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In recent years tree planting as a response to climate change has acquired a very high profile amongst policy-makers, scientists, the media, and the public. This 'afforestation', however, requires space: that is, land. Agriculture currently occupies very large areas of land globally meaning that it is commonly targeted as needing to make way for tree planting, and making farmers important gatekeepers to this climate change mitigation strategy. Given the importance of farming sector media outlets in reflecting, shaping and leading values and attitudes amongst the agricultural community, this paper investigates how tree planting is presented within the UK's two leading sectoral publications, Farmers Guardian and Farmers Weekly. We sample coverage at four points over a two-year period (2019–2021) which began with high-profile national media and scientific engagement with the topic. Our analysis reveals very low levels of coverage within these key publications with, on average, just 1 in 200 articles within our sample focussing on tree planting. Within this limited coverage we identify four themes which range from hostility towards the notion of trees on farms replacing agricultural practices, through to occasional recognition of the positive roles that trees on farms can play in climate change mitigation. Arguably, the lack of legitimisation within the coverage constitutes a significant barrier to woodland expansion on agricultural land. We conclude that farming media outlets could play a much stronger role in supporting the agricultural community to understand how it could contribute to climate change mitigation through bringing trees 'in' to farming systems, and to the normalisation of this within modern farming culture. • Farmers are gatekeepers to tree planting as a climate change mitigation strategy. • Investigates how tree planting is presented in the UK's farming sector press. • Our media analysis reveals on average, just 1 in 200 articles focus on tree planting. • Themes range from hostility to trees on farms to the positive impacts they can have. • Farming media could play a stronger role in bringing trees 'in' to farming systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are 1.37 million children and young people (CYP) with special educational needs and disability (SEND) in the UK. These CYP have more complex needs and may require more expertise, support and reasonable adjustments in the dental setting. There are high levels of unmet dental need for this cohort of CYP. Unmanaged dental disease, such as dental caries, can impact on a child's quality of life and wellbeing. All healthcare professionals who have contact with CYP with SEND have an important role to play in trying to improve the oral health of their patients. This can be achieved by educating parents, carers and patients, delivering consistent and supportive dental preventative messages, and where required, liaising with, or signposting to dental professionals. This paper outlines oral conditions that CYP with SEND experience, how they are managed by the dental team, reasonable adjustments, and evidence-based guidelines that should be followed to help prevent and treat oral disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been increasing attention within environmental science, policy and management on the application of natural capital approaches. Despite this, there is an evidence gap in terms of our current understanding of how natural capital and societal benefits are identified at the local scale. This paper presents a novel stakeholder-driven approach to participatory mapping which enables engagement of communities in natural capital discussions across a series of face-to-face workshops. A real-world application is presented for the Deben Estuary, Suffolk (UK); however, the methodological framework could be applied to any global ecosystem (terrestrial, freshwater, estuarine, marine, urban) and community setting. All outputs developed and produced by the Deben Estuary stakeholders, who represent 26 different organisations, were used in subsequent workshops to support scenarios assessments and logic chain developments. The development of logic chains allow for the relationships between natural capital, benefits and beneficiaries to be viewed through multiple lenses, recognising the importance of natural capital in delivering societal benefits and the reliance of beneficiaries on those benefits and the natural capital which underpins them. From a management perspective, the results of this study help to identify which benefits, and therefore which beneficiaries, may be impacted by an intervention, and what direction that impact may take. [Display omitted] • There is increasing attention in science and policy on natural capital approaches. • Evidence gap of how natural capital and benefits are identified at the local scale. • Participatory mapping is advocated to support local natural capital discussions. • Logic chains enable relationships to be viewed through multiple lenses. • The 10-step stakeholder-driven framework has global relevance across all ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meeting the goal of reaching zero emissions by 2050 requires profound changes in the production of bulk materials, cement and concrete. For construction sector, this transition is also dependent on the evolution of demand, stemming from changes in the population structure and practice in structural design. Many timelines have been produced suggesting pathways to zero emissions, but none have looked at the required investment level, or the feasibility of transition looking at the level of single plants being shut, transformed or built within a single country. In this paper, we have looked at transition pathways in the United Kingdom as a function of the available funding and the possible emergence of transformative technologies. We find that trade is a necessary component of the transition, allowing for continued construction while the production apparatus is upgraded. Our results further suggest that the current level of investment is consistent with today's carbon price but falls short of what is necessary to achieve net zero by 2050. Finally we find that pathways assuming that CCS will be available at scale are particularly susceptible to overshoot their emissions target if the technological deployment fails to materialise. This is because they combine heavy investments, immature technology and concentrated risk. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Determining energy and crop yield due to the integration of two technologies. • Examining the difference in the yields with and without the integration for area. • Studying the economic feasibility of APV in the UK. Agrivoltaics combines photovoltaic and agricultural systems to create a synergistic arrangement where land can be utilised more efficiently. The investment cost for the photovoltaic system remains higher for an agrivoltaic system than a traditional ground-mounted photovoltaic system due to the increased height above the ground, however, the revenue generated by the system will still return a positive net present value over its lifetime. This paper analyses the performance of overhead-tilted and vertically mounted agrivoltaic systems on a technical and economic basis. The agrivoltaic systems are also compared to systems of the same area modelling a stand-alone crop system, and a ground-mounted PV farm. The resultant energy and crop yield from these simulations are combined to determine the land equivalency ratio of the agrivoltaic systems around the UK. The crop and energy produced are used to generate values for the annual revenue and operating profit of the systems. The net present value compared for the systems over their lifetime, where it was found that Belfast has the lowest NPV with 19499.87 when using vertical APV while Canterbury had the highest NPV at 80713.73 with the panels. The LER obtained had optimistic values, with the lowest LER being 0.91 for the vertical system in Cambridge and the highest LER obtained was 1.52 in Denbigh. The results showed that agrivoltaic systems are viable in numerous locations around the UK, with a land equivalency ratio above 1 in all regions for tilted agrivoltaic systems. More importantly, the results proved that the use of agrivoltaic systems allows land to become more profitable per unit area, with an average increase in annual operating profit of 210% across all locations studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heating and cooling both make up a large part of the total energy demand in the UK; long-term seasonal thermal energy storage (STES) can address temporal imbalances between varying supply and demand of heat to buildings and processes. Underground thermal energy storage (UTES) can play a role in energy decarbonisation by storing waste heat from space cooling, refrigeration, data processing, industrial processes, harvested summer solar thermal energy or even heat generated by surplus renewable (solar or wind) electricity with fluctuating supply. This paper evaluates a range of UTES technologies in a UK context and addresses geological suitability, storage capacity, low-carbon heat sources, surface heat sources and demand. This review concludes that there is a significant potential for UTES in the UK for both aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) and borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) systems, coinciding with surface heat sources and demand. Therefore, uptake in UTES technology will help achieve net-zero carbon neutral targets by 2050. There is also scope to utilise UTES technologies within existing subsurface infrastructure. There are 464 oil and gas wells which could be repurposed upon end of life using different UTES technologies. However, the potential for repurposing needs further evaluation; deep single well BTES systems will have a high surface area to volume ratio for storage, reducing the efficiency of such systems and the potential for ATES is limited by issues associated with contaminants. 23,000 abandoned mines underlay ∼25 % of the UKs population and could be utilised for minewater thermal energy storage (MTES). • Review of UTES technology suitability for the UK. • First reporting of details of the Bodyheat BTES system. • Storage capacities for a typical UK BTES system have been calculated. • UTES has a high potential in decarbonising heat in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent annual outbreaks of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) have led to mandatory housing orders on commercial free-range flocks. Indefinite periods of housing, after poultry have had access to range, could have production and financial consequences for free range egg producers. The impact of these housing orders on the performance of commercial flocks is seldom explored at a business level, predominantly due to the paucity of commercially sensitive data. The aim of this paper is to assess the financial and production impacts of a housing order on commercial free-range egg layers. We use a unique data set showing week by week performance of layers gathered from 9 UK based farms over the period 2020–2022. These data cover an average of 100,000 laying hens and include two imposed housing orders, in 2020/2021 and in 2021/22. We applied a random intercept linear regression to assess impacts on physical outputs and inputs, bird mortality and the impacts on revenue, feed costs and margin over feed cost. Feed use and feed costs per bird increased during the housing order which is a consequence of increased control over diet intake in housed compared to ranged birds. An increase in revenue was also found, ostensibly due to a higher proportion of large eggs produced, leading to a higher margin over feed cost. Overall, these large commercial poultry sheds were able to mitigate some of the potential adverse economic effects of housing orders. Potential negative impacts may occur dependant on the duration of the housing order and those farms with less control over their input costs. • First UK estimates of mandatory AI housing order impacts at commercial farm scale. • Increased feed and feeding costs observed during a housing order. • Higher revenues and margins over feed, dependant on duration of housing order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social identity approach to leadership posits that leaders' effectiveness depends on their ability to represent, advance, create, and embed a shared sense of social identity among their followers. Although significant progress has been made in investigating the benefits of identity leadership in adult sports, research in youth sports is still in its infancy. One reason is the lack of a youth-centric inventory that adequately measures identity leadership in this population. To bridge this gap, we developed and validated a long (16 items) and short (5 items) version of the Identity Leadership Inventory for Youth Sport (ILI-Y or ILI-Y-Short-Form) through five studies conducted in three phases of research. Data were primarily collected in football in the United Kingdom, involving a total of 1096 participants. Results of Phase I of this study provided little to no evidence that the ILI – originally developed for adults – was understandable (Study 1) and had factor validity and internal consistency (Study 2) in a sample of youth athletes. Therefore, in Phase II, the ILI was revised, leading to the development of the ILI-Y, which was understandable for youth athletes (Study 3). Results from Phase II (Study 4) also indicated that the ILI-Y exhibited a unidimensional factor structure, which was subsequently confirmed in Phase III (Study 5). This last phase offered additional evidence for the discriminant, criterion, and incremental validity of the ILI-Y and its short form, along with their measurement invariance across genders and age groups, and internal consistency. This study provides sports psychology researchers and practitioners with a valid measure to assess identity leadership in youth sports. • This mixed-method paper reports on five studies with 1096 participants. • We validated an inventory for measuring identity leadership in youth sports. • Identity leadership in youth sports is positively associated with key outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to introduce an artificial intelligence approach to enhance short-term daily streamflow forecasts through the integration of machine learning (ML) techniques with meta -heuristic (MH) algorithms. To maximize performance, a comprehensive analysis involving the autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions of the observed streamflow was conducted to derive ten distinct input combinations, from which the most suitable set was selected for investigation. Subsequently, six distinct ML methods, namely, decision trees, support vector regression, long short-term memory, gated recurrent unit, multi-layer perceptron, and radial basis function (as the optimal input combination), were leveraged to predict one-day-ahead streamflow. The most promising outcomes from these six explored methods were synergistically amalgamated to enhance predictive precision. This amalgamation was then optimized by utilizing parameter values hyper-tuned by four different MH algorithms. The algorithms included the shuffled frog leaping algorithm, particle swarm optimization, ant colony optimization (ACO), and gray wolf optimization (GWO). In culmination, a case study centered around the "Wick" river in the UK was conducted to rigorously evaluate the performance of the proposed method, utilizing a range of statistical evaluation indices. The results underscored the efficacy of the proposed combined method in substantially refining streamflow predictions, exhibiting an impressive level of accuracy. Additionally, the outcomes emphasized that ACO and GWO stand out as the optimal algorithms for calibrating the parameters of the amalgamated model. For instance, the R2 values attained by the combined models optimized through the ACO and GWO algorithms were 0.69422 and 0.69444, respectively. These values notably surpass those observed in the initial models, substantiating the superiority of the applied optimization approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several benefits of consuming fishery and aquaculture products have been documented by the extant literature. However, the literature has been largely silent on few dimensions of aquaculture products, including the convergence of aquatic products consumption. An importance of investigating the convergence of aquatic products is that it provides hindsight on which countries should be the focus of exporters of the products. Convergence analysis of aquatic products consumption provides information that is relevant to the need to boost local production of aquatic products, and to conserve foreign exchange earnings. The aim of this study is to investigate the convergence of total aquatic products consumption per capita in 27 European Union countries plus United Kingdom, during 1993–2019. We have further considered the convergence of the components of total aquatic products consumption, which include aquatic animals, cephalopods, crustaceans, demersal fish, freshwater fish, marine fish, molluscs, and pelagic fish. Additionally, we have examined conditional convergence by evaluating the determinants of convergence of total aquatic products consumption. Using recently introduced unit root tests that provide for both smooth and sharp breaks, the results provide support for stochastic convergence of total aquatic products consumption per capita. Using a new conditional convergence approach, the analysis demonstrates that population growth rate, real gross domestic product, and prices of aquatic products are factors that enable the convergence of total aquatic products. The results are not materially different across the components of total aquatic products consumption. The implications of the results are discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed sediment beaches are globally commonplace, yet little is understood of the extent and behaviour of their nearshore zones, potentially underestimating total cross-shore change. This paper is the first study to investigate the lateral and vertical extent of the active zone of the gravel-rich mixed beach in Pevensey Bay, a study site on the South East UK coastline. Morphodynamic change in the nearshore zone was studied at a range of timescales (days, months, years) suggesting that the width of the active nearshore zone correlated with the magnitude of the peak morphological change, whilst the depth of closure was influenced by bed slope, grain size and local variation in wave conditions. A conceptual model detailing the physical parameters responsible for local variations in the depth of closure was used to help understand differences between the observed and predicted depths of closure. Finally, ongoing chronic loss of sediment from below Mean Sea Level (MSL) was examined, which was shown to be independent of the depth of closure, but closely linked to the wider geomorphic setting of the bay. • Comparison of observational and predicted depth of closure for a mixed sediment beach • Local variations in the observed depth of closure examined using a conceptual model • Magnitude of subtidal bed elevation change may be controlled by sediment availability. • Loss of nearshore sediments over time reflects the trend in upper beach steepening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cancer-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) questionnaire of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), the EORTC QLQ-C30, is a frequently applied questionnaire to assess cancer patients' self-reported health used as part of research and clinical practice. Normative data obtained from the general population can facilitate the interpretation of these data. Despite its frequent application, no detailed EORTC QLQ-C30 normative data have yet been published for the United Kingdom (UK). This study presents detailed EORTC QLQ-C30 normative data for the United Kingdom overall and by sex and age. The data are drawn from a larger published, international, cross-sectional online survey. For the recruitment, the sample was stratified by sex (males, females) and age in five age groups with a sample size of n = 100 per subgroup. A total of N = 1026 UK respondents completed the survey (n = 517 females, n = 509 males). There were no clear subgroup patterns by sex or age; however, older patients tended to show higher (i.e., better) scores in emotional and social functioning; they also reported some of the lowest (i.e., best) scores for symptoms, such as insomnia, appetite loss, diarrhoea, nausea/vomiting or financial difficulties. This paper provides EORTC QLQ-C30 general population normative data for the UK, further stratified by sex and age. These data will greatly support the interpretation of EORTC QLQ-C30 scale scores obtained from UK cancer patients, and also enable comparison with other detailed national normative datasets collected in the same project, across several other European countries and the US. • EORTC QLQ-C30 is a cancer quality of life (QoL) tool for functioning and symptoms. • Normative QoL data collected from 1026 respondents in UK general population. • No clear patterns, generally oldest had better functioning and fewer symptoms. • Look-up tables for EORTC QLQ-C30 scales for the UK general population. • Interpretation aid for data from individual and groups of UK cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a novel model for the Vaccine Allocation Problem (VAP), which aims to allocate the available vaccines to population locations over multiple periods during a pandemic. We model the disease progression and the impact of vaccination on the spread of the disease and mortality to minimise total expected mortality and location inequity in terms of mortality ratios under total vaccine supply and hospital and vaccination centre capacity limitations at the locations. The spread of the disease is modelled through an extension of the well-established Susceptible–Infected–Recovered (SIR) epidemiological model that accounts for multiple vaccine doses. The VAP is modelled as a nonlinear mixed-integer programming model and solved to optimality using the Gurobi solver. A set of scenarios with parameters regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK over 12 weeks are constructed using a hypercube experimental design on varying disease spread, vaccine availability, hospital capacity, and vaccination capacity factors. The results indicate the statistical significance of vaccine availability and the parameters regarding the spread of the disease. • The problem of allocating vaccines to a set of locations to minimise total mortality and inequity among locations is studied. • A mathematical programming model combining epidemiological disease spread and resource allocation under capacity limitations is provided. • The model is nonlinear and nonconvex but can be solved to optimality by an off-the-shelf solver. • The model is applied to the COVID-19 case in the UK by generating numerous scenarios. • The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the model's outcomes and real-world data, and underscore the statistical significance of vaccine availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Load-related and non-load related planning is integrated into a single methodology. • The concept of probabilistic asset health indices (HIs) is developed. • Averages and pdfs of asset virtual ages and HIs are calculated along system indices. • Asset in-service time is modelled via proportional hazard and Kijima 2 models. • Proposed methodology gives lower investments that the UK deterministic approach. In the last price control review, the UK regulator has specified a common set of "network output measures" that includes both system-wide and individual asset metrics. This paper introduces a two-stage framework for the replacement planning and develops the second – simulation stage. It consists of two Monte Carlo procedures, where the latter is based on the proposed probabilistic health index (HI) methodology and application of several types of asset interventions, such as minimal, minor and major repairs and replacement. The probabilistic HI model makes use of proportional hazard models and Kijima II virtual – age model. The outputs are system-wide and nodal reliability indices, as well as asset interventions and asset profiles. IEEE test network is used to test the probabilistic HI methodology, which is then compared to the deterministic HI method applied in the UK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern electricity network is seeing a trend in the replacement of fossil fuel power plants with converter interfaced generation as worldwide efforts are made to combat climate change. New converter control structures such as grid-forming are seen as a key building block for maintaining the stability of the future power system. Moreover, wind power is the fastest growing renewable technology in the UK with ambitious targets set for installed capacity in the coming decade. While the benefits and drawbacks of the technology have been explored, little attention has been given to how many grid-forming converters will be needed to stabilise the modern network. Is there such a thing as too much grid-forming? This paper utilises an impedance-based windfarm model with the capability to include unique control systems on each turbine to present a small-signal based methodology for determining the penetration limits of grid-forming technology. Key stability and screening metrics are applied to identify the penetration that provides the strongest and most stable system. Three key points are specified: the critical, optimal and maximum penetrations. Moreover, findings suggest providing enhanced system strength via converters is only applicable to a certain extent where further interactions cause increased stability issues. • The balance between grid-following and forming is of key concern. • Grid-forming is useful but too much can cause poor system behaviour. • A novel technique utilising small-signal impedances is suggested for analysis. • Three key penetrations have been specified minimum, optimal and maximum. • System strength must be considered as a function of frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• AP1000-like reactor studied with MELCOR2.1. • Steady-state and Design Basis Accident studied. • Nominal and 10% blocked steam generator tubes steady-states predicted accurately. • Double ended DVI-LOCA accident predicted comparable to the US DCD and UK PCSR. • Twelve cases studied with various models for ADS-4, steam generator and hot-leg. The paper presents the outcomes of the deterministic safety studies for a Pressurized Water Reactor based on the AP1000 design. The model was developed with MELCOR computer code using public references and qualified using data for nominal steady-state and double-ended Direct Vessel Injection line break accident. Emphasis was placed on thermal–hydraulic phenomena and modeling of the passive safety features. Different plant model variants were studied, including two models for the Automatic Depressurization System, two models for steam generators, and three models for hot-legs. Safety injections were investigated with a focus on the passive core cooling system, which is crucial during a Loss of Coolant Accident. Simulation results agree very well with available steady-state data. The model predicts expected plant behavior during a design basis accident, and results are not substantially different from predictions with system codes presented in the public reports. It shows that the developed model can be used in severe accident studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern economies rely on economic growth for stability and prosperity. Further, periods of stagnation and recession are currently associated with poor health and wellbeing outcomes for citizens. However, 50 years of research indicates that this state of dependency is ecologically unsustainable. It is therefore critical that we better understand the growth dependency of our economies and welfare systems, and how to overcome it. In this paper we first offer a working definition of growth dependency, clarifying its core dimensions. Next, taking the UK's adult social care sector as a case study, we argue that growth dependencies emerge in the welfare state as a result of three distinct dynamics: 1) growth in manifest needs; 2) labour productivity growth; 3) the pursuit of economic rents. Lastly, we propose a novel, sector-led framework for identifying, analysing and transforming growth dependencies. We make the case that the growth dependency of the welfare state is not inevitable, but is instead the product of specific social, economic and structural factors that can be disrupted and transformed, if we can find the political will to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interactions in the healthcare system today involve an important new set of actors: evaluative health platforms (EHPs). These platforms are not neutral intermediaries, but active moderators of how patients express opinions, choose providers, and consume health-related information. This paper adds to our understanding of the varied and evolving commercial interests of EHPs and the implications these have for patient voice. We analyze 71 platforms in the USA, UK, and Germany and identify five ideal types: subscribers, analyzers, advertisers, regulators, and scammers. Each platform type enacts a unique competitive strategy through an evaluative infrastructure which constrains but also generates possibilities for patient voice. Based on our typology, we develop three contributions. First, we nuance universalizing claims about the consequences of platform capitalism by specifying the diverse strategies underpinning competition between EHPs in different countries, and showing how each strategy leads evaluative infrastructures to develop in ways that impact patient voice. Second, we show how patients can navigate the challenges of a complex EHP space by exercising their ability to choose between platforms. Finally, we outline the conditions platforms need to fulfil to become empowering. Overall, this study highlights the varied and complex relationship between platform business models and user voice, which exists not only in healthcare, but also in many other fields. • Typology of evaluative health platforms (EHPs) in the US, the UK, and Germany. • EHP business models and content moderation techniques vary considerably. • EHPs have a wide range of implications for patient voice. • More transparency and competition can help platforms increase patient empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Utilizes 111 expert interviews and 50 site visits to examine UK industrial decarbonization. • Explores sociotechnical pathways, capabilities, and learning processes. • Harnesses a challenge-oriented regional innovation systems (CoRIS) framework. • Reflects on deeper issues of incumbency, innovation, and incremental vs. transformative change. Few sectors in the global economy need deep decarbonization as much as heavy industry, which is currently the largest and fastest growing source of global carbon emissions. Based on an original dataset of 111 expert interviews and 52 site visits, this paper asks: what sociotechnical pathways, capabilities, and regional innovation systems are emerging to support industrial decarbonization? It combines and applies insights from evolutionary economic geography and transitions studies, such as sociotechnical capabilities and learning, as well as spatial frameworks such as challenge-oriented regional innovation systems (CoRIS) and green industrial restructuring. It utilizes these collective concepts of pathways, capabilities and CoRIS to explore the organizational and technological, individual, and systems level dimensions of industrial decarbonization efforts ongoing across Great Britain. We find that within industrial net-zero clusters, spatial and technological proximities are being effectively leveraged, especially through new forms of networking, collaboration, and partnerships. CoRIS provides the basis for greater reflection on perennial transitions issues, both within and across clusters, related to incumbency and innovation, in addition to spotlighting emergent issues such as light versus deep green restructuring and incremental versus transformative change. In simpler terms, industrial decarbonization unfolds as a multi-scalar process. Industrial decarbonization exhibits both incremental and transformative patterns of change. Industrial decarbonization lastly involves dynamic processes that coevolve across a spectrum of sociotechnical attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Consumers are not well informed on how to perform product life extension behaviours. • Consumer education motivates consumers to perform product life extension behaviours. • Credible, actionable guidance motivates adoption of product life extension behaviours. • Diverse communication channels ensure wider groups of consumers can be educated. This paper investigates consumer education as an effective intervention for adoption of product life extension behaviours by consumers of domestic appliances in the UK. Product life extension behaviours, including maintenance and repair, keep electrical appliances in use for as long as possible, ultimately supporting a circular economy by slowing the flow of materials. The study aims to demonstrate the influence communication-based interventions can have on consumer behaviour. The study was carried out in three phases over a 3-month period with seven households in Southwark Borough in London, forming an in-depth understanding of daily routines involving domestic appliance interactions. The results of the study suggest that consumer adoption of product life extension behaviours can be influenced by education. The study proposes that industry addresses the intention-action gap with improved and targeted design and delivery of education that motivates and empowers consumers to perform product life extension behaviours on their domestic appliances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we report insights on barriers to active travel among the Pakistani heritage community in Bradford UK, generated using the participatory Photovoice method. This is the largest minoritized ethnic group in Bradford, and though most segments of the UK population need to be more physically active, those of non-white ethnicities, and South Asian heritage in particular, are generally significantly less active than average. Insufficient physical activity (including active travel) contributes to a significant health burden for minoritized communities as well limiting progress with increasing active travel among these communities. Increasing active travel is known to contribute to both positive health outcomes and to key transport decarbonisation aims. To meet public health goals and Net Zero emissions targets by 2050, increasing walking and cycling for short journeys will be essential but it remains difficult to achieve. There is a lack of knowledge relating to how specific cultural groups perceive active travel as an option within their local areas. We sought to explore the use of Photovoice to understand whether this method has potential to enable minoritized communities to actively consider active travel, and to provide connections between these communities and their local authorities. We recruited eight Pakistani heritage families living in Bradford to do this. Their photos were used in semi-structured interviews, and the data collectively analysed. The analysis suggested key barriers to walking and cycling could be grouped into four main categories: personal factors, social factors and those related to the local and wider environment. We also found that people's travel choices in this study are influenced by cognitive biases and social norms that are quite connected to their cultural heritage and societal position as minoritized. There were also both generational and gendered effects that need to be accounted for in intervention design. Based on participants' reflection and feedback, this report concludes participatory techniques like Photovoice offer an opportunity to break the status quo for those who are struggling to make a change by raising their social consciousness and helping them to gather evidence of their concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active travel has received increased investment and interest in many countries both due to COVID-19 and to policies which promote a shift in mobility behaviours to support a wide range of public and individual goods. However, while there has often been substantial investment in the physical infrastructure that can help facilitate active travel, there has not so far always been commensurate investment in the data infrastructure which can help enable people to shift trips to active modes. Current fragmented data and data models and a lack of data standards pose a barrier to the development of the applications which are needed to support planners, users and journey planning. There is therefore a need for a more integrated, better-connected and more richly attributed active travel geospatial network model. This paper describes the development of such a data model, and its initial application to a case study of Great Britain. It demonstrates how the development, population and maintenance of such a data model could facilitate a range of novel applications, such as the personalisation of active travel journey planning to address different user needs and capabilities. If the potential societal benefits from investment in physical active travel infrastructure are to be fully realised, this needs to be supported by the availability of a robust spatial data infrastructure capable of providing the information required by walkers, wheeled users and cyclists to make effective use of the active travel network. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) is crucial for socio-ecological systems that tackle urbanisation challenges. Participatory approaches involve the public in local environmental decision-making, and they are receiving renewed attention from academics, policymakers, and design professionals to achieve more inclusive urban development practices. This paper examines public participation in UGI delivery in the UK by evaluating the relationship between policy and practice. The study uses a mixed-methods approach, including expert interviews and a nationwide survey, to explore financing, governance, perceptions of participation, and public willingness to engage in UGI delivery. The data reveals factors that influence people's inclination to participate in UGI delivery. Attitudes toward UGI and nature are favourable, but not the primary motivators for participation in UGI-related community or conservation activities. The research highlights the potential of deliberative public participation with the right policy instruments and support infrastructure to deliver effective UGI addressing ecological and socio-cultural priorities. The research emphasises the importance of public involvement in achieving sustainable urban development and the critical role of UGI in developing socio-ecological systems that address urbanisation challenges. It also highlights differences between rhetoric and practice in inclusive urban planning discourse. • This study provides empirical data indicating the factors which affect people's inclination participate in UGI delivery. • The majority of UGI strategies in the UK still adopt a top-down and expert-driven approach. • We examined the overarching motivations and barriers to the adoption of participatory approaches toward UGI development. • Most respondents agreed community greening projects would enhance social interactions amongst residents. • Awareness of UGI benefits may foster interest in participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexity and time requirements for contemporary ART laboratory activities has increased compared with traditional cycle requirements from 9 personnel hours, to 20 hours for completion [1]. Concurrently, the emergence of machines for data capturing and API integrations have appeared yet the two are rarely utilized in combination. Instead, labs are encouraged to consider admin support to complete important, time-consuming tasks which do not require specific training. This is labour intensive often with double data entry, prone to human error and costly. An alternative is to implement the promise of this digital ecosystem utilizing API's and automatic data capture. The study involved six fertility centres in the UK, Australia, and the US, utilizing Embie's clinic management software integrated with Cooper's RI Witness, Vitrolife's Embryoscope, and Fairtility's CHLOE EQ. a comprehensive analysis of current procedures in fertility centers across three continents was conducted. Manual data entry vs machines and API data points available in the market was modeled. This involved interviews with embryologists, data mapping, exploring API endpoints and gathering feedback for a user interface meant to improve the process as well as an analysis of time saved per cycle when comparing manual vs automatic data entry/capture. The siloed data systems showed a moderate improvement, averaging 209 manual entry points. However, the disconnected nature of these systems still posed challenges in data consistency and effective communication between different platforms, leading to duplicate data entry. A fully integrated process, demonstrated a drastic reduction, with an average of just 18 manual data entry points which was performed in real time e.g. the number of eggs collected was inputted into the RI witness system at the end of the procedure and pushed into the EMR. This minimized the potential for human error, streamlined workflow, improved overall efficiency and accuracy. This study highlights the transformative potential of digital integration in ART laboratories, suggesting significant improvements in efficiency and accuracy. It emphasizes the need for centers to transition from traditional methods like pen-and-paper, Excel sheets, or outdated electronic medical records systems to adopting newer, more advanced technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • In-train air quality in UK diesel trains tested for 13 different train classes. • Means were PM 10 : 8–52; PM 2.5 : 4–36; BC: 1–11; NO 2 : 28–201 (µg/m3); UFP: 225–9131 #/cm3. • Large in-train variability was observed and associated with multiple factors. • Trains under 10 years old had the lowest in-train PM concentrations. • UK diesel trains measured lower PM 2.5 and PNC than other transport modes. Concentrations of particulate matter (PM 10 , PM 2.5), ultrafine (UFP), particle number (PNC), black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2) and nitrogen oxides (NO X) were measured in train carriages on diesel and bi-mode trains on inter-city and long-distance journeys in the United Kingdom (UK) using a high-quality mobile measurement system. Air quality on 15 different routes was measured using highly-time resolved data on a total of 119 journeys during three campaigns in winter 2020 and summer 2021; this included 13 different train classes. Each journey was sampled 4–10 times with approximatively 11,000 min of in-train concentrations in total. Mean-journey concentrations were 7.552 µg m−3 (PM 10); 3.936 µg m−3 (PM 2.5); 333–11,300 # cm−3 (PNC); 225–9,131 # cm−3 (UFP); 0.6–11 µg m−3 (BC); 28–201 µg m−3 (NO 2); and 130–3,456 µg m−3 (NO X). The impact of different factors on in-train concentrations was evaluated. The presence of tunnels was the factor with the largest impact on the in-train particle concentrations with enhancements by a factor of 40 greater than baseline for BC, and a factor 6 to 7 for PM and PNC. The engine fuel mode was the factor with the largest impact on NO 2 with enhancements of up to 14-times larger when the train run on diesel compared to the times running on electric on hybrid trains. Train classes with an age < 10 years observed the lowest in-train PM, BC and NO X concentrations reflecting improvements in aspects of rail technology in recent years. Air quality on UK diesel trains is higher than ambient concentrations but has lower PM 2.5 and PNC than most other transport modes, including subway systems, diesel and petrol cars. This paper adds significantly to the evidence on exposure to poor air quality in transport micro-environments and provides the industry and regulatory bodies with reference-grade measurements on which to establish in-train air quality guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Trauma-informed practice is being trialled in response to extra-familial risks and harms. • An institutional ethnography found sources of knowledge impact this innovation. • Professionals may say young people are 'known-to-services' but be distant from them. • Being proximal to young people and advocating for their needs helps to know them. • To be trauma-informed, professionals must relationally know those they support. Efforts to shift from criminal justice to welfare-based responses to exploitation and other forms of extra-familial risks and harms, have centred relational approaches. In particular, the role that relationships between professionals and young people can play in providing a sense of safety as well as a route to wider support services when young people come to harm beyond their families is under consideration. In parallel, trauma-informed practice is increasingly promoted as a tool for creating service conditions in which relational practice can thrive. In this paper we present data from an institutional ethnography of two social care organisations in the UK which are endeavouring to adopt trauma-informed responses to extra-familial risks and harms. We use observation, focus group, and case file data collected in two time periods, to illustrate a relationship we identified between the nature and source of knowledge that guided professional responses, the ability of professionals to form relationships with young people affected by extra-familial risks and harms, and the capacity for their organisations to be trauma-informed. In doing so we trouble an established discourse in many social care organisations, that young people subject to intervention are 'known-to-services' and call for more responses in which young people are 'known-by-professionals' who are supporting them. Far from being a matter of semantics, we discuss how these two ways of knowing about young people, and the situations they face, potentially facilitate or undermine key pillars of trauma-informed practice, and the relational approaches that make such practice possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green and sustainable food procurement has benefits for human health, the environment and economies. Public sector actors have purchasing power behind procurement decisions, and there is significant support for sustainably sourced food from consumers and the third sector. A sustainability transition in the public procurement of food would appear to be achievable, yet change remains incremental. This paper analyses supply chain stakeholder narratives about pathways to more localised public food procurement. Based on forty interviews with actors in the procurement supply chain in the South West of England, we examine the barriers and opportunities for more localised food supply and sourcing. Our findings indicate that if public food procurement is to become a viable, feasible and desirable market channel for operators of regional food businesses, we need to give greater attention to supply chain stakeholders' experiences of the interface between procurers and suppliers. Tensions exist between stakeholders' shared need for efficiency and logistical convenience, and their mutual desire for closer procurer-supplier relations and aspirations for a regional economic community. Results demonstrate that alongside the need for new physical and digital infrastructure, there is an urgent need to address socio-cultural barriers to change. • A sustainability transition in the public food procurement should be achievable. • Barriers persist despite social benefits, state buying power and policy ambitions. • Narratives of the interface between procurers and suppliers display tensions. • Change requires integration of low-cost food, convenience and economic community. • Closer procurer-supplier relationships are needed, not just new infrastructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of the everyday in real and imagined responses to climate-changed landscapes emerging from South African and UK-based activities in a project exploring local knowledges and resilience. We analyse photographs and captions created by co-researcher residents in three climate-stressed settlements in South Africa. We then use participant-generated stories created in the UK to explore imagined future landscapes. We demonstrate important commonalities between the real and the imagined, and between Global South and Global North, including three key dynamics to involved in responses to harmscapes of the present that also animate imagined futures: intra-community relations, the development of place and landscape literacies and adaptations. Our process reveals the centrality of the ordinary to both present realities and future imaginaries. • Place knowledges and literacies are tied to repetition and the ordinary. • For some, the stresses of climate change are already ordinary. • Future ordinaries are important parts of climate change imaginaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally there are concerns over a warming climate and the UK has declared a climate and ecological emergency and has an ambitious programme for the growth of offshore windfarms to contribute to commitments to achieving a legally binding Net Zero for greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Offshore windfarm consenting is comparatively mature in the UK but evidence gaps to inform impact assessment and uncertainty to inform decision making has led to a precautionary approach that slows the speed of consent decisions. This paper examines the approach to UK offshore windfarm consenting, reviews the precautionary but risk-based approach that environmental decision makers have adopted in light of evidence gaps, and summarises how the collection of empirical data and reviews of evidence collected from operational windfarms has improved scientific knowledge and focussed decision making. A summary is also provided of the enduring legislative safeguards that apply during the lifetime of any consent and recommendations are made on the risk appetite that advisers and decision makers should adopt in view of policy that seeks to accelerate sectoral growth whilst enhancing nature recovery. • The UK has an ambitious programme for the construction of offshore windfarms. • Environmental evidence gaps lead to a precautionary approach that slows consenting. • Consenting should use a risk-based approach and an appropriate risk-appetite. • Empirical data and reviews of evidence are needed to improve scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governments provide policy incentives to increase adoption rates of electric vehicles and achieve sustainability goals. This paper investigates the impact of UK financial purchase incentives on new registrations of electric fleets whilst moderating for change in gross domestic product (GDP). We use a unique dataset of new registrations of electric fleets in the UK for a 20-year period (1999–2019). Our results show that financial purchase incentives positively impact new registrations of electric fleets, and this effect is positively moderated by GDP change. Marginal analysis reveals three categories of adopters that purchase electric fleets at different levels of policy and GDP change: insensitive adopters, standard adopters, and sensitive adopters. Overall, financial incentives may be more effective in fostering the adoption of electric fleets when set to levels that are conditioned on the level of GDP change. In particular, financial purchase incentives are most effective when GDP change and incentives are above their average level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delivering low-carbon heat will require the substitution of natural gas with low-carbon alternatives such as electricity and hydrogen. The objective of this paper is to develop a method to soft-link two advanced, investment-optimising energy system models, RTN (Resource-Technology Network) and WeSIM (Whole-electricity System Investment Model), in order to assess cost-efficient heat decarbonisation pathways for the UK while utilising the respective strengths of the two models. The linking procedure included passing on hourly electricity prices from WeSIM as input to RTN, and returning capacities and locations of hydrogen generation and shares of electricity and hydrogen in heat supply from RTN to WeSIM. The outputs demonstrate that soft-linking can improve the quality of the solution, while providing useful insights into the cost-efficient pathways for zero-carbon heating. Quantitative results point to the cost-effectiveness of using a mix of electricity and hydrogen technologies for delivering zero-carbon heat, also demonstrating a high level of interaction between electricity and hydrogen infrastructure in a zero-carbon system. Hydrogen from gas reforming with carbon capture and storage can play a significant role in the medium term, while remaining a cost-efficient option for supplying peak heat demand in the longer term, with the bulk of heat demand being supplied by electric heat pumps. [Display omitted] • A multi-model approach is proposed to link two established energy system models. • Iterating between the two models focused on low-carbon heat and electricity sectors. • Various technologies are considered for electricity and heat decarbonisation. • Contributions of hydrogen and electricity to heat supply are assessed until 2050. • Evolution of the cost-effective portfolio of hydrogen sources is characterised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an adaptive control system for coordinated metro operations with flexible train composition by using a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) approach. The control problem is formulated as a Markov decision process (MDP) with multiple agents regulating different service lines in a metro network with passenger transfer. To ensure the overall computational effectiveness and stability of the control system, we adopt an actor–critic reinforcement learning framework in which each control agent is associated with a critic function for estimating future system states and an actor function deriving local operational decisions. The critics and actors in the MADRL are represented by multi-layer artificial neural networks (ANNs). A multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG) algorithm is developed for training the actor and critic ANNs through successive simulated transitions over the entire metro network. The developed framework is tested with a real-world scenario in Bakerloo and Victoria Lines of London Underground, UK. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method can outperform previous centralized optimization and distributed control approaches in terms of solution quality and performance achieved. Further analysis shows the merits of MADRL for coordinated service regulation with flexible train composition. This study contributes to real-time coordinated metro network services with flexible train composition and advanced optimization techniques. • An adaptive rail transit control system with passengers' transfers and flexible train composition. • A novel modeling and optimization framework based on multi-agent deep reinforcement learning. • A computational framework with 'decentralized execution and centralized training' for effectiveness and stability. • Case study demonstrating the system efficiency and computational effectiveness of proposed algorithm over previous methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic cost of roll refurbishment in the steel-making industry is considerable. In a cold rolling mill, wear and damage of rolls disrupt the industrial environment, so it is critical to predict the remaining useful life early and change the roll without causing disruption to the manufacturing process. However, since cold rolling is a complex process affected by multiple variables which are operated in adverse conditions, it is very challenging to mathematically analyse the roll wear and failure. For this reason, in the present paper, a data-driven solution is proposed to predict the correct time for changing individual rolls. To develop an accurate predictive model, several datasets containing high-resolution production data and roll refurbishment data collected from a UK based steel plant have been acquired and processed in a way that the roll wear is modelled as a Remaining Useful Life (RUL) problem, where the number of coils that a roll is able to process is viewed as the remaining cycles. Then hybrid deep learning models are used to predict the Remaining Useful Life of rolls used in steel making. This novel data-driven approach achieves high prediction accuracy and has been validated on a real-world dataset. The proposed approach not only helps avoiding early failure but also can serve as a critical step towards the design of an optimal, automated maintenance schedule for the roll management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) are linked to farming fatalities and injuries every year. However, despite evidence that wearing a helmet reduces the risk of serious injury, few farmers wear them. • This study assessed farmer attitudes to ATV helmets using the Michie COM-B model. • Participants reported a range of barriers to helmet wearing including the perception that helmets could interfere with work activities, social stigma and perceived exemption from harm. • Key interventions are suggested using the Michie behaviour change wheel, including modelling, raising awareness and training. All-Terrain Vehicles (ATV) are a popular piece of farming machinery but are linked to many fatalities and injuries every year. Despite evidence that ATV helmets reduce the risk of serious or fatal injury, research suggests that few farmers wear them. The aim of this study was to explore farmer attitudes toward ATV helmets, using the COM-B model as a framework to identify key barriers and enablers of helmet use and suggest potential interventions to increase helmet use in agriculture. Methods : A mixed-methods online survey featuring quantitative and qualitative questions was used to explore key attitudinal factors relevant to farmer helmet wearing. A total of 211 UK and Irish farmers were recruited, including farm owners, managers, workers, and contractors. Results : Personal exemption from risk, emotional benefits, cognitive barriers, and guideline prompts were all found to be significant predictors of farmer helmet wearing. Key categories within the qualitative data indicated that helmet properties, risk perception, farming culture, and the farming environment could all function as barriers to helmet wearing. Suggested enablers of helmet use included increasing helmet availability and enhancing awareness of the consequences of ATV accidents. Conclusions : The key barriers and enablers presented within this paper highlight the relevance of capability (helmet design, time pressure), opportunity (social norms), and motivation (perceived control of risk) when considering farmer helmet wearing behaviors. In order to encourage farmers to wear helmets it will be necessary to design specific interventions using the behavior change wheel. Practical applications : Key interventions to prompt helmet use include the inclusion of more cues to prompt helmet wearing (e.g., stickers on the ATV), enhanced training and education, and modelling (e.g., key farming figures shown to wear helmets in the media). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Improved PPP is used in kinematic model for oscillating displacement monitoring. • The improved PPP has better convergence performance with high cut off angle. • Better accuracy can be achieved by ZWD augmented PPP in kinematic model. This paper developed the tropospheric correction augmented PPP for the purpose of bridge displacement monitoring. ZWD is estimated from undifferenced observations collected by UK CORS, and further applied to augment PPP client for displacement at the bridge surveying points. Coordinate time series obtained by GPS DD are treated as the true bridge displacement, which is used to assess the standard and CORS ZWD augmented PPP solutions obtained by varying cutoff angles. The experimental results reveal that the displacement precision of standard PPP severely depends on the satellite geometry. Meanwhile, the CORS ZWD augmented PPP results are less affected. The RMSE of improved PPP time series in the vertical component drops by 12%, 49% and 66% for the 5°, 10° and 15° cutoff angle cases, respectively. CORS ZWD augmented PPP can improve the monitoring precision and eliminate irregular displacement time series due to poor satellite geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The UK neurosurgical community has a track record of delivering high-quality, practice-changing clinical research studies, facilitated by a robust clinical research infrastructure and close collaborations between neurosurgical centers. More recently, these large-scale studies have been conceived, developed, and delivered by neurosurgical trainees, working under the umbrella of the British Neurosurgical Trainee Research Collaborative (BNTRC). In this paper, we outline the current landscape of large-scale neurosurgical studies in the UK, focusing on the role of trainees in facilitating this research. Importantly, we focus on our experience of trainee-led studies, including the development of the network, current challenges, and future directions. We believe that a similar model can be applied in different settings and countries, which will drive up the quality of neurosurgical research, ultimately benefiting future neurosurgical patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much research surrounds the move from publicly owned and operated bus markets to publicly controlled and privately operated markets, or in the case of Great Britain, a fully deregulated market. Little research however exists concerning the counter move and the issues that this may raise. Such a step would be consistent with Gwilliam's regulatory cycle, which suggests that a combination of self seeking behaviour of suppliers and unrealistic aspirations of politicians leads to instability in the regulatory arrangements for the provision of bus services. Consequently, the associated structural and institutional arrangements go through a cycle of private/public ownership and competitive/regulated markets. The paper discusses some of the practicalities at the regional level of introducing the measures provided by the Bus Services Act 2017 in England and the Transport Act 2019 in Scotland, both of which offer the option of a partial or full economic reregulation of bus services. Theories of radical policy change are examined and applied in the context of the issue through interviews with key informants in regional authorities in Scotland and England. The overriding conclusion from this analysis is that whilst deregulating the market does not actually break Gwilliam's regulatory cycle, it makes it very difficult to 're-connect', and thus a further long term consequence of bus deregulation in Britain in the mid 1980s is that future policy options may have been severely restricted in the very long term. • Identifying the key factors required to bring about radical transport policy change. • Bus de-regulation represented a clear break in the regulatory cycle and as such has compromised longer term policy actions. • The importance of real transport governance and the financial ability to carry through policy actions. • A major divergence between actions policy makers think is required, and the realities to which those actions are targeted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National guidance in the UK advises that psychosocial screening is completed for all inpatients admitted to burns services for over 24 h. Acceptable methods of psychosocial screening have been nationally agreed. However, little is known about how different services conduct psychosocial screening. Moreover, data related to validity and reliability are lacking. This paper describes a tiered approach to inpatient psychosocial screening in a UK adult burns service and considers implications for services. Data collected over a seven-year period was analysed retrospectively. Of 891 patients, almost half (48%; n = 431) were screened face-to-face by a graduate level assistant psychologist. Almost one quarter (23%, n = 205) were screened face-to-face by a qualified clinical psychologist. Around a fifth (22%, n = 193) were screened indirectly through psychological discussions at multi-disciplinary team meetings with a member of the burns clinical psychology team present. A minority of patients were screened face-to-face by liaison psychiatry, or by both liaison psychiatry and a clinical psychologist. Screening and delivery of low-level psychological interventions by a graduate level assistant psychologist appeared to protect resources of qualified clinical psychologists for the most distressed patients. Results highlight the value and cost-effectiveness of a tiered approach to psychosocial screening and in guiding subsequent intervention. Future study is needed in relation to inpatient psychosocial screening and its validity and reliability. Investigating the predictive value of screening methods in identifying those with longer-term psychological difficulties would also be important clinically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many higher education institutions have started to develop academic curricula, research capacity and outreach activities related to circular economy. However, little is known yet on how to apply circular economy thinking to sustainable campus management. In an attempt to address this gap, this paper proposes a methodological framework and guidance to help universities develop a circular economy strategy aimed at improving resource efficiency and environmental sustainability of their campus operations. The approach is compatible with sustainability management frameworks as it follows the well-known iterative process of planning, doing, checking and improving. The framework involves three main steps: analysis of current situation with respect to circular economy within the organisation; stakeholder engagement to get a buy-in and inform the development of a circular economy strategy; and implementation of the strategy following the guidelines provided within the framework. Application of the framework is illustrated through a case of the University of Manchester, demonstrating how circular economy principles can be used to benchmark existing sustainability policies and action plans. The paper also shows how engaging key stakeholders can be used to identify challenges and opportunities for embedding circular economy thinking into the university's sustainability management systems. The proposed framework and the guidelines for implementation of circular economy thinking are generic and can be applied by any institution across the higher education sector. Image 1 • There is a lack of knowledge on how to implement circular economy in universities. • A simple but powerful framework is proposed to guide institutions in that process. • Application of the framework is illustrated through a real case of a large UK university. • Challenges and opportunities for CE are discussed based on stakeholder interviews. • Guidelines are provided for the development and implementation of a CE strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the experience of Europe's three most liberalised railways - Sweden, Germany and Britain - in opening-up rail passenger services to competition by means of competitive tendering, and seeks to draw lessons for countries that are just starting the process, such as France. It also comments on experience of competition in the market in these and other countries (this form of competition has been taken furthest in other countries - notably Italy and the Czech Republic, as well as on a single route in Austria). The paper fills an important gap in the literature - that has so far focused on econometric modelling of the impact of rail reforms - by considering how competition can best be introduced in practice. This investigation is important and timely given the requirements of EU legislation (4th Railway Package) which will require competition to be introduced into passenger rail services (by 2020 for commercial services, and 2023 for public transport contracts) across the whole of the EU. It finds evidence that competitive tendering has helped increase demand for and reduce subsidies to the rail passenger sector, but that there are many decisions that have to be taken as to how it is to be implemented. Short gross cost contracts may work well for regional services where the tendering authority takes the lead in planning and marketing such services. If services where ticket revenue recovers a larger share of costs – "more commercial services" – are to be tendered, long net cost contracts may make more sense. An alternative is to leave them operated by the incumbent but with open access for competitors to enter the market. Two particular issues face countries starting on the liberalisation process. Firstly, if existing rolling stock is owned by the incumbent rather than the franchising authority or an independent company; that remains a major barrier to entry. The second is the position of existing staff. If new operators are required to take them on at existing wages and conditions; that is a barrier to improved efficiency, but for new operators to recruit their own staff may also be problematic, particularly where the pace of change is fast. • In all three liberalised countries (GB, Sweden and Germany) there has been rapid growth in demand for regional services. • Subsidies per train-km and passenger-km have also fallen in all three countries, though in GB unit costs rose post-reforms. • Gross-cost contracts useful where regional body controls marketing/services; otherwise net-cost contracts may be preferred. • Where large-scale competition introduced for first time, treatment of rolling stock and existing staff biggest issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Drain water heat recovery potential of commercial kitchens is examined. • Financially feasible potential in the hospitality sector in the UK is 1.24 TWh / yr. • This can be achieved at 2.94 p £/ kg Ce saved , over a 10-year lifetime. • This leads to 344 k tons Ce / yr reduced emissions. • 160 GWh (a reduction of 44 k tons Ce / yr) remains commercially unexploitable. In order to meet ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets, the reduction of fuel consumption in the heating sector is necessary. This paper assesses the impact of introducing direct drain water heat recovery systems in commercial kitchens in the UK, based on a commercially available heat exchangers. The recoverable heat from these kitchens was estimated using Monte Carlo simulation, sector consumption data, and data measured in the field. A financial criterion, the Net Present Value calculated over 10 years, was used to estimate feasibility threshold values for the kitchen water consumption, varying with the heating fuel used in each premises. This analysis resulted in a total financially feasible potential for drain water heat recovery in the hospitality and food service sector in the UK of approximately 1.24 TWh / yr , leading to a reduction in GHG emissions of 344 k tons Ce / yr. This could be achieved at a cost of approximately 2.94 p £/ kg Ce saved , over a 10-year lifetime, which was several orders of magnitude smaller than traditional renewable heat sources such as heat pumps. Commercially available drain water heat recovery systems could, when installed, exploit around 88% of current potential in drain water heat in commercial kitchens (1.40 TWh / yr) in a manner that is financially profitable. However, this paper assumes the availability of a 2 m vertical drop in the kitchen drain, required to install the heat exchanger, and thus achieve optimal effectiveness. In case this head is not available, the heat recovery potential would be untapped, as in approximately 160 GWh , in kitchens where the hot water consumption is too small for financial profitability. This corresponds to a reduction in GHG emissions of 44 k tons Ce / yr and leaves a gap in the market for inexpensive DWHR devices, which could exploit this potential at lower efficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a comparative study of regional engagement performed by Thai and UK universities, concerning the notion of industry 4.0 which aims at adding value to the economy using enhanced creativity and innovation. The research underlining this paper looks into the roles of regional universities engaging with their regions to deliver knowledge exchange programs to make impacts on regional development. The notion of knowledge-based entrepreneurship underpins its investigation. The investigation is concerning the essence of new knowledge recognized as the key elements of creativity and innovation, which are acknowledged to be a principal means by which regions foster economic growth and competitiveness. For small firms, such as community enterprises and local SMEs, new knowledge can be obtained when the firm actively taps into knowledge sources, such as universities and entrepreneurial networks. Firms able to employ this strategy are known as knowledge-based entrepreneurs. This study will present how the knowledge-based entrepreneurship in these regional enterprises is promoted through engagement with the universities in their regions. Comparisons and discussions given the different contexts of the developing system of Thailand and the developed system of the UK will also be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study estimates the effect of education on trust with a RD design. • Education and trust are positively and significantly correlated. • The OLS estimates may suffer from omitted variable bias. • RD estimates imply the effects of education on trust may be small. • We need to interpret the relationship between education and trust with caution. Although many studies document that education and trust are positively correlated, few studies examine whether this correlation represents a causal effect. This paper fills in the gap with data from the British Social Attitudes Survey. Firstly, using the OLS method, this paper finds that education and the three measures of trust—trust in people, trust in politicians, and trust in government—are all positively and significantly correlated. Secondly, to examine whether this correlation represents a causal effect, this paper exploits exogenous variation in educational attainment induced by the compulsory schooling reform in 1972. The regression discontinuity estimates suggest that the effects of education on the three measures of trust are all small and statistically insignificant. The findings imply that the OLS estimates may suffer from omitted variable bias and the effects of education on trust may be small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how power and knowledge are involved in the workings of speech and language therapy and in the work of speech and language therapists (SLTs). The paper draws on Foucault for its conceptual frame, with reference to his exposition of governmentality, biopolitics and pastoral power. Based on interviews with thirty-three SLTs in the UK, the findings show that evidence-based practice (EBP) is ever-present in speech and language therapy, despite its apparent absence; and that its power circulates in a multitude of ways. EBP as a process, and not an outcome, was workable. When competent practice was at risk, however, the SLTs challenged the dominance of EBP by saying it needed to 'get real' but then were troubled when it did. Working the 'wise' - those people involved with the client, including the SLTs themselves - was key to speech and language therapy; as was the making of subjects into biopolitical objects. At its most rewarding, but also most personally challenging, the work of SLTs involves mediating between different ways of being in the world and reimagining life, personhood and citizenship; to capture this complex labour process, the paper introduces the term 'pastoral labour'. • Uses Foucauldian lens to examine how power and knowledge govern the work of SLTs. • Evidence-based practice discriminates against some clients, it needs to 'get real'. • Reflective practice can inhibit the sharing of clinical practice knowledge. • SLTs' work means working the 'wise' i.e. other professionals, family, and themselves. • Pastoral labour - labour mediates knowledges and knowing in the 'making' of citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the United Kingdom, there is evidence that faith-based affiliations, ideas, actors and organisations play a role in public health (PH) that has been neither properly recognised nor integrated into mainstream health systems (November, 2014). Discourses on faith and improving health outcomes have been particularly focused on 'seldom heard' groups, including 'Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic' (BAME) communities (November, 2014; Jain, 2014; Burton et al., 2017; Muhammad, 2018). In this paper we first present findings from a qualitative scoping study carried out in the UK cities of Leeds and Bradford, between 2014 and 2015, which examined Places of Worship (PWs) as BAME PH settings. We carried out 19 semi-structured interviews with purposively selected respondents, and three focus groups. Second, we develop a theory that originates from one in the sub-discipline of 'health geography' concerned with 'therapeutic landscapes', applying it to our research findings on PWs as BAME PH settings. The paper argues for the recentring of religion and faith settings back into the therapeutic landscapes literature, reflecting evidence that faith-based affiliations, ideas, actors and organisations are relevant to the pursuit of health and wellbeing. We also contend that a therapeutic landscapes framework provides a way of making the health relevance of PWs visible to both health practitioners and to members of PWs. We argue that PWs act as therapeutic places (i.e. specific transformative sacred sites) as well as therapeutic spaces (i.e. settings that provide adjuncts to formal PH promotion services), and are often part of therapeutic networks included in 'kinship groups and networks of care provided by family, friends, therapists and other agents of support' (Smyth, 2005: 490). This approach allows us to see how influences on health behaviour are not just confined to biomedical settings, but that the 'healing process works itself out in places (or situations, locales, settings and milieus)' (Gesler, 1992: 743). • Faith-based actors and organisations play role in BAME public health. • Examines places of worship as BAME public health settings. • Recentres religion and faith settings into therapeutic landscapes literature. • Influences on health behaviour are not just confined to bio-medical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Regenerative eco-innovation , demanding radical and architectural change to restore, renew and revitalise the natural system, is arguably the most important type of eco-innovation to address the pressing challenges of sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to explore the role of the regulatory framework and wider contextual conditions in facilitating or hindering regenerative eco-innovations. This is especially relevant for the built environment, a sector that is highly regulated and where rates of innovation are typically slow. We combined a review of relevant archival material with an interview programme involving key stakeholders from the UK's built environment sector. We contribute to the literature by extending and elaborating our understanding of regenerative eco-innovation in two ways. First, we extend the literature on regulation and eco-innovation by exploring what constitutes high quality regulation in the context of regenerative development. Second, we elaborate on how regenerative eco-innovations are facilitated or hindered by wider contextual conditions. Our paper also has practical utility. More understanding of how effective regulation can support regenerative eco-innovations, and of how the wider contextual conditions facilitate or hinder regenerative eco-innovations, allows industry and government to respond better to the urgent global challenge of closing material cycles. Highlights • Explores the influence of regulation and wider contextual conditions on regenerative eco-innovation • Focuses on a case study of extracted materials in the UK built environment sector • Extends and elaborates our understanding of regenerative eco-innovation in two ways: • what constitutes high quality regulation in the context of regenerative development • how the regulatory roots of regenerative eco-innovation are affected by wider contextual conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transitional spaces have been widely applied in building designs. They may account for 10–40% of total volume in different types of buildings. Maintaining an acceptable level of thermal comfort for transitional spaces poses challenges to building designers and engineers. However, there is not in general a recommended acceptable comfort range for transitional spaces, nor are there specific thermal comfort prediction methods. This paper aims to investigate the thermal environmental performance and people's adaptive comfort in transitional spaces, by conducting field studies, which include on-site questionnaire surveys and physical measurements. Field studies were carried out for three selected case study buildings in Cardiff, each having some forms of transitional space. They were the National Assembly for Wales Senedd, the Hadyn Ellis Building and the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama. The total responses from the questionnaire surveys were 736 and 580, for all buildings, during the summer period in 2017 and the winter period in 2018 respectively. This paper first presents the findings from the field studies, followed by in-depth analysis of human adaptability to thermal environment. Strong correlations were identified between clothing value and indoor operative temperature. People's adaptability to the thermal environment is confirmed, with nearly 80% of the respondents opting for self-adaptive actions to overcome uncomfortable situations. The identified 90% acceptability comfort band (−0.5 < TSV< +0.5) were 4.0 °C and 4.2 °C for the summer period and the winter period respectively, implying that a fine control of the indoor temperature to maintain an acceptable comfort level is not necessary. 1. Total 1316 (736 in summer and 580 in winter) valid questionnaires were collected from the building transitional spaces of three different public buildings in Cardiff, UK; 2. Indoor operative temperature was well-correlated with thermal sensation votes; 3. Acceptable temperature ranges, neutral temperature and preferred temperature were identified; 4. A fine temperature control was unnecessary; 5. People's adaptability to the thermal environment was confirmed; 6. People in cold climate was found to have higher preferred temperature than neutral temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that existing English and Welsh mental health legislation (The Mental Health Act 1983 (MHA)) should be changed to make provision for advance decision-making (ADM) within statute and makes detailed recommendations as to what should constitute this statutory provision. The recommendations seek to enable a culture change in relation to written statements made with capacity such that they are developed within mental health services and involve joint working on mental health requests as well as potential refusals. In formulating our recommendations, we consider the historical background of ADM, similarities and differences between physical and mental health, a taxonomy of ADM, the evidence base for mental health ADM, the ethics of ADM, the necessity for statutory ADM and the possibility of capacity based 'fusion' law on ADM. It is argued that the introduction of mental health ADM into the MHA will provide clarity within what has become a confusing area and will enable and promote the development and realisation of ADM as a form of self-determination. The paper originated as a report commissioned by, and submitted to, the UK Government's 2018 Independent Review of the Mental Health Act 1983. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The importance of supervision for social work practice is one of the most widely accepted tenets of the profession. Yet, surprisingly little is known about what happens in supervision, making it difficult to unravel what it is about supervision that makes a difference to social work practice. This paper describes the development of a framework for assessing the quality of group supervision. It focuses on one sub-category of group supervision – systemic group supervision – and draws a wider evaluation of systemic social work practice in the UK. It is based on 29 observations of "live" of supervision to illustrate differences in quality of supervisory practice. The process of developing the coding framework was cyclical, and ultimately resulted in a three-point ordinal grouping for assessing systemic supervisory practice. Analysis of observational data assessed systemic group supervision as follows: 8 as non-systemic (28%); 12 (41%) as demonstrating some incorporation of systemic ideas into interactions, described as "green shoots" (or showing encouraging signs of development but not yet reached its full potential); and 9 (31%) supervision sessions demonstrating a full incorporation of systemic concepts and practice. What marked "systemic" sessions from "green shoots" supervision was the move from hypothesis generation about family relations and risk to children to purposeful, actionable conversations with families: the move from reflection to action. This paper supports a small but growing body of evidence about the fundamental characteristics of successful or effective supervision within children and families social work. Highlights • Describes a new method for assessing social work supervisory practice • Defines an emerging type of supervision – systemic group supervision – informed by systemic family therapy principles • Identifies six essential domains of systemic supervision, including the relational nature of family problems • Ranks systemic supervision as: non-systemic, "green shoots" (or showing promise) and fully "systemic" • "Systemic" sessions were marked by a move from hypotheses generation to purposeful, actionable conversations with families [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consensus guidelines are not available for the use of immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IGRT) in patients developing iatrogenic secondary antibody deficiency following B-cell targeted therapy (BCTT) in autoimmune rheumatic disease. To evaluate the role of IGRT to manage hypogammaglobulinemia following BCTT in autoimmune rheumatic disease (AIRD). Using an agreed search string we performed a systematic literature search on Medline with Pubmed as vendor. We limited the search to English language papers with abstracts published over the last 10 years. Abstracts were screened for original data regarding hypogammaglobulinemia following BCTT and the use of IGRT for hypogammaglobulinemia following BCTT. We also searched current recommendations from national/international organisations including British Society for Rheumatology, UK Department of Health, American College of Rheumatology, and American Academy of Asthma, Allergy and Immunology. 222 abstracts were identified. Eight papers had original relevant data that met our search criteria. These studies were largely retrospective cohort studies with small patient numbers receiving IGRT. The literature highlights the induction of a sustained antibody deficiency, risk factors for hypogammaglobulinemia after BCTT including low baseline serum IgG levels, how to monitor patients for the development of hypogammaglobulinemia and the limited evidence available on intervention thresholds for commencing IGRT. The benefit of BCTT needs to be balanced against the risk of inducing a sustained secondary antibody deficiency. Consensus guidelines would be useful to enable appropriate assessment prior to and following BCTT in preventing and diagnosing hypogammaglobulinemia. Definitions for symptomatic hypogammaglobulinemia, intervention thresholds and treatment targets for IGRT, and its cost-effectiveness are required. • Immunoglobulin replacement therapy for secondary hypogammaglobulinemia is increasing in autoimmune rheumatic disease. • We review the currently available literature surrounding hypogammaglobulinemia after B-cell targeted therapy in AIRD. • Consensus guidelines are needed for appropriate assessment to prevent, diagnose and to treat hypogammaglobulinemia in AIRD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]