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Plasmonic heterojunctions present excellent photocatalytic performance for water splitting. Herein, a novel S-scheme heterojunction of CdS-ZnO nanorods assisted with low-content Au (<1 wt%) plasmon was achieved successfully, which possessed the H 2 -generated efficiency of 14.36 mM h−1 g−1. Remarkable catalytic activity stems from the S-scheme mechanism, metal plasma resonance and the unique flower-shaped morphology. S-scheme endues the heterojunction with efficient carrier separation and strong redox capacity, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) generated from low-content Au broadens light absorption range and injects hot electrons into the heterojunction. In-situ XPS measurements verified an S-scheme carrier migration mechanism as well as hot electrons transfer. Other optical and photoelectric characterizations, as well as simulation calculation by finite difference time domain (FDTD) were also utilized to conjecture the probable mechanism. Low content noble metal and unique morphology accelerate the photocatalytic H 2 -production, and it likely proposes the promising strategy for practical application of photocatalysis for solar energy conversion. [Display omitted] • Three-dimensional flower-like structure is composed of nanorods. • Heterostructure presented an efficient H 2 -production rate of 14.36 mM h−1 g−1. • SPR of low-content Au accelerated photocatalytic hydrogen production. • In-situ XPS verified S-scheme carrier migration and SPR hot electrons transfer. • S-scheme endued heterojunction with an excellent redox capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work demonstrates a comprehensive model for horizontal turbulent jet flame geometries under opposing wind, for which few data or models can be found in the literature. This situation can be a practical scenario of offshore drilling platform with a horizontal flare under opposing wind. The opposing wind pushes the jet flame back, which eventually turns around and upwards, pointing finally downstream in the windward direction. The flame geometries are characterized by four parameters including horizontal length and vertical height from nozzle exit to the location of farthest point that flame envelope could reach before the flame turns around as well as horizontal length and vertical height from nozzle exit to the location of flame tip. Experiments are carried out for horizontal jets discharged from circular nozzles having diameters of 3, 5, 7 and 9 mm and employing propane as fuel with opposing wind speeds from 0.35 to 1.08 m/s. The locations of flame tip and the flame farthest point decrease with increasing opposing wind for a constant heat release rate. Dimensional analysis is derived from a physical model considering the momentum of fuel jet, flame buoyancy due to the flame temperature rise, opposing wind momentum and normalized flow rate at stoichiometric conditions at flame tip. The normalized flame geometry parameters based on the proposed model are well represented by two characteristic length scales derived by accounting for the interaction between excess jet-wind momentum and flame buoyancy as well as that between opposing wind momentum and flame buoyancy. In addition, the normalized mass flow rate at stoichiometric conditions determines the total length of flame trajectory. Moreover, an integral model is deduced by an air entrainment model and top hat profiles for the mass and momentum conservations to predict well the flame geometries of horizontal jet fires under opposing wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A flame downwash phenomenon was investigated for horizontal jet fire with crossflow perpendicular to the fuel discharge direction. Such a jet fire configuration involves complex flow and air-fuel mixing interactions due to relatively different directions of the fuel jet, buoyant flow, and cross-flow, for which a systematic data does not exist yet. Experiments were conducted with various nozzle diameters (8 ∼ 20 mm) with propane fuel and varying fuel flow rate. The crossflow air speed, generated by a wind tunnel, varied from 1.76 to 4.56 m/s. Results showed that the length of flame downwash first increased and then decreased with the increase in the fuel supply flow rate. The flame downwash length became smaller with the increase in the crossflow air speed at relatively small fuel flow rate and became larger with the increase in the crossflow air speed at relatively large fuel flow rate. A dimensional analysis was performed on flame downwash behavior of the horizontal jet fires based on the analysis of controlling mechanisms, from which three characteristic parameters were identified. First, the dimensionless mass flow rate (S m ˙ f / ρ ∞) / [ U c × (U c 2 / G) 2 ] represents the fuel flow rate normalized by the characteristic air entrainment, which influences the total flame length. Second, the momentum flux ratio of jet to crossflow R represents the relative drag force of negative pressure zone in the leeward side, which determines the amount of fuel or total flame length trapped along the leeward side to produce the downwash flame. Third, the competition of the jet momentum to flame buoyancy flux ( m ˙ f U j / ρ ∞) 3 / 4 / ( m ˙ f G / ρ ∞) 1 / 2 represents the characteristic length in the jet discharged direction where the flame motion turns from horizontal (jet momentum controlled) to vertical (buoyancy controlled) direction. The measured length of flame downwash considering the nozzle diameter, fuel flow rate, and crossflow air speed was satisfactorily correlated by the proposed mechanisms/parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were established as the target for blood lipid management among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Previous study reported a negative relation between baseline LDL-C levels and long-term prognosis. However, the association between baseline non-HDL-C concentration and clinical outcomes is unknown. A total of 41,182 CAD patients admitted to Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital in China were included in this study from January 2007 to December 2018 and divided into two groups (non-HDL-C < 2.2 mmol/L, n = 3236; non-HDL-C ≥ 2.2 mmol/L, n = 37,946). The Kaplan–Meier method, Cox regression analyses and restricted cubic splines were used to assess the association between non-HDL-C levels and long-term all-cause mortality. The overall mortality was 12.74% (n = 5247) over a median follow-up period of 5.20 years. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that low non-HDL-C levels were paradoxically associated with a worse prognosis. After adjustment for baseline confounders (e.g., age, sex and comorbidities, etc.), multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that low non-HDL-C levels (<2.2 mmol/L) were not significantly associated with all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.93–1.14). After adjustment for nutritional status, the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with low non-HDL-C levels decreased (adjusted HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78–0.95). In the final multivariate Cox model adjusting for full covariates, low non-HDL-C level was related to better prognosis (adjusted HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80–0.98). This study found a paradoxical association between baseline non-HDL-C concentration and long-term all-cause mortality. Malnutrition mainly mediates to the non-HDL-C paradox. Elevated non-HDL-C concentration is still a risk factor of long-term all-cause mortality after considering nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Digital inclusive finance can significantly enhance corporate ESG performance. • Executives with financial backgrounds may impede the positive impact of digital inclusive finance on corporate ESG performance. • The positive impact of digital inclusive finance on corporate ESG performance is particularly pronounced in mid-western enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises. Utilizing empirical data from A-share listed corporations on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges of China between 2011 and 2021. It empirically examines the impact of digital inclusive finance (DIF) on corporate ESG performance and explores the mediating function of executives with financial backgrounds. The research findings are below: (1) DIF considerably improves corporate ESG performance, consistently validated across a spectrum of robustness tests; (2) DIF's beneficial impact on business ESG performance is reduced by the influence of executives with financial backgrounds (3) The positive influence on corporate ESG performance is particularly evident for mid-western enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To increase the utilization rate of superfine iron tailings (SIT), a novel coal fly ash (CFA)/SIT-based three-dimensional printing geopolymers (CS-3DPG) were synthesized for high-value resource application of SIT. The optimal preparation parameters of CS-3DPG were sodium citrate of 0.4%, water-solid ratio of 38%, SiO 2 /Na 2 O molar ratio of 1 and alkali activator of 6%, with the compressive strength of 32.14 MPa. Besides, the yield stress and plastic viscosity (rheological properties) of CS-3DPG reached 284 Pa and 18.8 Pa·S, respectively. The sodium aluminum silicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gels were identified as dominant hydration products by the selective chemical extractions. Microstructural analysis also successfully indicated that the retarder caused some CFA and SIT to be unreacted, resulting in the decrease of early compressive strength compared with CS-3DPG. Based on the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) values, kinetics of hydration and hydration kinetic contribution degree results, retarders effectually inhibited nucleation and growth (NG) and diffusion (D). The phase-boundary interaction (I) reaction played a major role after adding retarders. This work successfully reveals the early retarding mechanism of CS-3DPG, and provides the possibility of large-scale resource application of SIT-based 3DPG in 3D printing construction. • A novel three-dimensional printing geopolymers (CS-3DPG) was synthesized. • CS-3DPG exhibited excellent compressive strength and rheological properties. • The N-A-S-H gels were identified as leading hydration products. • The early retarding mechanism of CS-3DPG was attributed to I reaction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the flame geometry of vertically downward facing buoyant turbulent jet fires issuing from a nozzle subject to cross flows, which deflect the jet flow by interacting with downward momentum issuing from the source and the upward buoyant forces owing to the flames. The flames turn eventually upwards as the buoyant forces dominate. The objective of this work is to understand the physics and develop non-dimensional correlations and modeling for the flame geometry of this jet fire configuration never investigated before. For this purpose, experiments are conducted having 4 circular nozzles (diameter at 3, 4, 5 and 7 mm) with propane employed as fuel under various heat release rates. The cross flows are generated by a wind tunnel having a uniform cross flow air speed varying from 0.31 m/s to 2.08 m/s. The horizontal and downward distance from the nozzle to the lowest point of the jet flame, the vertical thickness of the flame at the lowest point, the flame vertical height from lowest point to the flame tip, the flame tip horizontal projection distance are measured. Three characteristic length scales developed by dimensional analysis considering initial downward momentum M 0 , flame buoyancy g ′, inertial cross flow force u a 2 together with the normalized air required for complete combustion S m ˙ f / ρ a u a × (u a 2 / g ′) 2 , are found to represent well the aforementioned properties of the flame geometry. An integral model, considering the mass and momentum conservations, is developed to predict the trajectory and geometric properties of the downward jet flame under cross flow showing good agreement with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • Field and simulated car-following trajectories were compared in the Wiedemann Cartesian systems. • The existence of the regime structure led to the "acceleration cliffs". • The "acceleration cliffs" were found to be responsible for the unrealistic VSP distributions. • The "acceleration cliffs" could be eliminated by implementing continuous acceleration models. Abstract Errors have been found in the speed-specific vehicle specific power (VSP) distributions generated by the Wiedemann car-following model. The impact of the existence of the regime structure on the distributions was investigated in this paper. The analysis was conducted based on massive field car-following trajectories and numerical simulation of the Wiedemann model. The field and simulated speed-specific VSP distributions and acceleration distributions were compared. The field and simulated accelerations were analyzed with the help of the Wiedemann Cartesian systems. The unrealistic "acceleration cliffs" were found along with the regime borders. It was indicated that the "acceleration cliff" was a source of the generated emission errors. The existence of the discrete regimes was responsible for the "acceleration cliff." It was indicated that the "acceleration cliff" could not be eradicated by the parameter calibration, unless the logics of the regimes were modified. A data-driven model was designed based on the Wiedemann plane. The "acceleration cliffs" were successfully eliminated by implementing continuous accelerations. It was indicated that the Wiedemann model had the potential to generate realistic VSP distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing the difference in compatibility and phase transition among PA6, monoglyceride (MG), octaphenylsilsesquioxane (OPS) and zinc diethylphosphinate (ZDP), a PA6 composite with microporous-micronucleus structure is simulated and designed. Due to the passivation micro-cracks effect of microporous-micronucleus structure, the MG/OPS/ZDP/PA6 composite exhibits excellent low-temperature impact strength (5.58 kJ m−2, 203.3% higher than neat PA6 at −170 °C). The nano-gap and nano-cage OPS endows the MG/OPS/ZDP/PA6 with low dielectric constant (2.95 at 100 Hz). The thermal insulation effect of micropores and the synergistic effect of OPS and ZDP in the micronucleus lead to the high flame retardancy of MG/OPS/ZDP/PA6. Meanwhile, the MG on the inner surface of the micropore and the ZDP in the micronucleus endow a dual antibacterial activity. This work provides a guideline for the construction of microporous-micronucleus structure to realize the functional design of composite. [Display omitted] • A heterogenous microporous-micronucleus PA6 composite is simply prepared. • The universal formation mechanism of micropore-micronucleus structure is proposed. • MG/OPS/ZDP/PA6 is toughened at extremely low temperature (−170 °C). • Microporous structure and nanocage OPS endow low dielectric constant. • Microporous and MG/OPS/ZDP endow flame retardancy and antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The methods of modulating emitting color are greatly important for up-conversion phosphors to broaden their applications, ranging from information storage to surface display. In this paper, the Ho 3+ /Tm 3+ /Yb 3+ tri-doped Gd 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 phosphors are synthesized by typical sol-gel method. It is found that the phosphors can radiate intense blue (475 nm), green (542 nm) and red (660 nm) up-conversion luminescence under 980 nm or 915 nm laser excitation. Especially, the emission color of the phosphors can be tuned from red to lavender by adjusting the excitation power of 980 nm or 915 nm continuous lasers. In addition, the up-conversion luminescence is also investigated under the excitation of 980 nm pulse laser. The emission color varies from green to blue and green to yellow by altering the pulse width and frequency, respectively. Combining the above methods, multi-color and white light are realized, indicating the potential application in dynamic colorful display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flame morphologic characteristic of vertical downward jet fires quantified. • Three regions of a downward jet fire distinguished. • A physical model considering momentum, buoyancy and entrainment developed. • CFD simulation showing the inner structure of flame conducted. • The characteristic length scale for flame geometrical characteristics proposed. This work explored the flame geometrical characteristics of vertical downward turbulent jet fires in still air, whose flame buoyancy was opposite to its initial momentum. Experiments were carried out under varied fuel supply rates with propane as fuel. Three circular nozzles having diameters of 3, 5 and 7 mm were employed. CFD simulation to show the combustion structure inside the flame was conducted in the work, contributing to proposing a new physical model. The inner flow field and average mixture fraction of a downward jet fire have been revealed and the CFD result was validated by experimental data. A downward jet fire can be distinguished in three regions: the downward core flow region where the initial flame momentum is opposed by buoyancy, the flow reversal dome region where the momentum reverses direction, and the upward combusting flow region, which surrounds the core, dominated by buoyancy. Three basic flame morphologic lengths of the downward jet fires were measured, namely the flame downward length below the nozzle, the flame width, and the total flame height. The inherent differences between downward, upward and horizontal jet, caused by the momentum direction, were discussed by comparing the flame sizes of these three types of jet flames. A physical model considering the initial downward volumetric momentum, the flame buoyancy and the air entrainment volume until complete combustion occurs was raised to depict the flame geometric characteristics derived from three characteristic length scales, namely a momentum-buoyancy competition length scale, a flow-rate length scale linked with the source diameter and a total combustion buoyancy length scale. All measured experimental flame lengths were normalized using dimensionless groups (such as L m L q and S m ̇ f / ρ ∞ g ′ L m L m 2 ) derived by these three length scales. The geometric properties of downward jet fires were shown to be well modelled by the proposed non-dimensional groups which were different from previously used length scales in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PFS is an effective adsorbent for removal COD. • The treated SFW could be reused in scheelite-flotation system. • Amorphous Fe(OH) 3(s) reacted with oleate to the formation of iron carboxylate. • The COD removal mechanism of PFS was deduced and described. This study investigated an efficient method for removal COD of scheelite flotation wastewater (SFW) with polyferric sulfate (PFS) and the reuse of the treated water into the flotation system. The mechanism of COD removal was studied by scanning electronmicroscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy, species distribution calculation and kinetics. Results showed that 66.85 % COD removal was achieved with PFS treatment under the optimum conditions (Contact time: 30 min, PFS dose: 1.5 g/L, and initial solution pH: 8). The COD of SFW was reduced from 207.36 mg/L to 68.75 mg/L and the COD removal capacity could reach 92.41 mg/g. The treated SFW could be reused in scheelite-flotation system without affecting index of scheelite. In addition, amorphous ferric hydroxide (Fe(OH) 3(s)) was formed during Fe(III) hydrolysis, and it could reacted with oleate to the formation of iron carboxylate, resulting the removal of COD in SFW. The kinetic analysis of PFS treatment process showed that the removal of COD obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the main rate-limiting step of the adsorption of amorphous Fe(OH) 3(s) was chemisorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The next generation of power sources for wearable electronics is anticipated to be nanogenerators based on triboelectric and piezoelectric mechanisms, which have proven to be effective at converting biomechanical energy into electrical energy. In this work, the piezoelectric and triboelectric effects of modeling clay were deeply explored. It is interestingly found that dry modeling clay possesses increasing β phase crystallinity when wet modeling clay undergoes annealing treatment. Based on the piezoelectric mechanism, the single-layer device of dry modeling clay delivers a power density of 1 W/m2, 250 times higher than the single-layer device of wet modeling clay. By piezoelectric mechanism, the single-layer device of polystyrene (PS) film delivers a power density of 0.35 W/m2. It is amazing that the nanogenerator composed of dry modeling clay and PS double layers achieves a high-power density of 3.75 W/m2. Through deep investigation, it is found that a synergetic piezo-triboelectric mechanism takes effect. The piezoelectric effects in each dry modeling clay, the porous structure of the polystyrene film, and the triboelectric effects occurring between the two layers are all involved. It was demonstrated that 200 and 300 commercial LED lights could be powered by the dry modeling clay-based device and the dry modeling clay-PS double layer device, respectively, showing that the devices have the potential to be used for energy harvesting. [Display omitted] • Efficiently increasing β phase crystallinity by thermally annealing wet modeling clay. • Enhance power density by increasing β phase crystallinity on the base of piezoelectric effect. • Achieve high-performance nanogenerators by piezo-triboelectric synergetic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have examined the non-enzymatic disassembly of cell walls in persimmon fruits. The objective of the study was to investigate the changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species and in the activity of antioxidative enzymes and, to evaluate the effect of OH on the in vitro breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides of persimmon fruit at different ripening stages. After harvest, persimmon ( Diospyros kaki , ‘Mopan’) fruits were treated with 95% CO 2 at room temperature, and the results showed that fruit firmness rapidly decreased and the respiratory and ethylene release rates increased. At the same time, hydroxyl radicals ( OH) and O 2 − rapidly accumulated, and the activities of related antioxidant enzymes such as dismutase peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase superoxide, also changed. The effects of OH induced by the Fenton reaction on the cell wall materials in vitro were investigated; the water soluble pectin and CDTA-soluble pectin contents increased, and Na 2 CO 3 -soluble pectin content decreased. Due to the increasing levels of reactive oxygen species, especially OH, during persimmon fruit softening, and the in vitro effect of OH on the scission of cell wall polysaccharides, we postulated that OH may be involved in persimmon fruit softening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other respiratory inflammatory diseases are often associated with cigarette smoke exposure. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced inflammation and pyroptosis in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. CSE was administered to HBE cells and inflammation and pyroptosis were assessed. The mRNA levels of S1PR2, NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 in HBE cells were detected by quantitative RT-PCR. Secreted protein levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in the culture supernatants were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting was used to measure the levels of S1PR2 and pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18). Our study revealed an upregulated expression of S1PR2, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and regulated IL-18 in HBE cells after CSE exposure. Genetic blockage of S1PR2 could reverse the increased expression of these proteins related to CSE-induced pyroptosis. Conversely, S1PR2 overexpression increased CSE-induced pyroptosis by upregulating the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 in HBE cells. Our results revealed that a novel S1PR2 signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of CSE-induced inflammation and pyroptosis in HBE cells. Thus, S1PR2 inhibitors could be an effective treatment for cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation and injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma techniques to degrade pollutants are generally more efficient than conventional methods, but exist some problems such as high energy consumption, incomplete degradation of pollutants, and secondary pollution caused by highly toxic intermediates. In this study, the dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBDP) combined with the Ti-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) catalysts (P25/NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti)) was used to degrade fluorene in the soil. The synergistic treatment technique used in soil remediation can realize a green and promising treatment efficiency with relatively low energy consumption. Compared with DBDP system alone, the synergetic treatment system of DBDP and P25/NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) considerably increased the degradation efficiency of fluorene in the soil to above 90% at 10 min, even with a relatively low discharge voltage (5 kV). The synergistic treatment system achieved 88.8% of fluorene mineralization at 60 min. Optical emission spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy both showed that •OH and •O 2 − played an important role in the synergetic treatment system. Nine main intermediates were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The main degradation of fluorine in soil was caused by the electronic transition of the catalytic material excited by DBDP, and finally mineralized into CO 2 and H 2 O. The fluorene and its toxic intermediates were effectively removed. This study provides an insight for achieving high efficiency and environmentally friendly application perspective in soil remediation. [Display omitted] • A novel combination of DBDP with Ti-based MOFs was used to degrade fluorine. • Enhanced removal and less energy consumption were achieved by synergistic effect.. • P25/NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) addition to the DBDP system increases active species quantity. • Potential degradation pathways and mechanism of fluorine are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood–wood friction is an ancient subject, and its related mechanisms have been elucidated. However, the tribological mechanism of wood–wood friction at a high speed is still unclear. In this paper, an experimental equipment of wood friction welding was designed and fabricated. The influences of welding equipment and wood parameters on frictional force, normal force, and welding interface temperature were studied. Results show that the speed of welding into wood has a significant effect on interfacial force and normal force. Increase in wood moisture content reduces frictional and normal forces, and increase in fiber angle increases frictional force, normal force, and welding interface temperature. This study provides theoretical and technical basis for the study of wood friction welding. • The influences of welding equipment and wood parameters on friction force, normal force, and temperature were studied. • The speed of welding into wood had a significant effect on interfacial normal force and friction forces. • Increased in fiber angle increases friction force, normal force, and welding interface temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coaxial fiber-shaped Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors (CFZHSCs) with high power/energy density, long cycle life, splendid mechanical stability, and high safety are promising electrochemical energy storage devices for flexible and wearable electronics. However, the poor electrochemical performance of Zn anode severely restricts their practical application. To address this challenge, a highly reversible fiber-shaped Zn anode with controlled deposition morphology is developed based on theoretical calculation guided design of highly zincophilic 3D metal-organic-frameworks derived carbon with N- and OH-containing functional groups (N,O-MOFC) scaffold, by regulating electroplating chemistry of the initial nucleation and crystal growth time of zinc metal. Benefitting from fast ion diffusion ability of the hierarchically nanostructured 3D Zn/N,O-MOFC anode on the carbon nanotube fiber (CNTF), the assembled CFZHSCs device achieves a large volumetric specific capacitance of 128.06 F cm−3 and a high volumetric energy density of 57.63 mWh cm−3, surpassing the state-of-the-art FZHSCs device. More impressively, the efficient rechargeable capability of the fiber-shaped Zn anode also enables an adequately stable CFZHSCs device with the capacitance retention of 99.20% after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles and remarkable mechanical flexibility. As a conceptual demonstration of system integration, the as-fabricated CFZHSCs device is integrated with triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) yarn to achieve the self-powered textile-based monitoring systems to stably detect temperature variation. The constructed coaxial fiber-shaped Zn-ion supercapacitor realize the self-powering textile-based energy-sensor to stably monitor the temperature of the human body. [Display omitted] • We construct a reversible fiber-shaped Zn anode by regulating the initial nucleation and crystal growth time of zinc metal. • The assembled CFZHSCs device achieves a large specific capacitance 128.06 F cm−3 and a high energy density 57.63 mWh cm−3. • The CFZHSCs device embraces the excellent cyclic stability and remarkable mechanical flexibility. • The CFZHSCs device is integrated with TENG yarn to achieve the self-powered textile-based monitoring systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CaCl 2 could remove suspended solids in weathered tungsten-ore beneficiation wastewater. • The Ca2+ supplied by CaCl 2 can neutralize the negative charge on suspended solids' surface. • CaCO 3(S) and CaSiO 3(S) were formed by the reaction of Ca2+ with CO 3 2– and SiO 3 2– in wastewater. • The reuse of treated water into tungsten-flotation system did not affect flotation index. The direct reuse of weathered tungsten-ore beneficiation wastewater (WTBW) in tungsten-flotation system seriously deteriorates the flotation index of tungsten because of its high content of suspended solids (SS). In the present study, an innovative technology using calcium chloride (CaCl 2) to remove SS from WTBW was established based on the theory of electroneutralization and chemical precipitation. A series of laboratory tests was performed to determine the optimal conditions for SS removal from WTBW. Species-distribution calculation, zeta potential, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to analyze the underlying mechanism. Results showed that the content of SS in WTBW decreased from 25.16 × 10 3 mg/L to 22.56 mg/L after CaCl 2 treatment. A concentrate with tungsten grade and recovery of 1.93% and 74.81%, respectively, was obtained by reusing the treated wastewater in the tungsten-flotation system. Compared with untreated wastewater, the tungsten grade and recovery of concentrate increased by 0.45% and 12.20%, respectively. Moreover, the Ca2+ supplied by CaCl 2 can neutralize the negative charge on SS surface and further react with CO 3 2– and SiO 3 2– in solution to form CaCO 3(S) and CaSiO 3(S) , which explained why CaCl 2 can promote the aggregation and sedimentation of SS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The recurrence of leukemia is largely due to the presence of residual cells. • To predict their prognosis, Minimal Residual Disease is needed to monitor patients' response to therapy. • This is the first meta-analysis which systematically investigates the prognostic value of Minimal Residual Disease for patients with Mantle Cell Lymphoma. • To complement the understanding of Mantle Cell Lymphoma and demonstrate its strong association with clinical outcomes in Mantle Cell Lymphoma patients, we conducted this meta-analysis. Some studies have elucidated that Minimal residual disease (MRD) in patient with Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) was a significant prognostic factor, with potential value in assessing overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). However, most studies were widely varied in included population, sample sources and MRD detection time points. Some studies even have conflicting results. In view of this, a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate association of MRD levels with clinical outcomes in patients with MCL. We identified 7 included articles, which were published in recent 20 years. Then, we extracted or calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Our results reveal that patients with MRD negativity have improved OS (HR = 0.63; 95 % CI: 0.50−0.79) and PFS (HR = 0.40, 95 % CI: 0.21−0.76), comparing with patients with MRD positivity. There are also consistent results in subgroups based on sample sources and MRD detection time points. Our study also demonstrates that MRD level is a strong prognostic factor of clinical outcomes. Thus, MRD is expected to be an effective clinical indicator for assessing prognosis and guide treatment decisions in MCL patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber-shaped asymmetric supercapacitors (FASCs) with high electrochemical performance have become an important component of modern wearable fiber-shaped electronic devices. However, terrible cycling stability restricts their further development in energy storage fields. The most common strategy is to coat the carbon layer on the surface of the electrode materials, whereas the carbon layer is prone to peel off during bending process, which decrease the cyclic stability of the electrodes or devices. To overcome this challenge, the coaxial fiber electrodes have been achieved via 3D printing direct ink writing (DIW) technology and the FASC device has the excellent electrochemical cycle performance owing to the compact architectures of the positive and negative electrode. Benefited from the suitable charge match of two electrodes and the uniformity of carbon layer coated on the surface of electrodes, the as-fabricated FASC device embraces high areal capacitance of 318.82 mF cm-2, superior areal energy density of 143.15 μWh cm-2, and excellent long-term cycling performance with capacitance retention of 98.63% after 12,000 cycles. The fiber-shaped asymmetric supercapacitor was constructed by twisting two 3D printing coaxial fiber electrode, which exhibits ultralong cyclic stability and wearability. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most thermometers suffer from thermal quenching resulting in low signal to noise ratio at elevated temperature. To overcome thermal quenching, we fabricated a negative thermal expansion (NTE) thermometer based on Sc 2 Mo 3 O 12 :Nd3+/Yb3+/Er3+ phosphor. Under 808 nm excitation, the upconversion (UC) emissions of Er3+ ions show the thermal enhancement and its 524 nm emission increases 10-fold as the temperature increased from 310 to 670 K. Furthermore, the temperature sensing behaviors are investigated. It is found fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of 524–559 nm is linear with temperature over a wide range of 310–790 K. The maximum relative sensitivity is 0.84% K−1 at 310 K. These results indicate such phosphor not only achieves a high sensitivity, but also exhibits excellent performances at high temperature due to its thermal enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Up-conversion phosphor is a potential candidate as non-contact temperature sensor because of its unjammable and unique detection abilities. In this work, we investigate the influence of Yb 3+ concentration on the emission color, thermal sensing and optical heater behavior of Er 3+ doped Y 6 O 5 F 8 phosphor. Our results show that the emission color of Er 3+ and Yb 3+ co-doped Y 6 O 5 F 8 powder changes from green to yellow with the Yb 3+ concentration increasing. Importantly, the temperature sensing sensitivities of Er 3+ and Yb 3+ co-doped Y 6 O 5 F 8 powder reach 0.008, 0.009, 0.010 and 0.011 K −1 as the sample doped with 2%, 5%, 8% and 11% Yb 3+ at 476 K, respectively. Moreover, the temperature of high Yb 3+ concentration sample shows preferable optical heating behavior, whose temperature is ascended by a large value of 94 K when the excitation pump power density changes from 1.0 to 13.1 W cm −2 . These results suggest Er 3+ and Yb 3+ co-doped Y 6 O 5 F 8 powder has great potential in colorful display, temperature sensing and optical heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incorporating cold-start emissions from hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) into on-road emission modeling is fundamental to accurately assess the environmental impacts aligned with their projected deployment. This study introduces a cold-start emission model, integrating travel time, dynamic emission rates, and cold-start durations by fuel type. This study further explores the anticipated spatiotemporal patterns of annual cold-start emissions. Findings indicate a reliance on gasoline for most on-road vehicles in the next decade, but vehicle electrification could reduce carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NO X) emissions by over 60% by 2035. Cold-start emissions will remain significant (67%-79% of CO, 59%-71% of HC, and 42%-54% of NO X emissions), especially on local roads. Cold-start emissions from HEVs will contribute to 14%, 25%, and 13% of total CO, HC, and NO X emissions in 2035, respectively. This study highlights the importance of accurate modeling in understanding the environmental benefits of vehicle electrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benefiting from a particular ceramic/graphene interface anchored structure, SiBON/reduced graphene oxide nanoplatelets (RGNPs) composite was successfully designed. The electromagnetic wave is smoothly introduced into the composite from the outer layer composed of wave transmission ceramics and attenuated from the inner RGNPs layer, which solves the high impedance matching characteristic of RGNPs. With high-performance electromagnetic absorption, the composites are synthesized by an innovative chemical grafting method, and its absorbing mechanism is discussed. The SiO 2 (110) lattice plane is oriented to the edge of RGNPs using the preferred orientation when forming SiBON ceramic. A composite structure is formed with SiBON as external antenna poles and RGNPs as internal signal processors. The interaction between different dielectric loss mechanism balances is achieved by adjusting the content of the ceramic. Results prove that the composite has the best electromagnetic wave absorption performance, when the mass ratio of SiBON ceramics to RGNPs is 1:10, and the filling amount is 20 wt%, forming a broad absorption band (4.80 GHz, 12.88 GHz–17.68 GHz). When the mass ratio of SiBON ceramics to RGNPs is 1:40, the maximum reflection loss is −50.43 dB (13.44 GHz) at a small thickness (1.7 mm). (a) the process of synthesizing interface-oriented anchoring composite materials through KH-560 and concentrated sulfuric acid; (b, c) wave absorption performance of composite materials; (d-e) TEM image of interface-oriented anchoring. Thanks to the innovative chemical grafting method using KH-560 as the medium, a special ceramic/graphene interface anchoring structure was synthesized. This structure enables electromagnetic waves to be smoothly introduced into the composite material from the outer layer composed of wave-transmitting ceramics, and attenuates from the inner layer of graphene, solving the high impedance matching characteristics of graphene. The results show that when the mass ratio of SiBON ceramics to RGNPs is 1:10 and the filling amount is 20 wt%, the composite material has the best electromagnetic wave absorption performance, forming a wide frequency band of 4.80 GHz, 12.88 GHz–17.68 GHz. When the mass ratio of SiBON ceramics to RGNP is 1:40, the maximum reflection loss at a small thickness (1.7 mm) is −50.43 dB (13.44 GHz). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emission of persistent luminescence nanoparticles (PLNPs) is in the second near infrared region (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm), considered as ideal fluorescence imaging materials because of their special characteristic consist of no autofluorescence, weak scattering and deep tissue penetration depth in biological tissues. However, it is still a great challenge to enhance their persistent luminescence intensity. Herein, we reported a new MgGe 0.8 Ga 0.2 O 3 : Yb3+ (MGGO: Yb3+) PLNPs, which were synthesized through solvothermal liquid-solid-solution and salt microemulsion method. We found that partially replacing Ge4+ with Ga3+ ions in MgGeO 3 host can increase the density of traps, thus significantly improving the NIR-II persistent luminescence intensity of Yb3+ ions (the decay time is more than 33 min). Moreover, X-ray could be used to repeatedly stimulate the NIR-II persistent emission of MGGO: Yb3+, which is pivotal for deep tissues long term imaging. The optical penetration length of Yb3+ ions persistent luminescence was assessed to be 3.9 mm via capping tissue. The above results reveal that MGGO: Yb3+ PLNPs are promising material to be applied to deep-tissue imaging field. • A new MgGe 0.8 Ga 0.2 O 3 : Yb3+ PLNPs with a diameter of about 48 nm were synthesized. • The partially replacing Ge4+ with Ga3+ ions in MgGe 0.8 Ga 0.2 O 3 host can improve the NIR-II persistent luminescence intensity. • The optical penetration length of NIR-II persistent luminescence is about 3.9 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Flame morphologic characteristics under various atmospheric pressures quantified. • Effect of sub-atmospheric pressure on horizontal jet flame behavior revealed. • The characteristic length scale for flame morphology proposed. • Correlations of flame horizontal projection length and vertical height established. • An integral model for the conservation of mass and momentum developed. This paper investigated the flame morphology including horizontal projection length and vertical height of horizontal turbulent jets under various sub-atmospheric pressures, for which both data and model are few. Experiments are conducted for various nozzle diameters in the range of 3 mm to 7 mm. Propane is used as the fuel in this study. The sub-atmospheric pressures, created by a reduced pressure chamber, are varied from 40 kPa to 100 kPa. A digital video camera is used to measure the flame morphologic characteristics. The experimental results show that the flame horizontal projection length increases with the increasing of heat release rate or the decreasing of chamber pressure. Meanwhile, the flame vertical height first increases then decreases with the increasing of heat release rate or the decreasing of chamber pressure, which shows a non-monotonic behavior. A characteristic length scale is proposed by dimensional analysis considering jet initial momentum, flame buoyancy and ambient air density to illustrate the controlling mechanisms in the flow development. And the characteristic air entrainment flow rate ρ ∞ L m 2 g ′ L m is used to normalize the stoichiometric mass flow rate at the flame tip, which determines the total length of the trajectory. Non-dimensional formulas are developed based on the derived length scale and characteristic air entrainment flow rate to describe the flame horizontal projection length and vertical height of horizontal jets under various sub-atmospheric pressures. Finally, an integral model considering air entrainment mechanism, top hat profiles and strong plume theory for the conservation of mass and momentum in horizontal and vertical directions is developed, which shows to describe the flame morphologic characteristics well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the temperature evolution inside a compartment (i.e. , room) as well as the external flame height ejected through the opening (i.e. , window) of fire compartment, which is associated with complex thermal heat/mass transfer and fluid dynamics. The scale effect on this problem is revealed and quantified employing the multi-scale compartments (inner scale ranged from 0.34 to 0.76 m). The fire heat release rate (Global Equivalence Ratio, GRE), opening sizes and compartment scales were varied with 468 experimental conditions. Models for predicting the upper-part temperature evolution with heat release rate (Global Equivalence Ratio, GRE), opening dimensions and compartment scales are established base on the heat balance analysis and the derived non-dimensional quantities. The external flame height shows a considerable difference for various compartment scales, due to the change of temperature inside the compartment hence buoyancy flux of the out-flow through the opening. A general model characterizing the external flame height of various compartment scales is proposed with the newly defined dimensionless excess heat release rate accounting for opening geometry length scale and the upper-part temperature inside the compartment, which shows a good agreement with the experimental results. This study provides important and new contributions over previous knowledge and has potential practical applications generally concerning the scale effect and for the validation of numerical models. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schematic illustration of combined inhibitory effect of Ca(ClO) 2 and DX on pyrite and galena. • Combined effect of Cp and DX depresses pyrite flotation more strongly than galena. • Calcium hypochlorite (Cp) and dextrin (DX) has synergistic effect on pyrite surface. • Cp and DX could be a new depressant scheme in pyrite-galena flotation systems. Selective separation of pyrite from base minerals is very important and challenging. This research investigates the combined inhibitory effect of two novel reagents on flotation behaviors of pyrite and galena under the low alkaline conditions. The depression and adsorption mechanism of calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO) 2 ] and dextrin (DX) on pyrite and galena were systematically studied via the microflotation experiments, reagent adsorption measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Flotation results showed that the combined effect of Ca(ClO) 2 and DX depressed the flotation of pyrite more strongly than that of their individual effect. An improved recovery difference of more than 60% between the galena and pyrite was achieved at pH 10 while using Ca(ClO) 2 and DX as depressant system and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) as collector. Reagent adsorption measurements showed that the adsorption amount of DDTC onto pyrite surface was decreased significantly with the prior addition of Ca(ClO) 2 and DX. On the contrary, the surface of galena remained mildly inert in the presence of Ca(ClO) 2 and DX and thus adsorbed significantly more amount of DDTC. XPS analysis showed that, in the presence of Ca(ClO) 2 , the surface of pyrite was severely oxidized to iron oxide/hydroxide species that promoted the adsorption of DX onto the pyrite surface. Based on the XPS analysis, an adsorption and depression mechanism of Ca(ClO) 2 and DX on pyrite and galena was also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the treatment and reuse of sulphide mineral processing wastewater through electrocoagulation (EC) and determined the optimum value of operational variables. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence were used to analyze the characteristics of sludge produced in the EC. Results showed that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency reached 98.36% under the optimum treatment conditions. The amounts of sulfate (SO 4 2−) and calcium ion (Ca2+) pollutants in the wastewater decreased, with removal efficiency of 93.14% and 94.86%, respectively. The treated water was reused in the grinding system and exerted no negative effect on subsequent flotation. In addition, amorphous aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) 3(s)) was formed during the EC and hydrocarbons, SO 4 2−, and Ca2+ appeared in the sludge in accordance with the characteristic of the EC products. In summary, the adsorption of amorphous Al (OH) 3(s) resulted in the removal of pollutants in the wastewater. The kinetic analysis of the EC system showed that the removal of pollutants obeyed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the main rate-limiting step of the adsorption of amorphous Al (OH) 3(s) was chemisorption. Unlabelled Image • Electrocoagulation could remove COD, SO 4 2− and Ca2+ in mineral processing wastewater. • The adsorption of amorphous aluminum hydroxide resulted in the removal of pollutants. • The reuse of treated water into grinding system did not affect subsequent flotation. • The use of fresh water and the discharge of wastewater were reduced by water recycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]