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The degree of preservation and the extractability of organic molecules in both archaeological and paleontological skeletal material has been the objective of many studies during the last decades and have shown extremely promising and interesting results (Schweitzer et al., 1997, 2007; Poulakakis et al., 2002; Schmidt-Schultz & Schultz, 2004; Dotsika et al., 2011). Studies on such molecules via various protocols of extraction as well as isotopic and spectroscopic analyses (Stathopoulou et al., 2008; Dotsika et al., 2011; Kontopoulos et al., 2019) have led to important information concerning evolutionary, environmental and diagenetic issues. Collagen is one of the most abundant proteins in skeletal material and its preservation in fossil material may indicate the preservation of other extremely important biomolecules such as DNA (Turner-Walker et al., 2008). This paper aims to present results concerning the evaluation of organic preservation as well as the extraction and quantification of collagen in samples from the Quaternary locations of Tilos and Dispilio (Greece) and Aghia Napa (Cyprus). Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR and NIR) was applied to all samples, prior to extraction in means of collagen prescreening and following extraction (where successful), to study the exact composition of the extracts and examine the correlation between collagen preservation and the samples' diagenetic profile (Stathopoulou et al., 2008; Kuczumow et al., 2010; Cleland et al., 2015; Stathopoulou et al., 2019). The extraction of collagen was attempted via modifications of the Longin (1971) method and specifically those of Maspero et al. (2011), Semal and Orban (1995) and Ambrose (1990). According to our results, only the Ambrose method led to successful collagen extraction and specifically only in the Dispilio samples. The collagen yield values for this material varied significantly (0,3–6,1% w/w) and seemed to strongly correlate to the different contexts found within the archaeological site. The IR analysis of the extracted Dispilio collagen indicated the presence of impurities such as carbonates and subsequently raised questions relating to the efficacy of the extraction method. Issues concerning geochemical and diagenetic parameters within the strata of the waterlogged site of Dispilio that could be connected to the different collagen yield as well as the methodological problems that emerged during the attempted extraction in all samples are discussed as well as the applicability of these methods on samples with reduced organic content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Coastal exhumations present challenges due their singular hydrogeological and environmental conditions. • Practical solutions for documenting and recovering skeletal remains at coastal locations. • The techniques presented could be applied equally to a humanitarian or criminal investigation. This paper reports on coastal exhumations performed during 2006–2022, under the framework of the Committee on Missing Persons in Cyprus (CMP) humanitarian identification programme. CMP archaeologists investigated 217 coastal locations and recovered skeletal remains on 44 occasions. Challenging environmental conditions required a customized exhumation plan, which could be executed swiftly without compromising operational integrity or standards. The author performed a retrospective analysis to propose an optimized strategy, which includes a survey, exhumation, digital documentation, and post-processing components, with the aim of minimizing the effects of adverse environmental conditions. The proposed strategy is based on scientific standards and observations in the field; it can satisfy the needs of a humanitarian or criminal investigation if appropriate measures are taken to uphold legislative and forensic standards. The author also discussed the taphonomic effects of coastal erosion and wave activity in tandem with exhumation recommendations to assist forensic practitioners involved in similar investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper explores human mobility in Byzantine Cyprus, using the site of the Hill of Agios Georgios in Nicosia as a case study. The analysis of mobility is based on strontium isotopic data, with the aim of identifying non-local individuals and estimating their frequency in different periods of use of the site (Early Christian and Late Byzantine/Frankish). As a complementary line of evidence, dental calculus microdebris analysis was conducted to explore the potential existence of imported plants as well as any differences in the diet and environment between local and non-local individuals. The isotopic results identified one individual who likely originated outside Cyprus and several more, the number of which differs pending on the bioavailable baseline used, who were non-local to the burial site. These non-local individuals temporally span both periods under study but they are more common in the Late Byzantine/Frankish assemblage, which is in agreement with historical data pointing to elevated mobility throughout Byzantine times but more so in the later periods. From the analysis of dental calculus microremains, we only retrieved identifiable starches from individuals of non-local origin; thus, these were difficult to interpret. A small amount of starch from the millet tribe, however, allowed us to make important considerations regarding the interpretation of dental calculus data in periods of time and locations where human mobility was high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our paper (Nicolaou et al., 2020) we used age-graded mandibles to draw attritional mortality profiles which challenge the hypothesis that the hippo bone accumulation of Aetokremnos resulted from human hunting. Simmons et al. (2022) raised concerns about the methodology we used compared to the methodology used by Wopschall (2014) who drew prime-dominated mortality profiles on the very same material. Here, we compare the two methodologies, and we explain why our use of age-graded mandibles is more reliable than the use of isolated m1 and m2 molars used by Wopschall. We also address some of the commenter's objections to the arguments raised by chronology, stratigraphy and taphonomy studies which were cited in our article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon neutrality has been a global consensus to navigate away from catastrophic climate change. In particular, such climate changes also generate inevitable influences on economic securities, such as energy security and food security, through energy structure transformation etc. Energy and food are essential elements for human beings, and they are naturally linked to sustainable development. Usually, emergency events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, may threaten energy security or food security in a region, the risk of which would be amplified due to the energy-food nexus effect. This is no doubt also a challenge and an opportunity for countries to achieve carbon neutrality. To realize the stable pathways to carbon neutrality, it is important to analyze the energy scarcity risk and food scarcity risk of each industry and country as well as the nexus effect between energy and food. In this paper, we combine multi-regional input-output (MRIO) analysis with network control analysis (NCA) to investigate the dependence degree of each country and region on energy and food resources as well as the risk transmission network of the energy-food scarcity nexus. Base on this, the impact of climate policy on energy-food nexus scarcity risk is analyzed. We found some interesting conclusions. First, regarding the risk transmission network of the energy-food scarcity nexus, China, Germany and the US are the main generators, and the main receptors are Taiwan, Mexico and the Netherlands. These results imply that international trade transfers energy/food scarcity to geographically distant regions via the international supply chain. Second, as for the scarcity risk per unit of output, small economies that rely heavily on imported energy or food (such as Cyprus and Luxemburg) have the highest scarcity risk and are among the top receptors of transmitted risks. We suggest collaborative conservation and management of energy and food resources. Third, the analyses that assess the emission intensity and scarcity risk find that implementation of emission control policies could significantly decrease initial energy scarcity risk and energy-food nexus scarcity risk. This implies that besides emission reduction achievement, climate policies bring co-benefits of energy-food nexus security. Moreover, the co-benefit of energy and food nexus security for low income economies associated with climate policy is much higher than that for high income economies. • Characterized energy-food scarcity to track the risk transmission network. • Developed MRIO and NCA models to investigate the dependence degree of nexus. • Weighed initial risk of energy-food scarcity against intensity-based scheme. • Identified scarcity nexus and control allocation matrix. • Explored trends in transmission network of integral energy-food resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic aim of this study was to investigate the nurtured PT features using museums as part of the learning process. The findings were compared with the existing PT literature and offer an in-depth investigation of the PT features. The data: • Revealed the important role of narrative. • Revealed the identification of all the PT features. • Contributed to the understanding of how children's PT can be fostered through alternative learning resources such as museum visits. This was achieved through the interaction of four elements: • museum historical artefacts. • stimulus space. • children. • experts. The study provides a starting point for further research on the aspirations of Narrative and PT by drawing on learning resources associated with museum visits. This paper presents the key finding of the study through a figure and ends with suggestions for further research. The topic of Possibility Thinking (PT) has been investigated both conceptually and empirically for over a decade in early years settings and primary school classrooms. The basic aim of this study was to investigate if, and which, PT features can be nurtured when museums are used during the learning process. This study had as a sample eight primary school teachers in Cyprus with their students aged 9–10 years. It employed various data collection methods including semi-structured interviews, observations, teachers' reflections and the researcher's reflective journals. The findings were compared with the existing PT literature and offer an in-depth investigation of PT features (question posing, play, immersion, innovation, risk taking, being imaginative, self-determination and intentionality). The data revealed the important role of narrative, and the identification of all the PT features, as well as contributing to the understanding of how children's PT can be fostered through alternative learning resources such as museum visits. This was achieved through the interaction of four elements (museum historical artefacts, stimulus space, children and experts). The study provides a starting point for further research on the aspirations of Narrative and PT by drawing on learning resources associated with museum visits. This paper presents the key finding of the study through a figure and ends with suggestions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Assessment of MBT plants in Spain, Greece and Cyprus. • Optimal solution should be built upon a thorough sorting and recyclables recovery line. • Main revenues are contributed by the corrugated cardboard, the HDPE, and metals. • The high calorific value non-recycled materials should be used as alternative fuel. • Plants that mix the organic fraction with other organics achieve better quality compost. Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT; called "dirty" Materials Recovery Facilities in the U.S.) is a waste management method, developed mostly in Europe, which combines sorting of recyclable materials (metals, paper, plastics, glass) with composting/digestion of green/ food wastes and, in some cases production of a fuel material. In 2018–19, the authors visited six MBT facilities in Europe that use different approaches for the recovery of materials and energy from mixed MSW. These plants were studied with respect to feedstock composition, operating conditions, capital expenditure, financial viability and environmental impacts. The compost product of most facilities examined did not comply with agricultural standards and, therefore, it was classified as compost-like output (CLO) and used as daily cover in landfills. The best composting practice used source separated organic materials (yard and other green wastes) and yielded a marketable compost. MBT plants that did not include the recovery of fuel materials had lower landfill diversion rates and, also, lower capital and operating costs. It was concluded that an MBT plant must include a very efficient sorting and recyclables recovery line and charge a sufficient gate fee. Also, in addition to the recycled products, there should be a stream to recover fuel materials sent to a power plant or cement plant, thus increasing revenue, and landfill diversion, and maximizing greenhouse gas (GHG) savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on data from the Republic of Cyprus, this paper uncovers elementary teachers' epistemological beliefs about mathematics. Twenty-two experienced teachers were invited to individual semi-structured interviews. Thematic data-driven analyses identified three themes and eight sub-themes, which I discuss, taking their socio-cultural context into consideration. This study suggests that applying predetermined frameworks directly taken from the literature when examining teachers’ epistemological beliefs in mathematics can be problematic, as they might hinder other culturally specific beliefs from emerging. In closing, this paper presents some implications for the results on teacher education and professional development, as well as ideas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides useful insights regarding the financial implications of the currently applied Net Energy Metering (NEM) practice in Cyprus through analyzing the implemented policy under: a) the customers’ perspective and b) the utility (Electricity Authority of Cyprus) perspective. These two perspectives are known in the scientific literature as the participant cost test and the utility cost test respectively. Within the paper, the financial analysis from the customers’ perspective, it embraces the impact resulting from a series of factors influencing the viability of net-metered PV systems’ investments. Furthermore, the analysis from the utility's perspective relates to the expected costs and benefits that EAC may experience due to the current NEM rules and applied charges. Finally, the key findings pertaining to the current NEM policy's hidden financial and policy implications are critically discussed. This discussion is performed to facilitate a more diligent NEM policy that will allow further penetration of roof-top PV systems through well-informed and transparent decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The industrial sector is one of the biggest oil consumers in Cyprus, corresponding to 20% of the fuel consumption. A parabolic trough collector (PTC) system seems the best option to produce clean thermal energy at higher temperatures than those that can be achieved from the already widely used flat plate collectors on the island. This paper presents a simulation model built to investigate the performance of the first industrial PTC system in Cyprus, installed at the Cyprus biggest soft drinks factory. The simulation model is built in TRNSYS and is validated using data from the real PTC system installed at the factory. The results show a very good fitting between the operating parameters and the power output of the Solar Field (SF), Concrete Thermal Storage System (CTES), and the Steam Generator (SG). The average percentage relative error of the system's contribution to the process is less than 6.32% for the daily steam production and during a week did not exceed 6.45%. The novelty of this study is the development of a design tool that can be used by potential interested industries to identify the suitable system that fits their needs. All data are provided in the form of graphs and allow anyone to use as input data the thermal energy demand and required steam temperature of the industry to retrieve information about the size of a suitable system which satisfies these requirements depending on each case. The payback period for all cases examined varies from 2 to 6 years, depending on the size of the system. • Validated dynamic simulation model of a PTC system working under various operation modes for Industrial Process Heat application. • Evaluation of the operation modes and strategies developed to make the PTC system dispatchable. • A scaled up model for of the validated dynamic simulation model. • Development of a tool for potential interested industries in Cyprus for PTC systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offshore wind offers an excellent opportunity for domestic renewable energy production with a vast potential for future energy systems. Offshore wind resource assessment, however, can be challenging. Remote sensing data e.g., Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), provide high spatial resolution detailed information on the spatial variability of offshore wind and have been used for wind resource assessment, as well as for the long-term validation of wind speed estimates from other sources (e.g. Numerical Weather Prediction models). This paper focuses on the evaluation of a 26-month time-series of Sentinel-1 SAR Level 2 OCN products for wind resource assessment in the offshore areas around Cyprus. Sentinel data were evaluated against a 10-year regional reanalysis dataset (UERRA) time-series and wind measurements from 5 coastal meteorological stations in Cyprus. Comparison revealed an overall agreement between the fitted stations and Sentinel Weibull distributions while discrepancies exist between the two data sources and UERRA. Bias observed between Sentinel and UERRA Weibull-derived statistics appears to be spatially dependent. Preliminary wind power assessment results indicate a significant wind power potential for the southwestern offshore areas of Cyprus, surpassing 400 W / m 2 on average, offering thus economically viable solutions in terms of a future offshore wind power project development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 7, which calls for universal access to affordable, reliable, sustainable clean energy for everyone, is expected to influence near-future trends in many countries across the European Union. Retrofitting buildings is an important milestone in the evolutionary development of energy-efficient residential buildings, yet a significant proportion of the south-eastern European social-housing stock is obsolete in this area; in addition to effective retrofitting strategies for these buildings, the occupants thereof, who represent different socio-demographic backgrounds, also require in-depth study. Even though this subject has been widely investigated, new approaches that consider connections between technology and the behavioural responses of residents are needed to continuously update retrofitting design strategies and energy-efficiency solutions. This paper aims to fill a research gap in the area of developing an evidence-based framework for energy-policy decision-making mechanisms related to the integration of the Energy Performance Building Directives at the level of conceptual and nationwide implementation schemes. In general, properties in this particular sector account for approximately 38% of the total housing stock and demonstrate some of the worst housing standards in Europe. The objective of this study is to focus on the interaction of such attitudes and the underlying determinant factors thereof with socio-cultural and contextual factors. A socio-technical-systems (STS) approach is used as a theoretical framework to integrate household socio-demographic characteristics related to energy use, the thermal-conductivity level of buildings and environmental factors; and to address the question of how different contexts influence motivation to develop energy-efficiency strategies. Drawing on the STS, this study investigates domestic energy use and measures thereof in post war social housing stock in the south-eastern Mediterranean, where the climate is subtropical (Csa) and partly-semi-arid (Bsh); these designations are according to the Köppen climate classification system; to improve the energy efficiency of archetype residential tower blocks (RTBs) that are embedded and interpreted in the socio-cultural local context of Cyprus. Feed-forward interviews of 100 flats revealed a moderate negative correlation (r = −0,329, p 〈0,01) between household income and tenancy status, and there was a moderate positive relationship (r = 0,252, p < 0,05) between household income and length of residency; this indicates that household income is a determinant factor related to energy use. Of the surveyed flats, 73% were owner-occupiers whose ages ranged between 55 and 65 and 65-years-of-age and older; these age bands were in the high-income group, and the energy consumption of these households was higher than the national average, all of which demonstrates an association between the age and level-of-income factors. A moderate negative correlation (r = −0,229, p < 0,05) was found between the occupants' ages and their complaints related to thermal discomfort, which suggests that built-environment factors and household socio-demographic characteristics should be evaluated before any type of building retrofitting is developed. The study findings were implemented to develop policy design that considers the UN Sustainable Development Goals related to energy-and-recovery plans; implications on domestic energy use in the south-eastern Mediterranean climate are expected to influence future trends in EU countries. The flow diagram demonstrates the novelty of the socio-technical-systems conceptual framework developed for this study. [Display omitted] • Socio-technical associations between energy use and occupants' thermal comfort were examined. • Social households in vivo experiences on energy use were explored. • A moderate correlation (r = -0,329, p < 0,01) was found between income and type of tenancy. • A moderate correlation (r = 0,252, p < 0,05) was found between income and length of residency. • A moderate correlation (r = -0,229, p < 0,05) was found between the occupants' age and thermal discomfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the influence of natural ventilation on the indoor thermal environment in the residential vernacular architecture of Cyprus. The research was performed through a field study investigation during the hot summer period. The investigation included different ventilation strategies, i.e. daytime, full-day and night-time ventilation. Furthermore, in the case of night ventilation, different window opening patterns, i.e. single sided and cross ventilation, were examined. The results show that night ventilation is the most effective strategy for passive cooling in vernacular dwellings during the hot summer period, compared to the two other ventilation strategies. This strategy reduces peak indoor air temperatures and also improves indoor thermal conditions during the following day. Furthermore, cross ventilation, during night-time takes full advantage of the relatively low outdoor air temperatures and cools down the building envelope in the best possible way. The findings are presented in a comparative manner and evaluated in a quantitative way, offering valuable information in the relevant field. The paper presented herein confirms the positive contribution of natural ventilation for cooling in the vernacular architecture in Cyprus as well as in other areas of the eastern Mediterranean region, where similar climatic conditions, building typologies, construction materials and techniques can be found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyprus is a heavily energy-receiving country, importing over 90% of its energy demand. Since heating and cooling of buildings account for roughly half of the yearly global energy consumptions, energy efficiency in cooling/heating systems, and devising renewable energy AC systems could contribute to significant alleviation in the energy situation of Cyprus. High levels of solar radiation are available in Cyprus and any attempt to devise or implement a solar AC system with feasible costs could be worthwhile. In this paper, energy performance and power generation of a variable refrigerant flow (VRF) heat pump system integrated with PV technology in a 5-story residential building in Cyprus are investigated. The yearly horizontal radiation intensity in the selected locations ranges from 1,784 to 1,882 kWh/m2. Yearly VRF power consumption ranges from 14,005 to 18,710 kWh and a PV array with a total capacity of 13 kW can generate between 23,200 and 23,650 kWh annually. PV arrays satisfy 126–166% of the annual VRF energy demand. Moreover, the installation of the PV system reduces approximately 14 tons of CO 2 each year. Finally, an economic feasibility study indicates that the installation of PV arrays for this application in all investigated locations is financially profitable and for a 20-year investment period, the net present value of the project would vary from 4,843 to 13,355 $. • Energy performance and power generation of VRF-PV technology residential building in Cyprus is investigated. • The yearly horizontal radiation intensity in the selected locations ranges from 1,784 to 1,882 kWh/m2. • PV arrays satisfy 126–166% of the annual VRF energy demand. • The installation of the PV system reduces approximately 14 tons of CO 2 each year. • The value of the project would vary from 83,947 to 88,647 $ for 20-year investment period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Island colonisation and adaptive responses of humans to newly colonised environments during the Pleistocene is hotly debated in archaeological discourse globally. Investigating these occurrences enables us to better understand the human condition and is a useful proxy of early human cognition. This paper reviews the evidence for Pleistocene maritime knowledge (sea crossings and adaptations) for the island of Cyprus, the palaeoclimatic and palaeonvironmental context for the arrival of early humans on the island, and the existing lithic evidence regarding a potential Pleistocene colonisation. The island of Cyprus in the Eastern Mediterranean is an important nexus for addressing these phenomena. However, its potential in elucidating early human maritime movement and adaptations has remained largely unexplored. The recent discovery of reliable evidence for the Pleistocene exploitation of other islands around the world makes the absence of Pleistocene archaeology from Cyprus, the third largest island in the Mediterranean, very puzzling and calls for systematic research on the matter. In doing so, it puts forward the need for focused multidisciplinary methodological approaches and, crucially, disentanglement from persisting outdated narratives regarding the early human past as our best means in progressing the study of Pleistocene Cyprus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management of health and safety in micro-firms (<10 employees) is a critical issue due to their lack of resources and the limited – in certain cases – knowledge on the subject. It is also an under-researched area in the international safety literature. The present paper is based on a Nationwide Survey with the cooperation of the relevant health and safety authority among micro-firms in several economic sectors. Micro-firms comprise a major percentage of business firms in a small economy like Cyprus. The survey involved the workers and the owners/managers of the firms, but also obtained information for compliance and safety performance of the particular firms from safety inspectors. The present research approach overcomes potential problems of common method bias when all data are obtained from the same group of respondents. The main purpose of this survey is to explore the organizational determinants of safety performance at the workplace in micro-firms. The paper presents only the results related to the perceptions of owners/managers and safety inspectors. Information was collected on demographic characteristics of firms and major influencing factors of safety performance such as employee participation in safety decisions, worker willingness to use personal protection measures, and safety training. The analysis of data has produced some interesting results showing the relationship between safety policy and good practices on the one hand and safety performance on the other, even in micro-firms. The safety performance measure, an index comprising several safety performance aspects assessed by the health and safety inspectors, has a positive and statistically significant correlation with the existence of safety policy in a firm, as stated by the owners/managers of firms. It has also a positive and statistically significant association with the written risk assessment of new equipment and the perceived employee willingness to use PPE (personal protection equipment). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The size of the business and the peculiarities of the Cypriot context impact on the perception and management of psychosocial risks. • Difficulties in identifying psychosocial risks are related to the lack of training and awareness within micro-enterprises in Cyprus. • The participation of smaller enterprises in our sample comparing to ESENER's has fueled significant differences. • Additional research is required for the case of micro SMEs. Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) constitute the cornerstone of the economy in each country, especially in the European Union, where they are perceived as main components for economic development, innovation, employment and social integration. Effective management of occupational safety and health (OSH) in MSEs' working environment contributes in sustaining corporate longevity and protects workers' well-being and productivity. This may become essential, especially for economies that are struggling to recover from economic recession. One essential aspect of OSH involves the identification and management of psychosocial risks. EU-OSHA (2010) has launched two significant surveys related to psychosocial risks; named ESENER 1 and ESENER 2. Since micro-enterprises (employing 1–5 employees) were not included in ESENER 2 (EU-OSHA, 2015), an important part of the picture has been left unattended on a European level. This paper aims to address this gap by focussing on the case of Cyprus, since insufficient amount of micro enterprises from Cyprus participated in ESENER 2. A survey utilising ESENER-2 questions was adapted for exploring micro-enterprises' employees' perceptions and awareness about psychosocial risks and their management in the work setting. The main differences and some similarities that were spotted between the results of this study and ESENER-2 results regarding Cyprus are highlighted. The differences indicate that the size of the business and the peculiarities of the Cypriot context impact on the perception and management of psychosocial risks. Further research is required in the field of microenterprises that employ from 1 to 5 people, on an EU and international level with a special focus on psychosocial risk issues in micro-enterprises at the service sector and family businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) are broadly cultivated in the Mediterranean but their environmental footprint is not very well studied. In this paper, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was applied to determine the energy balance, carbon and water footprints (CF and WF, respectively) in 50 farms, organic and conventional, where four MAP species were cultivated; spearmint (Mentha spicata), oregano (Oreganum vulgare), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and Damask rose (Rosa damascena). The lowest value for energy intensity (EI) was observed for organic spearmint (0.18 MJ/kg fresh weight; f.w.) while the highest for conventional Damask rose (5.80 MJ/kg f.w.). Statistically significant differences were observed in EI between organic and conventional farms for spearmint and Damask rose while no differences were found for oregano and rosemary. The lowest CF was observed for organic rosemary (0.051 kg CO 2 -eq/kg f.w.) while the highest for conventional Damask rose (0.463 kg CO 2 -eq/kg f.w.). Statistical differences in the CF between organic and conventional farms for the four species followed the same pattern as for EI. Conventional spearmint had the lowest WF (61.5 L of water/kg f.w.) and organic Damask rose the highest (1522 L of water/kg f.w.). Statistical differences between the two management systems were observed only for Damask rose. The 50 farms were grouped according to the values of three indicators (EI, CF and WF) using cluster analysis. Four clusters were identified with 68% of the farms (34) belonging to the low footprint cluster which contained organic and conventional spearmint, oregano and rosemary farms. The other three clusters contained the (16) Damask rose farms, where the inputs were higher in comparison to the other three species and the highest footprint clusters contained conventional rose farms. Our work suggests that MAPs are viable candidates for the implementation of sustainable agriculture in the Mediterranean. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pedagogies for children's aspiration of Possibility Thinking (PT) have been investigated for over a decade in early year and primary settings. This study focuses on qualitative findings related to the involvement of teachers in inspiring PT amongst 9–10-year-old children using museums as part of their learning, in Cyprus. Eight educators participated in the study, and findings were compared to existing literature, providing a detailed exploration of how they engaged with their students for inspiring their PT. The analysis revealed that educators had three distinct stages of involvement in facilitating PT: creating the narrative (taking an active role), participating in the narrative (actively engaging), and supporting the narrative (taking a more passive role at times). These findings serve as a starting point for future research on pedagogies that foster PT using alternative learning resources like museums. This paper presents the key findings of the study and concludes with suggestions for further research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Cyprus is planning to develop in the next few years one solar thermal power plant with a capacity of about 50 MW. Therefore, in this paper solar power systems are analyzed with respect to their technical characteristics, the cost of electricity produced and the land area required. The latter is very important for Cyprus as seaside areas are very expensive. Such a solar power station however should be located near the sea close to an existing power station. An additional reason is that such a solar plant can be combined with solar desalination to produce fresh water from seawater which is also a precious commodity for Cyprus. Based mainly on their industrial maturity and the advantages mentioned in this paper, the parabolic trough system seems to be to best one to apply. From a preliminary investigation of the various possible areas the author believes that the Vasilikos area near to the existing Vasilikos power station is the most suitable for such a system to be installed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper the design and simulation of two renewable-based standalone energy systems for application in two different locations are carried out. More specifically, the systems examined are a standalone PV system and a standalone hybrid PV–Wind system. The locations considered are those of Nicosia, Cyprus and Nice, France. These two locations have similar Mediterranean climates with different wind potential and slightly different solar irradiation levels which lead to interesting conclusions concerning the application of such systems. Since both systems are standalone, the energy produced is stored in a battery bank. The software used for the modeling and simulation processes is TRNSYS. The results of this paper define the optimal type and size of the renewable-based system to be applied in each of the locations examined at the minimum system cost. Additionally, a comparison of the two systems for both locations in terms of technical and economic aspects is presented where it is concluded that the type of the system to be used in each case is directly depended on the climatic characteristics of the specific location. More specifically, for Nicosia the solely PV system provides a better option than the PV–Wind hybrid system while in Nice the opposite is the case. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The paper focuses on the methodology for modeling the thermal response of vertical Ground Heat Exchangers (GHEs), when imposing underground water flow and a temperature gradient on the numerical model to represent the temperature of the depth profile. Four underground layers with different properties were studied, in order to identify their contribution in the total response of the GHE. In more detail, vertical GHEs in water saturated and dry soils, with or without water flow, are modeled with the equations that govern the heat transfer being presented. The numerical solution of the equations is based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) with boundary values. The model is validated with actual data of a Thermal Response Test (TRT) carried out in Lakatameia, Cyprus. Using the validated model, the heat injection rate of a GHE is investigated by determining the effect of the (a) summer and winter mode of operation, (b) underground temperature variation in depths smaller than 7 m due to daily and seasonal changes, (c) borehole radius, (d) borehole grout properties, (e) U-tube diameter, (f) U-tube leg and borehole centers distance, and (g) groundwater flow velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper looks at teachers’ perceptions of difficulties and emotions about a recent policy initiative in the Greek-Cypriot educational system to promote peaceful coexistence. This policy initiative by the government sparked strong emotional reactions. This paper provides an in-depth understanding of the intersection between tensions at the larger socio-political landscape and teachers’ emotional readiness to deal with this policy initiative. To do so, the paper draws on the findings of a quantitative and a qualitative study conducted during the end of the 2008–2009 school year. Possible implications are discussed for educational policy and teacher education. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper addresses some of the questions raised in a debate between and in the Journal of Political Economy. At issue is what, on the basis of theory, the behaviour of households should be in relation to expenditure on food, as household size increases. One argument is that expenditure on food, per capita, should increase as household size increases, but analysis of the data gives very different results. Questions arise as to whether food is a public or private good within households, how food compares to clothing and whether there can be substitution away from food, for example towards clothing. For the purposes of addressing these and related questions in the Cyprus context, a household budget survey was undertaken, in which 625 responses were obtained. The paper describes the survey and uses the results of the survey to run regressions to identify the variables that relate significantly to expenditure on food. What we add to the discussion is the analysis of the determinants of expenditure on food in Cyprus, and the categorisation of this expenditure into food at home, take-away food, food in pubs and cafes, and food in restaurants. Our results tend to support ; we find, for example, that clothing is more private than food. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this paper, a new method to calculate the average spatial distribution of air pollutants based on diffusive sampling measurements and artificial neural networks evaluation is presented. Most established methods like interpolation algorithms are inflexible or limited in considering important distribution parameters such as emission sources or land use. Of special interest are air quality measurements since they provide a direct view on the actual pollutant level. With diffusive samplers, the average concentration of many gaseous species over a large area can be determined simultaneously. During a project in Cyprus, NO2 diffusive samplers were exposed at 270 sites in six month-long campaigns throughout one year providing the database for the model described in this paper. A multilayer perceptron was trained with the NO2 measurement data and distribution parameters like population density and meteorological parameters using a 1×1km grid covering Cyprus. The best fit could be achieved with an emissions inventory including previously simulated concentration plumes and population density data as input nodes for the neural network, resulting in realistic maps of the annual average distribution of NO2 in Cyprus. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper examines one important dimension of inclusive education: the development of in-service teacher education courses. Using an example from Cyprus, it discusses the issue of contextualizing teacher training courses to suit teachers' prior knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about inclusion. The paper considers some of the findings of a survey about issues relating to inclusion. The findings suggest that teachers' conceptualizations of inclusion are problematic. According to the findings, teachers tend to think on the basis of a medical and charity model and they favour special schooling for specific groups of children. The discussion considers how a training course for inclusion can be academically robust and professionally useful, while at the same time taking into consideration teachers' prior knowledge and expectations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A review of the literature on small economies and on telecommunications policy suggests that policy makers disregard the possible effects of the size of the economy on liberalisation outcomes. This paper builds on the literature on small economies to classify economy size according to economic, demographic, and geographical measures in order to empirically examine whether small size affects the effective culmination of liberalisation of telecommunications. A cluster of small economies that have a maximum population of 9.2 million (Guinea), GDP of US $86.17 billion (Singapore), and arable area of 19.3thousandkm2 (Central African Republic) are the main focus of analysis. In particular, the paper capitalises on an in-depth analysis of the liberalisation of telecommunications in Cyprus and an econometric analysis of the respective European experience. The country-specific outcomes of liberalisation in Cyprus are consistent with the general tendency in small European economies and jointly provide strong evidence that smallness affects the success of liberalisation. The paper concludes with an array of policy suggestions for small economies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this study, the application of modern recycling technologies in accordance with the European and Cyprus legislation, aiming at the recovery of paper, glass, plastics, aluminium and non-ferrous metals from municipal solid waste (MSW) is presented. The international situation was reviewed, the general trends are marked and the main recycling practices treatments are reported. The paper presents also an overview of the current practices and their environmental implications in Cyprus, and discusses the design and feasibility of a recycling plant located in Pafos area. Three recycling practices for recyclables that were separated at source, varied by their level of automation (0%, 50%, 100%), have been studied from the technical and economic aspect. It was considered that source segregation of organic part from the MSW takes place and no organic matter reaches the recycling plant. A sensitivity analysis was carried out in order to define the most significant parameters affecting the viability of a recycling scheme. It is proved that a fully automated recycling plant with a capacity of 6tn/h of recyclables located in the industrial area of Pafos, seems to be conditionally feasible and economically profitable solution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Cyprus is an island state whose energy production is almost completely dependent on imported hydrocarbon fuels. Its electricity production sector is more than 90% dependent on oil products while the remaining 9% are covered by imports of coal (4.5%) and by solar energy (4.5%). Because Cyprus will become a full member of the European Union (EU), it becomes essential to follow the EU white paper rules and insert renewable energy sources (RES) as part of its energy production system. Solar, wind energy and biomass are the three available forms of RES. This paper will examine and analyze the energy system of Cyprus. It will examine the RES available and the extent of the energy needs could be satisfied by them. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Historic urban quarters are special places not only due to the cultural heritage that they house, but also due to their urban pattern. Many such quarters are in a danger of losing their traditional character if relevant measures are not put in place to ensure the continuity of this character. This paper proposes a new method—based on SWOT analysis—for identifying and assessing the key criteria of historic urban quarters; from its findings it proceeds to derive an appropriate revitalization strategy. In order to illustrate the implications of the proposed methodology, to check its validity, and to see how it empirically works, the paper uses the Walled City of Nicosia in Cyprus as a case study. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In recent years tourism has become one of the fastest growing sectors of the world economy and is widely recognised for its contribution to regional and national economic development.The main aim of the paper is to propose a methodological framework within which the impact of characteristics of a tourism product on foreign travel can be captured and analysed. This is achieved by combining the Lancasterian product characteristics approach with the Koppelman''s consumer transportation model. Within the proposed model the characteristics of the tourism product/destination including quality of service, advertising and political instability are combined to generate a perception/feeling regarding the tourism destination in the mind of the tourists. In order to measure these perceptions/feelings and, hence, develop a preference ordering, the model is estimated by utilising a conditional Logit analysis. The analysis is based on primary data collected from tourists visiting Cyprus. The conditional Logit model generates the probability of revisit given the characteristics of tourists and the Cyprus tourism product. The paper extends further the Lancaster product characteristics framework as applied to tourism by Rugg (Rev. Econom. Stat. 55(1) (1973) 64), Morley (Ann. Tourism Res. 19 (1992) 250) and Papatheodorou (Ann. Tourism Res. 28 (2001) 164) by including the neglected but from any viewpoint important political instability characteristic that is attached to the tourist product of Cyprus. The inclusion of product characteristics/attributes in tourism analysis appear to strongly contribute towards the better understanding of travel choice behaviour. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The production and consumption of avocado has increased significantly over the past years, experiencing a steady expansion into new markets around the world. This review paper focuses on avocado cultivation in its new markets with hot-summer Mediterranean climate. A significant literature gap exists on the viability of this crop in such data environments which experience limited availability of water in the summer exacerbated by climate change and potential salinity issues in irrigation water, typical in coastal regions. Strategies for handling salinity usually aim at preventing the build-up of salts in the root zone, while studies on the response of avocado trees to saline water have shown that it is highly influenced by rootstock selection. In this review paper priority is given to the appropriate irrigation water characteristics both in terms of quantity and quality for different tree sizes, soil characteristics and irrigation methods, including the use of reclaimed wastewater. Also, the effects of irrigation (frequency/amount) on fruit productivity are studied. This review also highlights the role of fertigation as well as the importance of a soil moisture and salinity monitoring. It is strongly suggested to use soil moisture sensor networks (precision agriculture) in avocado cultivations, to optimize irrigation management and promote water sustainability. Given the increasing dynamic in the expansion of this crop, especially in European countries with this climate type such as southern Italy, Spain, Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, among others, this review paper is expected to provide guidance on avocado cultivation in these regions with focus on its viability under water scarcity and salinity conditions. [Display omitted] • Avocado cultivation is rapidly expanding in hot-summer Mediterranean climate regions. • Salinity and water scarcity are important issues limiting yields in these regions. • Irrigation frequency and amount are crucial parameters for fruit productivity. • Precision agriculture techniques should be adopted for increased avocado yields. • Fertigation is recommended to increase the efficiency of fertilization in avocados. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green roofs are considered as an appropriate nature-based measure to increase the environmental resilience of cities. This paper examines this technological solution applied to typical urban residential buildings in the Mediterranean island of Cyprus, with respect to energy, environmental, and economic aspects. The analysis shows a clearly positive energy and environmental contribution of green roofs. Although such an investment does not seem to be cost-effective in residential buildings, sensitivity analysis demonstrates that green roofs become financially favorable compared to flat roof constructions with only modest reductions in their current installation cost. Moreover, green roofs offer environmental benefits that are currently difficult to monetize, which can clearly improve urban resilience to climate change. In order to quantify the impact of green roof installations on the surrounding environment, the analysis was expanded from the individual building perspective to neighborhood scale implementation, using appropriate simulation software to evaluate the contribution of green roofs to urban heat island mitigation. Focusing on the ambient air temperature at the pedestrian level, a noticeable decrease was estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates how different scientific disciplines can be successfully merged for efficient real life applications. We propose a novel approach to a social science application using artificial intelligence, by suggesting a neural network designto anticipate or predict people’s perceptions regarding the Cyprus conflict and the peace mediation process.Our novel model is based on associating people’s views and thoughts on critical issues related to the conflict together with their anticipation for securing a peace treaty by year 2020. Our database is our own and has been collected through completed surveys by the international relations department students at the Near East University. The obtained digitally-coded values of the entire database as well as the proposed associative neural predicting model can be further used in training and testing the neural model, which certainly waives the way for further research in this rare application area for artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hotel units are responsible for a significant proportion of energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the tourist sector. This paper focuses on the energy and environmental performance of hot-water production systems utilized by high class hotels in Cyprus in order to formulate appropriate carbon emission mitigation strategies. The main systems used are boilers fired by Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Diesel oil, air-source heat pumps and flat plate solar collectors. The results show that the combination of air-source heat pumps with flat plate solar collectors leads to the lowest primary energy consumption. Therefore, improving the sustainability of the tourism sector in Cyprus requires to phase out the usage of boiler systems that are currently in use in almost all four star and five star hotels and promote the use of solar thermal systems in combination with air-source heat pumps. These findings are relevant for island states and other popular tourist destinations sharing similar characteristics with those of Cyprus and provide a framework for national authorities to plan an appropriate energy and environmental upgrade of the hotel stock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing integration of variable renewable technologies at distribution feeders, mainly solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, presents new challenges to grid operators for accurately forecasting demand. This renders the transitioning from load to net load forecasting (NLF) imperative. A new methodology was proposed in this paper for direct short-term NLF at the distribution level, using a Bayesian neural network model. The proposed model was optimized with decision heuristics based on a statistical post-processing stage (i.e., clustering of daily irradiance patterns) for improved performance. Model validation was performed using historical numerical weather predictions and net load data from three distribution feeders (with PV shares ranging from 2.5% to 34.2%) in Cyprus. The optimally constructed model achieved high forecasting accuracies, exhibiting normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) <5% when applied to the distribution feeders. Statistical post-processing further improved the model's forecasting accuracy, achieving nRMSE values <1.3%. Finally, the results demonstrated the suitability of the NLF methodology for distribution feeders with diverse PV penetration shares, rendering the proposed method applicable to distribution system operators for decision making and efficient planning. • Presenting a direct short-term net load forecasting method for distribution systems. • Applying Bayesian neural networks and statistics to improve performance accuracy. • Verifying the method on existing distribution feeders with different solar shares. • Demonstrating high forecasting accuracies and outperforming naïve methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past couple of decades, the number of wildfires and area of land burned around the world has been steadily increasing, partly due to climatic changes and global warming. Therefore, there is a high probability that more people will be exposed to and endangered by forest fires. Hence there is an urgent need to design pervasive systems that effectively assist people and guide them to safety during wildfires. This paper examines the potential of mobile applications to be employed to assist people to escape wildfires in real-time, by means of using and evaluating EscapeWildFire, a system for suggesting evacuation paths to mobile phone users in real-time. Two different evaluation strategies are followed: (a) Considering different areas of the island of Cyprus as case studies with simulated wildfires and actual users and (b) Considering a historic wildfire that occurred in Amarillo, Texas in 2011. Results in both cases show that mobile apps can effectively be employed to assist people to escape wildfires, but their use is heavily dependent on a backend system that supports the precise modelling of the wildfire. The time between the wildfire outbreak and the notification reaching the user is crucial for their safety. Various recommendations for improvements have been recorded based on either the feedback of participants in the case studies or the observations from the Texas wildfire. The code of the mobile app, backend and administration interface used are all open-source; fire authorities around the world are encouraged to further investigate this opportunity and adopt this approach. • A method for assisting citizens to escape wildfires in real-time via mobile apps. • System implementation is realistic solution to the problem under study based on various requirements and design aspects. • Evaluation of method and system in various diverse scenarios. • Implemented system operates correctly, it is accepted by the users and easy to use. • Numerous recommendations recorded, an indication of the problem's complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Degree of dewatering as a consequence of the substrate/mortar interaction is studied. • Dewatering mortars by means of copper tailings were reported for the first time. • Dewatering has shown to critically affect the properties of the resultant mortars. • Improved physical and mechanical properties of dewatered mortars are attained. • Use of copper tailings in mortars supports environmental and social sustainability. The unexpected closure of the mine processing area of Lefke-Xeros generated the largest environmental disaster in the recent history of Northern Cyprus. The mining area, formed the biggest industry on the island in 1950s, was unpredictably closed and left all mine tailings and equipment behind without any preservation towards the environmental remediation nor sustainable rehabilitation for the locality. Substantial increase in the cost of energy supply, determination to decrease CO 2 emissions and to reduce the consumption of natural materials on the other hand, are the major challenges in construction practice. The paper is investigating the consequences of dewatering by means of recycling copper mine tailings in mortars both for the sustainable development of construction materials and for the socio-economic recovery of Lefke-Xeros area of Cyprus. The degree of dewatering as a consequence of the substrate/mortar interaction on the mechanical and physical properties of cement and lime mortars containing copper tailings are reported in the paper. Physical measurements provided an insight into the actual effect of dewatering on the resistance of freezing and thawing action of mortars containing copper tailings. The use of copper tailings and therefore the degree of dewatering have shown to play a substantial role in the decrease in thermal conductivity and increase in cost efficiency of these mortars in construction practice. The results reported in this paper significantly contribute in the sustainable development of construction materials through the use of mine tailings to support environmental sustainability and socio-economic development of Lefke-Xeros area of Cyprus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egyptian fisheries are in decline, which is usually a sign of overfishing. Even though some fishing regulations in Egypt exist on paper, compliance and enforcement are often lacking. Recently, the Egyptian government undertook reforms of the main fisheries legal framework. This paper examines these reforms by presenting key modifications and the articles added into this new fisheries law. The new law seeks to unify all legislation regulating fishing as well as the existing management bodies. This law will define the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ), which allows Egypt to manage fishing within a distance of up to the equidistant median line with Cyprus in the Mediterranean and with Saudi Arabia and Israel in the Red Sea. In addition the new law implements the creation of a Marine Communication Center (MCC) to trace the activities of fishing vessels. The reinforcement of sanctions in the new law and the establishment of the MCC could help to reduce IUU activities and violations of regulations. However, the law lacks clear long-term objectives to ensure fisheries sustainability and to guide the decision-making process. The last section includes some reflections on how the implementation of the new fisheries law could improve the situation towards more sustainable fisheries. • Egyptian fisheries are in decline both in the Mediterranean and the Red Seas. • Regulations in Egypt exist, but compliance and enforcement are often lacking. • This paper examines the legal reform in the Egyptian fisheries law. • A new Marine Communication Center will be established to trace fishing vessels. • Tougher sanctions in the new law would help to reduce the IUU and violations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to examine the factors affecting the sizing and positioning of Ground Heat Exchangers (GHEs) in Cyprus. This is achieved through the investigation of the influence of the temperature, thermal conductivity, specific heat and density of the ground as well as pipe diameter on the performance of GHEs using computer software modelling in conjunction with test data. Also, the long term temperature variation of the ground around the boreholes is examined since this affects the positioning of the GHEs. Because of the large number of parameters involved in the design the desired result can be achieved in various ways by considering the specific parameters. The results of the simulations have shown that, generally speaking, the island of Cyprus is suitable for geothermal heat pumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many cases, antiquities are threatened due to the lack of a spatial planning that takes into consideration the sensitivity of these sites. As with in land sites, spatial planning is needed for coastal and sea sites too, in order to design current and future activities. The recently (2014) adopted Marine Spatial Planning directive (Directive 2014/89/EU) will be implemented – for the first time – by all EU member states by 2020. The specific goal of this directive is to establish a framework for maritime spatial planning (MSP) aiming to foster coordinated and coherent decision-making, to maximize the sustainable development, economic growth and social cohesion. For these tasks, MSP should take into consideration the protection of cultural heritage (both underwater and coastal) as well to intensify integrated planning for coastal areas. In addition, the European marine region of Mediterranean Sea adheres the Barcelona Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean adopted in 1995, with Cyprus being one of the 22 Contracting Parties. MSP can be extremely complicated since a variety of activities need to be planned keeping at the same time a balance from one hand between the ecosystem, cultural and natural Heritage and on the other economic growth. Within this framework, the present paper discusses the assessment and evaluation of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) related to the pressures to historical and archaeological coastal sites in Cyprus, using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). As evidenced from the present study, MSP is an efficient strategic way for protecting known CH sites, as well as for future prevention and safeguarding of either known or unknown (i.e. unexcavated) sites, by reallocating various activities potentially threatening CH monuments and landscapes, both marine and littoral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful introduction of LRT systems is inevitably related to the realistic estimation of their ridership; this is particularly true for cases of no prior experience in the use of such modes in the part of the traveling public. This paper presents a practical approach for developing a direct demand model, for the case of a planned LRT system in Cyprus connecting the three major cities of Nicosia, Larnaca and Limassol. The proposed approach is based on existing traffic demand data and limited roadside surveys. Results indicate that the introduction of the proposed LRT would attract a moderate number of 23,000 passengers daily and shift a small percentage of 3.5% of traffic to the system. It was also found that approximately 33% of these trips correspond to the urban section of the network, while about 62% of the estimated ridership will use the part of the system connecting Nicosia and Larnaca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hundreds of years of empirical expertise resulted in the development of vernacular dwellings adapted to the local climate and geomorphology in order to accommodate the daily needs of the occupants. In this respect, vernacular architecture has a lot to teach contemporary architects and engineers in terms of environmentally responsive design. This paper reports on the findings of a field research and literature study that was undertaken in the framework of a two-year funded research programme which investigates the environmental design dimensions of rural vernacular dwellings in the coastal, lowland and mountainous regions of Cyprus which feature diverse topographical, geological and climatic characteristics. The investigation of a significant number of rural settlements led to the selection of representative case studies, as well as to the selection and tabulation of a large number of vernacular dwellings, in the settlements in question. Special attention was paid to the interrelation of the building typology, semi-open and open spaces configuration, materials, construction techniques and openings (size and position) with aspects of environmental design. A series of diverse bioclimatic design features, related to outdoor microclimatic control, passive cooling and heating techniques, were recorded in each climatic region. The research results note that vernacular architecture addresses successfully specific adaptation challenges imposed by local conditions.Moreover, it indicates that vernacular architecture presents itself as a model for a sustainable design approach. The findings of this study may be of interest in the broader Eastern Mediterranean region where similar typological, constructional and spatial characteristics are incorporated in vernacular architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is estimated that 200 million girls/women are living with Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). FGM is a violation of human rights. It has detrimental effects on girls/women's physical and psychological health. Nurses and midwives have an essential role in the management and prevention of FGM. The aim of this paper is to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of nurses and midwives in Cyprus and Kenya regarding FGM. A quantitative methodology was applied with the use of an online survey. The sample consisted of 231 Kenyan and Cyprus nurses and midwives. Most of the participants reported being aware of the issue of FGM. It seems that no protocols exist in managing FGM complications. Although participants have some knowledge regarding FGM, results revealed the need for further training. They underlined the need for adoption or development of protocols at workplace. Some participants seemed to be skeptical regarding the medicalization of FGM. • FGM is a violation of human rights • FGM affects girls/women's physical and psychological health • Midwives expressed the need for training on FGM [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy efficient renovation of the existing housing stock is imperative to reduce building energy consumption since the building sector in Europe accounts for an estimated 40% of the energy used from all sectors and more than 80% of the buildings today will still exist in 2020. Following Europe’s energy objectives, the paper investigates, based on the European Union Directives, the current energy refurbishment rates and examines the future energy performance of the Cyprus housing stock, in order to determine if they are adequate in achieving the Europe energy targets. The research focuses on pilot houses in Cyprus, which include dwellings from all typologies as classified, according to the IEE project EPISCOPE. The houses were monitored and based on the collected data and the performed simulations, their current and future energy performance are presented in the form of Energy Performance Indicators (EPIs). From the study, it is observed that with the current trends the national climate protection energy targets are unattainable. This is mainly due to the inadequate rate and depth of energy refurbishment of the existing housing stock and the ineptness of the Directives to address effectively the reduction of the cooling energy needs in the new constructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Routine measurements of irradiance are valuable for many research fields such as energy applications. However, ground data of solar global radiation can present questionable values. In this study, a set of check procedures is used to test the quality of shortwave and longwave radiation measurements taken at two actinometric stations in Cyprus (Athalassa-inland location and Larnaca-coastal location), during the period November 2012–July 2014. The testing procedures include physically possible limits for all the radiation components and comparisons between global radiation and the sum of direct and diffuse radiation. The quality process is implemented to both the 10-min averaged irradiances, hourly irradiation and the respective daily values. This paper reviews the currently available procedures for quality assessment of the solar shortwave and longwave irradiation data. In the present study, the first level of test includes physical possible limits which are determined by the Daylight Research Group and the Baseline Surface Radiation Network of the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). The second level of test is a semi-automated procedure that is based on the creation of an envelope in the clearness index and the diffuse to global irradiance ratio. The third level of test is based on the comparison of various radiation parameters including comparison of measured extreme values with theoretical estimations from clear sky-models. The fourth level of test of the quality control procedure refers to the analysis of daily and annual variations of the radiation parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unexpected closure of the operations at an abandoned mine in the Lefke-Xeros area of Cyprus has resulted in an enormous environmental degradation and health hazards in the locality. In order to explore the possible ways for the rehabilitation of the abandoned mine site as well as to suggest alternative waste management approaches, gold mine tailings of Lefke-Xeros area are incorporated in cement mortars in this paper. Experimental measures such as compressive strength, water penetration depth, porosity, resistance to freeze/thaw cycling and carbonation depth of cement mortars incorporating gold tailings, carried out over the period of 9 months, have shown to be improved significantly. The release of heavy metals of cement mixtures incorporating gold tailings were substantially lower than the limits of US Code of Regulations. Cost effectiveness analysis also validated the efficient use of gold tailings both as cement and sand replacement in these mortars. Particularly, it is shown in the paper that the use of 30% gold tailings as a binder replacement resulted in a 22% decrease in the CO 2 emissions arises from cement manufacturing. It must be emphasized that the use of gold tailings does not only result in a considerable reduction in CO 2 emissions originates from cement production but also plays a crucial role in sustaining a healthy ecosystem of the immediate environment after the closure of mine sites and helps maintaining the economic growth of the locality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantification of food waste is a significant challenge of the environmental community, which advocates both in the context of good circular economy practices, and more broadly, in the context of efficient management of resources policies. The European Commission has already adopted a regulation on the principles and methodologies to be followed in cases of food waste quantification, a regulation that all its Member States are obliged to implement. The purpose of this study is to indicate specific aspects of the application of this Directive in an isolated island Member State of the European Union, the Republic of Cyprus, as well as to present and discuss the specific findings of this analysis. The main research question that this paper attempts to answer concerns the peculiarities that arise in the case of food waste generated in isolated island states, considering additional special conditions. The working methodology is based on integrated mass balances, covering all stages of food waste generation, from the primary sector and processing to the retail sector, food services (i.e. restaurants), and households, using the mass balance method, which is considered to be a good practice in accordance to the relevant EU regulation. This work seeks to provide food for thought for the review of future policies in the sector, especially in terms of islands, isolated states, or even countries with large tourist flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multifunctional farming sector in Cyprus poses threats on the island’s water resources, but highly contributes to the protection of the cultural identity and to the provision of incomes and employment in its rural areas. These services are externalities, as farmers are not remunerated in markets for the environmental and cultural services they provide, nor for the fact that they maintain vivid rural areas. This paper presents an application of the Choice Experiment method, in order to evaluate these non-traded outputs of Cypriot agriculture. The results of the empirical analysis demonstrate that the Cypriot public is in favor of a less intensive pattern of agriculture. Furthermore, Cypriots are willing to pay in order to mitigate adverse environmental effects of agriculture, to improve cultural heritage and to safeguard the continuation of farming trade on the island. The estimated benefits often exceed income losses from changes in the cropping pattern towards extensification, which verifies that EU rural development policies are regarded as beneficial by the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper mining and processing activities at an abandoned mine in the Lefke-Xeros area of Cyprus have created a huge environmental contamination problem in the locality. As an alternative mitigation and management measure, we reported in previous studies that these tailings could be used as a concrete making material. In this paper, results of an experimental investigation of the reinforcement corrosion performance and cost efficiency of 0.57 and 0.50 w/b ratio concrete containing copper tailings either as a cement replacement or an additive material are presented. The time to initiation of corrosion and half-cell potential (HCP) of reinforcements were measured. Actual corrosion status of extracted reinforcement bars was also verified by visual inspection. Results showed that while early corrosion initiation occurred in some samples containing tailings as a cement replacement material, delayed corrosion initiation was observed in all samples containing copper tailings as an additive. Although HCP values became slightly more electronegative as tailings content of samples increased, no substantial reinforcement corrosion was observed. Based on corrosion performance and cost efficiency analyses, utilization of 5% pre-wetted tailings either as a cement replacement or an additive material is the best tailings reuse approach. Increased tourism-related businesses associated with reduced pollution of the Lefke-Xeros coastal area would have a positive impact on the socioeconomic status of the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]