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Ferroptosis induced by lipid peroxide (LPO) accumulation is an effective cell death pathway for cancer therapy. However, how to effectively induce ferroptosis at tumor sites and improve its therapeutic effectiveness remains challenging. Here, MnFe 2 O 4 @NaGdF 4 @NLG919@HA (MGNH) nanocomplex with tumor-specific targeting and TME response is constructed to overcome immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to potentiate the curative effect of ferroptosis by coupling the immune checkpoint indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, NLG919, and hyaluronic acid (HA) to novel ultra-small MnFe 2 O 4 @NaGdF 4 (MG) nanoparticles with a Janus structure. Firstly, tumor site-precise delivery of MG and NLG919 is achieved with HA targeting. Secondly, MG acts as a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, which not only has a good photothermal effect to realize tumor photothermal therapy, but also depletes glutathione and catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species from endogenous H 2 O 2 , which effectively promotes the accumulation of LPO and inhibits the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4, achieving enhanced ferroptosis. Thirdly, NLG919 inhibits the differentiation of Tregs by blocking the tryptophan/kynurenine immune escape pathway, thereby reversing immunosuppressive TME together with the Mn2+-activated cGAS-STING pathway. This work contributes new perspectives for the development of novel ultra-small Janus nanoparticles to reshape immunosuppressive TME and ferroptosis activation. The Janus structured MnFe 2 O 4 @NaGdF 4 @NLG919@HA (MGNH) nanocomplex was synthesized, which can realize the precise delivery of T1/T2 contrast agents MnFe 2 O 4 @NaGdF 4 (MG) and NLG919 at the tumor site under the ultra-small Janus structural characteristics and targeted molecule HA. The production of ROS, consumption of GSH, and photothermal properties of MGNH make it possible for CDT/PTT activated ferroptosis, and synergistically disrupt and reprogram tumor growth and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with NLG919 and Mn2+-mediated activation of cGAS-STING pathway, achieving CDT/PTT/immunotherapy activated by ferroptosis. Meanwhile, ultra-small structural properties of MGNH facilitate subsequent metabolic clearance by the body, allowing for the minimization of potential biotoxicity associated with its prolonged retention. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the cross-fertilization development of automatic control technology, electronic science and technology, and wireless communication technology, a single filter is no longer able to solve the fault problem of the control system and communication system simultaneously and in a balanced manner. In this paper, we design a bidirectional robust fault-tolerant H ∞ non-sensitive compensation filter controller based on the robust adaptive fault-tolerant control algorithm, and further optimize the fault-tolerance correction factor and robust adaptive factor by the LMI (Linear-Matrix-Inequation) method under the regulation of the feedback matrix K, so that the system estimation error can converge to zero asymptotically. It can simultaneously solve the optimization problems of unknown faults (including external disturbances, partial failure of internal actuators, and random interruptions) of the self-assembling node and the acquisition of SNR (Signal-Noise-Ratio) by wireless self-assembling nodes. The simulation results show that the system eventually tends to be asymptotically stable in all performance metrics with feedback adjustment under the designed filter controller, and the estimation error asymptotically tends to zero. The robustness and fault tolerance performance indicators are good against external disturbances and internal actuator failure of the wireless self-assembling network node. The control rate of the network system all increases significantly as the total feedback constraint rate of the system increases, allowing the system to eventually obtain the optimal SNR. The experimental results show that the network nodes of the amorphous flat wireless air-to-ground self-organizing network system can change flexibly and adaptively with the change of scenes, and the wireless communication distance between the network nodes is relatively improved by 86.36%, 110%, and 79.91%, and the loop success rate appears to be stable fluctuation interval, which can greatly improve the survival rate of the self-organizing network nodes. This paper is of great research significance for further realizing the long-spacing transmission of self-organizing nodes and laying the foundation for future low-altitude fly-by-wire research. • In this paper, an amorphous flattened air–ground wireless self-organizing network-integrated system is used as the research object, which is an air-to-ground integrated wireless self-organizing network architecture and can realize air-to-ground integrated collaborative wireless communication. • This paper designs a bi-directional robust H-infinite non-sensitive compensation filter controller based on the robust fault-tolerant control algorithm, which can make the original system with high robust fault tolerance, high stability, and good anti-interference performance. • The filtering controller designed in this paper can be distributed to solve both the problem of unknown faults (including external disturbances and internal actuator faults) of wireless self-assembled nodes and the optimization problem of obtaining the optimal signal-to-noise ratio of wireless self-assembled nodes in the process of performing wireless signal transmission. • The filtering controller designed in this paper is different from the traditional robust adaptive controller. The filtering controller is designed according to the characteristics of bidirectional transmission of wireless self-assembly network nodes, which can perform bidirectional filtering control on wireless self-assembly network nodes in the process of wireless transmission, improve the success rate of wireless signal transmission of wireless self-assembly network nodes, and reduce the failure rate of wireless self-assembly network nodes. • After simulation and experimental verification, under the feedback control of the filter controller designed in this paper, the networked nodes of the amorphous flat wireless air–ground self-organizing network system can change flexibly and adaptively with the scene change, and the wireless communication distance between the self-organizing nodes is relatively improved by 86.36%, 110%, and 79.91%, and the loop success rate appears to be stable fluctuation interval, which can greatly improve the survival rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the implementation of rural revitalisation, China's rural landscape is experiencing drastic reconstruction together with a prominent debating concerning whether it should retain vernacular or become modern. However, there is little research about residents' landscape preferences regarding vernacular and modern. To fill this gap, this study investigated rural landscape preferences of resident groups in Chongqing City. Urban, town and rural residents were purposely selected and compared as they represent resident groups with varying levels of connection to rural landscapes during urbanisation. Three hundred and eighty-four residents were investigated through field surveys. The results demonstrate that rural residents do not like vernacular landscapes, because the average cognitive salience index of vernacular landscapes is 0.08 lower than that of modern landscape. Correspondence analysis reveals that there are mismatches between residents at all stages of landscape urbanisation and their living environments. A circular pattern emerges: urban residents prefer vernacular landscapes, town residents prefer modern landscapes, and rural residents prefer transitional landscapes. Combining word frequency analysis, two-step clustering and Kruskal–Wallis test, we found that connections with more urbanised areas of rural residents changed their preferences. Rural resident category 1 prefers landscapes with significantly higher vernacularisation (average score 49.39) as compared to category 3 (average score 33.61) with many contacts with the outside. The key factor driving the diversified preferences between the groups is the desire for a better living environment based on what residents perceived lacking in their current living environments. This study therefore demonstrates a theoretical transitional process for rural landscape preferences during urbanisation. Our results provide practical/policy implications for China's rural revitalisation processes and for similar processes in rural areas of other developing countries with diversified desire of varied social groups. • Modern landscapes in rural areas are more preferred than vernacular ones. • The preference of rural, town and urban residents for rural landscapes shows a transitional relationship. • Envisioned better lives intervene people's preferences for rural landscapes. • The transitivity of towns is important for understanding residents' rural landscape preferences in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laparoscopic surgery in children is often hampered by limited working space. This is partially compensated by stretching the child's abdominal wall. The volume of space that can be gained and changes to abdominal wall elasticity with respect to age are unknown. In the current research, we studied the extent of abdominal wall elasticity while establishing pneumoperitoneum in children. One hundred and sixty three children less than 18 years of age, undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery were recruited for the study. After induction of general anesthesia with a standardized muscle relaxant dose, a length of 5 cm was marked above, below and lateral to the umbilicus. The length of the marking was measured under increasing intraabdominal pressure (IAP of 0, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 mmHg). The measurements were repeated to assess the effect of prestretching. The patients were divided into two groups: infants (less than one year of age) and older children (more than one year of age). Depending on the age and axes of the measurements, a child's abdomen stretches up to 17% on average, with induction of pneumoperitoneum. The percentage of stretch tapers off as the IAP approaches peak pressure. As children become older, the longitudinal abdominal wall elasticity decreases, but the transverse abdominal wall elasticity increases. Regardless of age, prestretching results in a statistically significant increase in the elasticity over the transverse and lower sagittal abdominal wall. A child's abdominal wall has considerable expandability. The characteristics of elasticity change depending on the axis and age. Prestretching can improve intraabdominal working space. This knowledge is helpful in port position design for minimally invasive surgery in children. Level II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an impact-assessment framework to appropriately assess the impacts of two different types of distributed solar photovoltaic (DPV) installation on a realistic distribution network. To examine the spontaneous customer-based installations, a detailed Monte Carlo-based technique is introduced. For the controlled utility-based installation, a multi-objective optimization problem for the sizing and location of DPV installation is formulated aiming to improve energy loss, voltage deviation, and voltage fluctuation, avoiding reverse power flow and voltage violation. Solar insolation study is performed using light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data to estimate the potential of the network for DPV installation. In addition, a synthetic load profile modeling is developed to create yearly electricity load profiles for all the buildings in the given distribution network. The proposed framework is applied to a local distribution network with synthetic load profiles, Geographic Information System (GIS), and realistic solar insolation. It is found that for customer-based installation, voltage violation occurs beyond 30% of DPV penetration level, demonstrating the necessity of utility-based installation scheme for higher penetration ratios. Beyond a specific threshold, the probability of reverse power flow significantly increases in customer-based installation. Therefore, to achieve higher penetration ratios without reverse power flow and other negative impacts, utility-aided installation is necessary. • A detailed hosting capacity assessment with a comparative study of two different PV installation schemes is presented. • Customer-based random installation of distributed rooftop PVs is modeled. • Multi-objective optimization framework of distributed PVs is developed. • Potential of PV installation is calculated using available solar insolation and roof space. • Synthetic load profile modeling is proposed to generate individual load profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In order to investigate the fatigue performance of P/M nickel-based superalloy in the presence of defect, a semi-circle defect was prefabricated on the surface of FGH96 specimen, the size of the defect is determined in accordance with the minimum flaw size which can be detected by nondestructive testing (NDT), and then LCF tests of FGH96 specimens with artificial surface defect were carried out. • Different mechanisms of crack initiation from artificial surface defect at room and elevated temperature were discussed. It is supposed that transgranular slipping in the local stress concentration point is mainly responsible for crack initiation from artificial defect at room temperature, however, the formation and fracture of oxide film on the surface of defect and oxidation-induced weakness of grain boundaries can facilitate intergranular crack initiation at elevated temperature. • Life prediction of the specimens based on fracture mechanics was implemented by FRANC3D-ABAQUS co-simulation. This method allows that SIF can be conveniently calculated by finite element method and it is applicable to analysis of arbitrary engineering structure. • Life prediction based on fracture mechanics produces good life prediction results of FGH96 specimens with artificial surface defect which fall within double dispersion band of experimental lives at elevated temperature, but the predicted life is excessively conservative at room temperature. It seems that the proportion of crack initiation process is large at room temperature and decreases at elevated temperature. P/M nickel-based superalloys are widely used in turbine disks, defects such as inclusions and surface scratches inevitably arisen from manufacturing process will exert negative influences on the low-cycle fatigue performance of superalloys and make traditional life prediction method no longer reliable. The residual fatigue life in presence of defect is an important performance index for disc alloy in damage tolerance design criteria. In this work, LCF tests of FGH96 specimens with artificial surface defect were conducted at 600℃, 650℃, 700℃ and room temperature, the size of the defect is determined in accordance with the minimum flaw size which can be detected by NDT technique. The results show that the LCF life of the specimens with artificial surface defect decreases significantly with the increase of temperature and size of defect. Microscopic characterization technique SEM and EDS were executed to investigate the failure mechanism of the specimens, different mechanisms of crack initiation from artificial surface defect at room and elevated temperature were discussed. And then life prediction based on fracture mechanics was carried out by ABAQUS-FRANC3D co-simulation. This method allows that SIF can be conveniently calculated by finite element method and it is applicable to analysis of arbitrary engineering structure. Good life prediction results which fall within double dispersion band of experimental lives were obtained at elevated temperature, but the predicted life is excessively conservative at room temperature because the crack initiation process accounts for a large proportion of fatigue life. It seems that life prediction method based on fracture mechanics is more applicable to specimens with surface defect at elevated temperature due to the shorter crack initiation process. This work has reference significance to the damage tolerance analysis of turbine disks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The effects of sustained load on fatigue crack growth behavior at elevated temperature were experimental investigated and the influences of temperature and dwell time were discussed; • An extensive concept of "time-dependent damage" which involving all potential influencing mechanism was established, and its evolution with temperature and dwell time was discussed; • A parameter of effective action time of time-dependent damage was proposed to account for that the time-dependent crack extension in a loading cycle increases with dwell time in a decelerated manner; • A two-term crack growth model considering time-dependent damage was proposed and it is confirmed to be applicable to a wide range of temperature and dwell time under dwell fatigue conditions. Accurate prediction of fatigue crack growth behavior is crucial to damage tolerance assessment of turbine disk. Powder nickel-based superalloy is a kind of preferred material of turbine disk. For the purpose of better understanding the characteristics of its crack growth behavior under dwell fatigue conditions at elevated temperature, dwell fatigue crack growth tests of powder nickel-based superalloy FGH96 were conducted with compliance method at three temperatures (600℃, 650℃, 700℃) and multiple dwell time conditions (from 0 s to 60 s). The results show that sustained load can accelerate fatigue crack growth rate of FGH96 significantly at high temperature, and it is more pronounced with higher temperature and prolonged dwell time. At higher ΔK level, the acceleration effect brought by sustained load seems to diminish, this is ascribed to rapid crack growth rate which leads to insufficient time for time-dependent damage occurring at crack tip zone. The effect of temperature on dwell fatigue crack growth rate is more remarkable from 650℃ to 700℃, compared with that from 600℃ to 650℃. The fatigue crack growth resistance of FGH96 is sensitive to sustained load at 700℃, just 1 s dwell loading can produce remarkable acceleration effect on fatigue crack growth rate. The time-dependent crack extension in a loading cycle increases with dwell time in a decelerated manner. Finally, A phenomenological-based crack growth model considering time-dependent damage was proposed, the comparation between the proposed model and the experiment data confirms that it works well for a wide range of temperature and dwell time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease have a higher risk of bleeding and thrombotic events. However, data on the safety and efficacy of bivalirudin in these patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are lacking. 1152 patients undergoing elective PCI anticoagulated with bivalirudin and 10,250 patients anticoagulated with unfractionated heparin (UFH) (with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors [GPI]) were performed propensity-score matching method. The thrombotic endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). The bleeding endpoint was according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 2, 3 or 5 bleeding. Finally, 376 (bivalirudin group) and 878 (UFH group) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were enrolled. After one-year follow-up, there were 130 (10.4%) MACCE and 27 (2.2%) bleeding events occurred. Multivariate COX regression analysis showed no significant difference for MACCE between bivalirudin group and UFH group (P > 0.05). Further analysis showed that there was a reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) between two groups (Hazard ratio [HR] = 0.199, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.047–0.845, P = 0.029), but not in the risk of death, revascularization, stent thrombosis or stroke (all P > 0.05). As for BARC 2, 3 or 5 bleeding, no significant difference was found between two groups (P > 0.05). Although diabetes is considered a high-risk factor for poor prognosis, compared with UFH (with or without GPI), bivalirudin did not increase the risk of MACCE and even decreased the risk of MI in patients with T2D undergoing elective PCI, while the risk of bleeding was similar between two groups. • In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), bivalirudin didn't increase ischemic events. • Bivalirudin even decreased myocardial infarction risk in patients with T2D. • Bivalirudin was comparable to unfractionated heparin in bleeding risk in T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth of monolayer 2D organic crystal has been an interesting topic in recent years owing to their promising properties. However, it is still a tough challenge to obtain the 2D organic crystal with precise thickness control and uniform morphology. Herein, we reported the fabrication of 2D crystals of alkane molecules C 44 H 90 with only monolayer thickness and tunable size through the simple dip-coating process. Benefitted from the low solubility of the C 44 H 90 and the isotropic Van der Waals interaction, quadrilateral-shape monolayer 2D crystals with size from several micrometers to nearly hundreds of micrometers can be achieved in the dip-coating process. Utilized the X-ray diffraction and high resolution atomic force microscopy, we obtained the clear packing mode of these monolayer crystals. In addition, these smooth 2D crystals show promising application in the thin film transistors by acting as a molecular template layer. It leads to an increment of about one magnitude on the charge mobility owing to the decreasing of both morphology defects and interface traps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban horticulture (UH), like other urban land-uses, influences urban dwellers' social lives, wellbeing and explicitly influences their perceptual understanding of nature in urban settings. This paper, based on a comprehensive literature review, highlights the research gap in UH and its relationship to food production and social wellbeing by understanding the use of perception-based studies. The systematic literature reviewed 136 papers concerning social responses towards UH (n = 57) and other urban landscape types (n = 79). The papers included were then categorized into three sub-groups by methods namely papers using textual questionnaires to explore public perceptions of UH, papers exploring public perceptual responses towards visual stimuli presenting future scenarios of UH in cities, and those exploring public perceptions of environmental contexts through mining textual or pictorial contents on social media. The results of this study show that UH studies have yielded scientific achievements and revealed the public preference for food production, food security, and esthetic values. However, they are still dependent on traditional methodologies and lack a wide geographical coverage when it comes to representing a broad spectrum of study sites across the world. Studies using photo-questionnaires and social media research show better geographical distributions and growing trends. The photo questionnaire provides an opportunity to explore the perceptions towards innovative ideas but only reveals perceptions within the scope of the predesigned questions. Social media research provides an opportunity to access data in an automated manner with specific locations and enlarged scalability. These approaches might offer a new dimension to the knowledge domain of UH and could potentially facilitate the scientific understanding of UH's concept and its relationship to social acceptability and food security in the longer run, particularly in the developing world. • Urban horticulture studies still use questionnaires and interviews. • The research gap arose from traditional study methods filled through novel methods. • Studies using photo questionnaires and social media research provide an opportunity to explore the perceptions towards innovative ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accessory proteins (3a, 3b, 6, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9b and ORF14), predicted unknown proteins (PUPs) encoded by the genes, are considered to be unique to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome. These proteins play important roles in various biological processes mediated by interactions with their partners. However, very little is known about the interactions among these accessory proteins. Here, a EYFP (enhanced yellow fluorescent protein) bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay was used to detect the interactions among accessory proteins. 33 out of 81 interactions were identified by BiFC, much more than that identified by the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system. This is the first report describing direct visualization of interactions among accessory proteins of SARS-CoV. These findings attest to the general applicability of the BiFC system for the verification of protein-protein interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Social-media-based improvement index (SMII) was developed for urban renewal. • SMII applies to all attributes of urban renewal in denoting improvement priorities. • SMII is rapid and cost-effectively for decision making. • SMII's capacity was exemplified using park services across scales. Urban renewal to fulfill the updated needs of urban residents is an inevitable product of urbanization at certain stages. And how to effectively prioritize varied attributes to be renewed across scales is a challenging process for urban governance worldwide. This study aimed to fill the existing gaps by merging the prioritization capacity of importance-performance analysis (IPA) and the scalability potential of social media data. The study pioneered establishing a social-media-based improvement index (SMII) for urban renewal. Based on the framework of importance-performance analysis, SMII takes the most overkilled point (the lowest importance but the highest performance) as the origin and calculates the area between other points and the origin. SMII always has the highest value in the quadrant with high importance but low performance. We demonstrate the usage of SMII taking the landscape services of urban park systems as an example. We used SMII to understand the users' evaluation of parks' services across scales and then clarified the priority sequence for future renewal. Among selected parks, we identified three parks that need immediate renewal. Among all the services, we found that recreational activities and social interactions are in highest priority for renewal in Beijing's park systems. The findings suggest that the history and culture services of the Old Summer Place Park need to be improved first for a wide variety of reasons. The findings also reveal multiple temporal changes of varied services. Our study concludes that SMII can clarify problem prioritization and cost-effective guide decision-making for urban park renewal with high scalability both temporally and spatially. Meanwhile, SMII can extend its applications to analyzing various issues in the urban environment on multiple scales for the effective allocation of resources during urban renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In some complex energy conversion process system related to hydrogen, as like as an acetylene production process, fuel cell and a H2/O2 power generation cycle, hydrogen can be considered as a process key component. The influence of hydrogen conversion and utilization on the characteristics of energy conversion is very important. This paper presents a new graphic method for thermodynamic analysis and energy integration used in hydrogen systems. The proposed tool, known as the flowrate-exergy diagram (FED), visually and concisely describe the conversion rates of hydrogen and hydrogenous chemicals associating with the exergy loss, based on the second law analysis and the exergy concept. The principles and a series of revelatory criteria for using the FED are also introduced. Based on the analysis of an acetylene production process and a H2/O2 cycle system, a novel acetylene and power polygeneration system was proposed and the validity of the new method was proved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nanocrystalline Lu2O3:Eu3+ was prepared by co-precipitation method using ammonium hydrogen carbonate and ammonium oxalic acid as precipitants, respectively. The crystal structure and morphology were analyzed by means of XRD and TEM. The resultant powders were sintered into transparent ceramics in vacuum and then in nitrogen without any additive. The surface morphology of the unpolished sintered specimens was characterized using SEM. The effect of different precipitants on microstructure of the nanopowders and transparency of the ceramics are compared. The excitation and emission spectra of Lu2O3:Eu3+ powders and ceramics were measured at room temperature by using synchrotron radiation as the light source. The fluorescence decay times of all specimens were analyzed. Luminescence of the ceramics decays faster than the corresponding nanopowders. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We describe empirical results from a multi-disciplinary project that support modeling complex processes of land-use and land-cover change in exurban parts of Southeastern Michigan. Based on two different conceptual models, one describing the evolution of urban form as a consequence of residential preferences and the other describing land-cover changes in an exurban township as a consequence of residential preferences, local policies, and a diversity of development types, we describe a variety of empirical data collected to support the mechanisms that we encoded in computational agent-based models. We used multiple methods, including social surveys, remote sensing, and statistical analysis of spatial data, to collect data that could be used to validate the structure of our models, calibrate their specific parameters, and evaluate their output. The data were used to investigate this system in the context of several themes from complexity science, including have (a) macro-level patterns; (b) autonomous decision making entities (i.e., agents); (c) heterogeneity among those entities; (d) social and spatial interactions that operate across multiple scales and (e) nonlinear feedback mechanisms. The results point to the importance of collecting data on agents and their interactions when producing agent-based models, the general validity of our conceptual models, and some changes that we needed to make to these models following data analysis. The calibrated models have been and are being used to evaluate landscape dynamics and the effects of various policy interventions on urban land-cover patterns. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a novel polygeneration system that integrates the acetylene process and the use of fuel cells. The system produces acetylene and power by a process of the partial oxidation/combustion (POC) of natural gas process, a water–gas shift reactor, a fuel cell and a waste heat boiler auxiliary system to recover the exhaust heat and gas from the fuel cell. Based on 584.3kg/h of natural gas feedstock, a POC reactor temperature of 1773K, an absorber pressure of 1.013MPa and a degasser pressure of 0.103MPa, the simulation results show that the new system achieved acetylene production of 1.9MW, net electricity production of 1.7MW, power generation efficiency of 26.8% and exergy efficiency of 43.4%, which was 20.2% higher than the traditional acetylene production process. The new system''s exergy analysis and the flow rate of the products were investigated, and the results revealed that the energy conversion and systematic integration mechanism demonstrated the improvement of natural gas energy conversion efficiency. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Lexicon to effectively utilise social media data to assess ecosystem services. • All ecosystem services were perceivable to urban park users but frequencies vary. • Ecosystem services of urban parks bundle in four distinctive types. • Ecosystem service bundles across scale deserve further attention. • Educational programs to be enhanced for urban parks in Beijing. Urban green spaces provide a range of services to urban residents; however, how these distinct spaces provide different services, if any, to human wellbeing has been seldom addressed. Using large volumes of social media data considering broad user groups and publicly available content, we developed a method to transform unstructured online comments into a structured assessment of nine categories of ecosystem services. An 'ecosystem services lexicon' was created based on 6853 words under twenty-eight subcategories of parks' services to human wellbeing using the word2vec model. The application of the ecosystem service lexicon to urban parks in Beijing revealed that all ecosystem services were perceivable to urban park users; however, the perception frequency of the ecosystem services varied across different parks. Additionally, the perceived ecosystem services were bundled together; four types of bundles were identified with varied dominant services. Technically, this study offered a novel technical procedure that can transfer unstructured free comments into a structured assessment of urban parks' perceived services to human wellbeing. Theoretically, the study revealed small-scale ecosystem service bundles from users' opinions and called for a further cross-scale understanding of ecosystem service bundles. Practically, the study findings can help inform evidence-based park policies, planning, and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]