sumit
- Subjects
MENTAL health policy ,EMOTIONAL state ,BRAIN mapping - Abstract
Depression also known as depressive disorder is a serious and common medical condition that has an adverse impact on how you feel, think, and behave. But it can also be treated. Depression causes feelings of sadness or a loss of interest in activities once you enjoyed. It can impair your ability to perform at work and at home and cause a number of mental and physical issues. Therefore, it is important to provide some solutions to overcome the depression problem. These days' information and communications technology (ICT) is used in various domains to sort out their problems. In this paper, we propose an embedded long short-term memory (LSTM) based scheme for depression detection and analysis. It is a brain health mapping based system for the detection of depression. It is a first of its kind interdisciplinary brain cognition tool (software), which acts as a personalized support intelligence mechanism. It incorporates psychological traits for determining a user's mental health state. The proposed scheme utilizes natural language processing techniques to provide a novel framework to predict the sentimental and emotional state of the user based on the user's behavior in their interaction with the designed model. In order to actively track the user's mental state, proposed scheme analyses their text and identify specific keywords through the text that they input in different applications that the user utilizes in their machine. The practical implementation of the proposed scheme is provided and important results (i.e., accuracy and F1 score) are estimated. During the performance comparison, it has been observed that proposed scheme achieved better accuracy than the other existing schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. A new agenda for personality psychology in the digital age?
- Author
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Montag, Christian and Elhai, Jon D.
- Subjects
- *
PSYCHOLOGY , *HOUSEKEEPING , *PERSONALITY studies , *PERSONALITY , *PSYCHOLOGICAL research , *INTERNET of things - Abstract
• The present paper hypothesizes how research in personality psychology will change with the recent emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT). In a society, where humankind is digitally interconnected and all machines in one's own household or at work are linked to the Internet, manifold data from human-machine-interaction can be used to predict psychological traits and states. • In the present theoretical paper, we first explain why it is (still) important to study personality and we also give a short (historical) overview on different theoretical and methodological approaches to study personality. Second, this work will focus on a recent addition to the toolbox of a personality psychologist, namely digital phenotyping via methods from Psychoinformatics , which falls into the realm of the aforementioned IoT. Aside from an introduction into these new concepts, we discuss strengths and limitations of this new data layer of interest for personality psychologists. • Finally, it is argued that in these modern times personality psychology research is conducted in many scattered scientific areas with researchers sometimes unaware of each other. Therefore, tremendous collaborative efforts need to be invested in order to reunify the psychological/neuroscientific oriented personality science to ultimately understand why we are the creatures we are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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37. Behavioral propagation based on regret-hesitation psychology on multiple networks.
- Author
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Xu, Qiushi, Liu, Siyuan, Zhu, Xuzhen, and Ma, Jinming
- Subjects
- *
BEHAVIORISM (Psychology) , *PHASE transitions , *PSYCHOLOGICAL factors , *PSYCHOLOGY , *HESITATION - Abstract
There are many factors affecting the social propagation of adoption behavior, and the traditional propagation model is not enough to study the influence of human psychological factors. We introduce the psychological mechanism of regret and hesitation to explain the complexity of individual decision making and information propagation. In this paper, a method based on edge division theory is used to analyze the propagation process on multiple networks, and the experimental results show the phenomenon of mixed phase transition. When the system is dominated by regret psychology, the system can achieve global eruption, but when it is dominated by hesitation psychology, the system cannot achieve global eruption. The results of theoretical analysis and experimental simulation agree well. It is of great significance to the study of sociology, psychology and information propagation. • The impact of a new regret-hesitation psychology on behavioral propagation. • The adoption threshold function rises firstly, then falls, then remains unchanged, and finally rises again. • The propagation process shows a cross phase transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. 'What is the self anyway?' towards a more parsimonious conceptualisation of the self: A review.
- Author
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Hards, E., Rathbone, C.J., Ellis, J.A., and Reynolds, S.
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- *
CLINICAL psychology , *SELF , *PSYCHOLOGY , *PARSIMONIOUS models - Abstract
The 'self' is of interest across multiple psychological, cognitive, and social sciences. Unhelpfully, a plethora of terms are used across different theoretical and empirical areas. This leads to inconsistency, confusion and lack of clarity and impedes cross-disciplinary communication and progress. To improve clarity, increase parsimony and support theoretical and empirical advances, it is important to establish clear terms that can be applied consistently across psychology. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive initial inventory of synthesised self-terms that can be used by, and across psychology. We review self-terms used across different areas in psychology and identify a set of terms that are most frequently and consistently used across these domains. We then present a synthesis of commonly used 'self-terms' that are specifically related to six psychological sub-disciplines; Cognitive, Social, Developmental, Neuroscience, Clinical and Personality psychology. A glossary of self-terms, together with frequently used synonymous self-terms are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Erasmus clinical model of the onset and development of stuttering 2.0.
- Author
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Franken, Marie-Christine, Oonk, Leonoor C., Bast, Bert J.E.G., Bouwen, Jan, and De Nil, Luc
- Subjects
- *
MOTOR ability , *LANGUAGE & languages , *SENSES , *BIOLOGICAL models , *CONCEPTUAL models , *TEMPERAMENT , *SOCIAL factors , *STUTTERING , *SEVERITY of illness index , *PSYCHOLOGY , *NEUROLOGICAL disorders , *THEORY , *DISEASE complications , *CHILDREN , *ADULTS - Abstract
A clinical, evidence-based model to inform clients and their parents about the nature of stuttering is indispensable for the field. In this paper, we propose the Erasmus Clinical Model of Stuttering 2.0 for children who stutter and their parents, and adult clients. It provides an up-to-date, clinical model summary of current insights into the genetic, neurological, motoric, linguistic, sensory, temperamental, psychological and social factors (be it causal, eliciting, or maintaining) related to stuttering. First a review is presented of current insights in these factors, and of six scientific theories or models that have inspired the development of our current clinical model. Following this, we will propose the model, which has proven to be useful in clinical practice. The proposed Erasmus Clinical Model of Stuttering visualizes the onset and course of stuttering, and includes scales for stuttering severity and impact, to be completed by the (parent of) the person who stutters. The pathway of the model towards stuttering onset is based on predisposing and mediating factors. In most children with an onset of stuttering, stuttering is transient, but if stuttering continues, its severity and impact vary widely. The model includes the circle of Engel (1977), which visualizes unique interactions of relevant biological, psychological, and social factors that determine the speaker's experience of stuttering severity and its impact. Discussing these factors and their interaction with an individual client can feed into therapeutic targets. The model is supplemented by a lifeline casus. • A new clinical, evidence-based model to inform children who stutter and their parents, and adult clients about stuttering. • The onset and development of stuttering is visualized in a Figure. • Biological, psychological, and social factors are related to the speaker's experience of stuttering severity and impact. • A hypothetical lifeline casus illustrates the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Social exclusion, self-rated health and depression among older people in China: Evidence from a national survey of older persons.
- Author
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Feng, Zhixin, Jones, Kelvyn, and Phillips, David R.
- Subjects
- *
DIAGNOSIS of mental depression , *SOCIAL isolation , *AGING , *HEALTH status indicators , *INTERPERSONAL relations , *LONGITUDINAL method , *STATISTICAL sampling , *SELF-evaluation , *SOCIAL skills , *STATISTICS , *SURVEYS , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *GOVERNMENT policy , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *OLD age , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Highlights • This paper explores the effects of four dimensions of social exclusion on self-rated health and depression among older people in China. • Lower level of exclusion from social relationships was associated with less likely to report fair or poor SRH. • Lower level of subjective feelings of exclusion was associated with less likely to report fair or poor SRH. • Lower level of subjective feeling of exclusion was associated with less likely to report depression. • Lower level of exclusion from financial products was associated with less likely to report depression. Abstract Background It is well established that social exclusion is a key social determinant of health; however, such association between social exclusion and health outcomes among older people remain a relatively under-researched area. This paper explores the effects of four dimensions of social exclusion on self-rated health and depression among older people in China. Methods This paper includes 8038 individuals aged 60 and over from the first wave national multi-stage probability sample (2014) from the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS). Descriptive univariate information for individual variables and four dimensions of social exclusion are presented. Multinomial and binary logistic regression models are used to examine the associations between social exclusion and self-rated health and depression. Results Older people who were in the lower level of exclusion from social relationships or subjective feelings of exclusion were significantly less likely to report fair or poor self-rated health than people in the higher level of exclusion (lower level of exclusion from social activities was significantly associated with being less likely to report poor SRH only). Older people who were in the lower level of subjective feeling of exclusion or exclusion from financial products were significantly less likely to report depression. Conclusions Different dimensions of social exclusion have different effects on self-rated health and depression. Social policies need to reflect this and efforts of services could usefully be oriented to prevent multi-dimensions of social exclusion. Ultimately, such policies should have the potential to enhance the health of older people in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The family foster care system in Ireland – Advances and challenges.
- Author
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Gilligan, Robbie
- Subjects
- *
FOSTER home care laws , *FOSTER home care , *BIRTHPARENTS , *CHILD care , *CHILD welfare , *DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION , *FOSTER parents , *PSYCHOLOGY of foster children , *GOVERNMENT policy , *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract This paper sets out to give a rounded view of the Irish foster care system as currently constituted. It will cover areas such as the law and policy framework, key data, key institutional actors, views of the system from the perspective of key stakeholders (care experienced adults and young people, foster carers and their children and the biological parents of children in foster care), and distinctive features of the Irish system. It will also offer a brief review of key influences that have helped shape the current system and Ireland's move from high use of institutional care to high rates of family placement. It will also consider challenges that still face policy and practice in the Irish foster care system. The paper takes a multi-disciplinary approach drawing on evidence from various perspectives including law, history and social policy. Offering the Irish case in this paper is not to claim or imply that the Irish system is fully developed or has resolved all its challenges. As will become clear, the argument here is that Ireland is an interesting case not because of any (erroneous) claim that it is the finished article as a foster care system. It is interesting because it is both a system that is still in development, and is also one that has already made the transition from a system dominated by residential care to one heavily reliant on family placement. Highlights • Ninety-two per cent of children in care in Ireland are placed in families (in both foster and kinship care) • This represents one of the highest family placement rates in care systems across the world • Previously the Irish care system relied heavily on institutional care like many Catholic countries • Ireland thus serves as an interesting case study of de-institutionalisation in a traditionally Catholic country • The paper offers a detailed overview of the current system of provisions for children in care in Ireland [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The diagnostic moment: A study in US primary care.
- Author
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Heritage, John and McArthur, Amanda
- Subjects
- *
DIAGNOSIS , *COMMUNICATION , *PATIENT psychology , *PHYSICIAN-patient relations , *PRIMARY health care , *VIDEO recording , *SECONDARY analysis , *PHYSICIANS' attitudes , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract This paper conceptualizes the act of diagnosis in primary care as a 'diagnostic moment,' comprising a diagnostic utterance in a 'diagnostic slot,' together with a patient response. Using a dataset of 201 treated conditions drawn from 255 video recorded medical visits with 71 physicians across 33 clinical practices in the Western United States, we investigate the incidence of diagnostic moments, aspects of their verbal design, and patient responsiveness. We find that only 53% of treated conditions in the dataset are associated with a diagnostic moment. Physicians present 66% of these diagnoses as hedged or otherwise doubtful, and deliver 30% of them without gazing at the patient. In the context of these diagnostic moments, patients are non- or minimally responsive 59% of the time. These findings underscore the different significance that may be accorded diagnosis in primary care in contrast to care in other medical contexts. The paper concludes that the analysis of sequences of action which empirically realize diagnosis are underrepresented in the sociology of diagnosis, and that better understanding of the diagnostic moment would enhance our understanding of diagnostic processes in primary care. Highlights • Conceptualizes Jutel (2014) 'diagnostic moment' as an interactional sequence. • First comprehensive description of the frequency of diagnoses and responses in US primary care. • Describes the main design features of diagnoses with regard to certainty and uncertainty. • Shows that patient responses to diagnoses are sensitive to these designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Psychology of athletes' dual careers: A state-of-the-art critical review of the European discourse.
- Author
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Stambulova, Natalia B. and Wylleman, Paul
- Subjects
- *
ATHLETES , *PROFESSIONAL peer review , *PHILOSOPHY , *PSYCHOLOGY , *REFLECTION (Philosophy) , *SPORTS , *SPORTS psychology , *VOCATIONAL guidance , *WORK , *SYSTEMATIC reviews , *CULTURAL awareness , *LITERATURE reviews , *NARRATIVES - Abstract
(a) To provide a state-of-the-art critical review of European dual career (DC) research (2015–2018, English language), (b) to position the current DC (psychological) research within the athlete career sport psychology discourse and within the European DC discourse, and (c) to identify research gaps and future challenges. These objectives were formulated after an appraisal of nine existing review-type papers contributed to the European DC discourse. This review has been informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analyses (Moher, Liberati, Tetzlaff, Altman, & The PRISMA group, 2010) and recommendations on presenting results of the state-of-the-art critical review by Grant and Booth (2009). Following an extensive literature search across several databases, 42 research papers were used for appraisal, synthesis, and critical analysis of the current DC research. Major tenets of the cultural praxis of athletes' careers (Stambulova & Ryba, 2013a , b ; 2014) were used as a critical lens in the analysis. DC research contributes to and connects the European DC discourse and the athlete career sport psychology discourse. DC in sport and work, DC "costs", DC development environments, DC athletes' mental health and well-being, DC support and training of the support providers constitute the major gaps in current DC research. Filling these gaps presents future challenges for DC research to adequately support practice and policy making within the European DC discourse. • Forty two peer-reviewed dual career (DC) articles from 2015–18 were reviewed. • Mapping and narrative syntheses revealed progress and gaps in current DC research. • Tenets of cultural praxis of athletes' careers were used as a lens for critical reflections. • European DC discourse and athlete career (psychology) discourse were found to overlap. • DC term has been established, and a holistic lifespan perspective informed most studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Occupied with classification: Which occupational classification scheme better predicts health outcomes?
- Author
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Eyles, Emily, Manley, David, and Jones, Kelvyn
- Subjects
- *
JOB classification , *WORK environment & psychology , *EMPLOYMENT , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *INDUSTRIAL hygiene , *MATHEMATICAL models , *SOCIAL classes , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *OCCUPATIONAL hazards , *THEORY , *ENVIRONMENTAL exposure , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *HEALTH equity , *HEALTH & social status , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract Health inequalities continue to grow despite continuous policy intervention. Work, one domain of health inequalities, is often included as a component of social class rather than as a determinant in its own right. Many social class classifications are derived from occupation types, but there are other components within them that mean they may not be useful as proxies for occupation. This paper develops the exposome, a life-course exposure model developed by Wild (2005), into the worksome, allowing for the explicit consideration of both physical and psychosocial exposures and effects derived from work and working conditions. The interactions between and within temporal and geographical scales are strongly emphasised, and the interwoven nature of both psychosocial and physical exposures is highlighted. Individuals within an occupational type can be both affected by and effect upon occupation level characteristics and health measures. By using the worksome, occupation types are separated from value-laden social classifications. This paper will empirically examine whether occupation better predicts health measures from the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS). Logistic regression models using Bayesian MCMC estimation were run for each classification system, for each health measure. Health measures included, for example, whether the respondent felt their work affected their health, their self-rated health, pain in upper or lower limbs, and headaches. Using the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC), a measure of predictive accuracy penalised for model complexity, the models were assessed against one another. The DIC shows empirically which classification system is most suitable for use in modelling. The 2-digit International Standard Classification of Occupations showed the best predictive accuracy for all measures. Therefore, examining the relationship between health and work should be done with classifications specific to occupation or industry rather than socio-economic class classifications. This justifies the worksome, allowing for a conceptual framework to link many forms of work-health research. Highlights • Work is often included as part of social class as a social determinant of health. • This is not always appropriate, as class has an implied hierarchy. • The worksome, a theoretical framework is developed from the exposome. • With Bayesian methods, we show that occupational classifications are more suitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Embodiment and the foundation of biographical disruption.
- Author
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Engman, Athena
- Subjects
- *
TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc. , *CHRONIC diseases , *HEART transplantation , *INTERVIEWING , *KIDNEY transplantation , *LIVER transplantation , *LUNG transplantation , *PHENOMENOLOGY , *POSTOPERATIVE period , *ACTIVITIES of daily living , *LABELING theory , *PHYSICAL activity , *HEALTH & social status , *ATTITUDES toward illness , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract The concept of biographical disruption has now enjoyed nearly 40 years of use in medical sociology. This paper argues that taking an embodied approach to biographical disruption helps to explain the concept's enduring efficacy. Drawing on the work of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and contemporary theories of embodiment inspired by his phenomenology, this paper advances that biographical disruption involves, in the first instance, a disruption to the ability to enact an embodied orientation towards the world. Biographical disruption does not, from this perspective, result from illness as such, but from the ways that illness impinges on one's physical ability to engage with daily life. This paper examines the experiences of solid organ transplant recipients for the purpose of shedding light on the conditions under which biographical disruption arises in experience. The analysis includes interviews with 36 post-operative solid organ transplant recipients (heart, liver, lung, and kidney) living in British Columbia or Ontario, Canada. These participants exhibit a wide range of illness experiences, some of which manifest as biographical disruption and others that do not. Tracing the contours of these experiences, this paper argues that the efficacy of biographical disruption for describing the illness experience depends not only on the illness experience but also, fundamentally, on the content of embodiment prior to the onset of that experience. Highlights • The embodiment perspective improves the efficacy of biographical disruption. • The embodied context of an experience structures the illness experience. • Organ transplant recipients present variable experiences of biographical disruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Developing predictive models: Individual and group breakdowns in long-term space travel.
- Author
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Almon, Alires J.
- Subjects
- *
SPACE exploration , *INTERPLANETARY voyages , *GALAXIES , *SPACE flight , *ROCKETS (Aeronautics) - Abstract
Abstract It is inevitable that individuals and groups will experience stress and distress in the harsh and extreme environment of deep space. When these occur, we now have a mission in jeopardy -- not due to hardware failure, but because a psychological breaking point has been reached. It will happen. The question is when. This paper seeks to identify signs of impending breakdowns and suggests strategies for a crew to minimize its impact when it does. This paper begins to create definitions and qualities of breaking points, define the impact on group dynamics, and identify post-breakdown recovery strategies that will be used as a foundation for predictive model development. Highlights • An individual's psychological is vital to the success of the mission itself. • Mission cycle type influences the required skill set for individual success. • Group maturity is as important as the individual's ability to cope with the environment. • An individual's psychological health relative to the group dynamics is key. • Other impacting factors are physical health, culture, grief, and gender relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The relationship of psychological construals with well-being.
- Author
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Horvath, Peter
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL perception , *SPACE , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distance , *BEHAVIOR , *PROPHECY , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
This paper examines the relationships of construals of the properties of psychological distance dimensions with well-being. Construal-Level-Theory (CLT) has identified space, time, social distance, and hypotheticality as psychological distance dimensions. Close objects are construed, or mentally represented, in terms of low-level features. These are concrete, specific, unstructured, and contextualized representations. Distant objects are construed in terms of high-level features. These are abstract, global, coherent, and decontextualized representations. Additionally, the properties of construals, like values, give them meaning and importance. These dimensions, properties, and construals have been shown to guide evaluations, decisions, predictions, and other behaviors. Little research, however, has applied them to issues of mental health and psychological well-being. This paper examines identity, security, value, and control as important properties of psychological distance dimensions. The review demonstrates that, in many circumstances, when these properties of distance dimensions are construed at high-levels, they are associated with psychological well-being and behavioral adjustment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Development of a complex tertiary prevention intervention for the transition out of youth homelessness.
- Author
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Vitopoulos, Nina A., Frederick, Tyler J., Leon, Scott, Daley, Mardi, McDonald, Carol, Morales, Shaniah, Cerswell Kielburger, Leysa, Cohen, Sue, Eacott, Karen, Howes, Carol, Gutierrez, Rose, McGavin, Karen, Peters, Kamika, Vanderheul, Julia, McKenzie, Kwame, and Kidd, Sean A.
- Subjects
- *
HOMELESSNESS , *MENTAL illness treatment , *COMMUNICATION , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *REHABILITATION of people with mental illness , *PUBLIC housing , *PUBLIC welfare , *SOCIAL services case management , *HUMAN services programs , *INDEPENDENT living , *TRANSITIONAL programs (Education) , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract This paper describes the process of design, development, and implementation of a complex, multi-component, tertiary prevention intervention aimed at stabilizing pathways out of homelessness, the Housing Outreach Project-Collaborative (HOP-C). HOP-C is a multi-organizational, cross-sector, inter-professional collaboration. This process-oriented paper aims to elucidate the rationale for and experience of implementing the three main components of HOP-C: case management, mental health treatment and peer support, as well as the processes that support this wrap-around intervention as a whole. This paper draws on qualitative process-oriented data (i.e. field notes and interviews with staff) collected over the course of the intervention, and integrates perspectives from multiple practitioners involved in this endeavour. Practitioners reported the diversity in the type and intensity of services offered to clients, the building of a close and communicative interprofessional and inter-agency team, as well as the development of broader connectivity between organizations and practitioners as significant strengths of this approach. Challenges and successes in implementation are explored with the intention of providing insight into ways in which other collaborative complex interventions might be approached in the youth homelessness sector. Highlights • Youth homelessness is a complex social problem • HOP-C is a tertiary prevention complex intervention for youth transitioning from homelessness • HOP-C represents a cross-sector, cross-agency, interprofessional collaboration • Intervention provided wrap-around case management, peer, and mental health supports • Individualized supports and close interprofessional teams linked to positive youth outcomes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Trying to make it fit...That's what she said: An argument for a new category on the formulaic continuum.
- Author
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Kirner-Ludwig, Monika
- Subjects
- *
IDIOMS , *PRAGMATICS , *COGNITION , *PSYCHOLOGY , *WIT & humor - Abstract
Abstract The present paper seeks to find a notionally neat category for the pragmatic idiom That's what she said. While this may seem like a trivial goal at first glance, this paper will systematically uncarve the internal and contextual complexities of this formula and the challenges entailed in this aim. While That's what she said merges features and functions that have been defined and labelled by scholars of Pragmatics, Cognition and Psychology as well as the highly interdisciplinary field of Humor Studies, these approaches have not been sufficiently aligned. The present discussion thus forms part of a larger-scale issue, i.e. that humor-related utterances on the one hand and aspects and frameworks of formulaic speech on the other hand have so far not explicitly been brought together. The present paper aspires to do exactly that, putting forth an extended formulaic continuum that does not only fit That's what she said in particular, but potentially other similar formulae that may not yet have been assigned their place on e.g. Kecskés's continuum in its present form and scope either (2000, 2003, 2010, 2013). The present paper therefore proposes the new notion of Isolated Formulaic Punchlines for such formulae, acknowledging their supposedly incoherent or isolated occurrence in the discourse, their formulaic makeup and their humorous potential. Highlights • This paper deals with the That's what she said , a pragmatic idiom which has so far hardly received any attention. • An extended formulaic continuum is proposed offering classificational space for That's what she said. • The notion Isolated Formulaic Punchline is introduced as an additional subcategory to pragmatic idioms. • This is done so to ultimately bridge the gap between the state-of-the-art formulaic framework by Kecskés on the one and the wide range of formulaic verbal humor strategies on the other hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Timing of web personalization in mobile shopping: A perspective from Uses and Gratifications Theory.
- Author
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Huang, Jialiang and Zhou, Liyun
- Subjects
- *
COGNITION , *CONSUMER attitudes , *INTERNET , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *PSYCHOLOGY , *SHOPPING , *TIME , *WORLD Wide Web , *CELL phones , *THEORY - Abstract
Web personalization has been widely adopted in the mobile shopping context to improve shopping experience and consumer loyalty. Timing is a crucial issue of the implementation of web personalization, a topic not yet adequately investigated in the extant literature. Web personalization could classify into two forms, namely Before-search Web Personalization (BSWP) and After-search Web Personalization (ASWP), in the mobile shopping context. Besides, motivations are the critical factors in mobile shopping, and seldom research has studied the effects of motivation on consumer's use of web personalization in the mobile shopping context. To advance understanding of the timing issue of web personalization, this paper employs the Uses and Gratifications method to investigate how mobile shopping motivations influence consumers' use of BSWP and ASWP, respectively. Furthermore, this paper also investigates the role of an important personal disposition (i.e. need for cognition). Empirical results indicate that shopping motivations could have significant effects on web personalization use; furthermore, BSWP use and ASWP use are predicted by different shopping motivations. Besides, need for cognition is found to positively moderate some effects of mobile shopping motivations on web personalization use. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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