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In this paper, an innovative framework is introduced for assessing the impact of climate change on coastal structures, with a primary emphasis on modeling future climate conditions. The framework encompasses several key components: the development of a new climate emulator to facilitate multivariate extreme value analysis; a hybrid statistical–numerical wave propagation strategy; and the integration of a novel compound modeling approach specific to coastal structure sites. These advancements are designed to effectively manage multiple climate scenarios and models within the context of high uncertainty. The methodology is applied and validated for a coastal structure located on the Mediterranean coast in Spain. Focusing on compound wave and sea-level events, the projections indicate an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme conditions, exacerbating coastal impacts such as wave overtopping. For instance, the present-day 500-year coastal flooding level would be associated with a return period of 50 years by mid-century under a stabilization scenario and would be further reduced to 25 years under a high-emission global warming scenario, resulting in important consequences for structure performance if no adaptation is implemented. • Develops a framework for assessing the impact of climate change on coastal structures. • It develops a new climate emulator to facilitate multivariate extreme value analysis. • It encompasses a hybrid statistical–numerical wave propagation strategy. • It integrates a novel compound modeling approach specific to coastal structures sites. • It has been applied and validated for a coastal structure in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents IH-LANSloc (IH-Long-term Anthropized coastlines Simulation tool for local-scale studies), a numerical model that solves shoreline and nearshore evolution at short and long-term time scales and in a wide variety of sandy coastal settings. IH-LANSloc results from the two-way fully coupling of a data-assimilated shoreline evolution model with a process-based wave propagation model and a rules-based profile translation tool. In contrast to shoreline evolution models, IH-LANSloc is able to reproduce the nearshore evolution in areas with complex bathymetries, considering the effects of human interventions (e.g., groynes, seawalls, breakwaters and nourishments) and natural ecosystems (e.g., coral reefs, seagrasses, and vegetation patches). This nearshore evolution model is less computationally expensive and is applicable to larger time scales than most process-based models and provides more accurate and richer results than present-day physics-based models. Model validation is carried out at an embayed beach in northern Spain showing great agreement with satellite-derived shoreline observations (RMSE<7m). • A physics-based nearshore evolution model for sandy coasts is presented. • It is composed of a multi-model coupling including a spectral wave model. • It can assess the nearshore evolution considering complex bathymetries. • The model accounts for the effects of hard structures and ecosystems. • Model outputs can be directly used for flood modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change (CC) may have substantial impacts on the distribution of current tourist flows by changing patterns of seasonal volumes of tourist demand. Such impacts are of potential importance for the Spanish coastal tourism destinations. In a context where the implementation of adaptation measures becomes relevant to counteract the expected CC-induced travel market share losses, this paper examines the role of preference analysis in the design of CC adaptation policies. Using data from the 2005 Familitur Survey on summer domestic tourist flows, a destination choice model is implemented to: 1) highlight the role of temperature and its relationship with other destination-specific attributes, 2) estimate CC-induced changes in travel market shares, and 3) compute the economic value tourists assign to a set of destination assets as a way to better permit the recovery the expected market share losses by regional tourism authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wine sector is highly vulnerable to climate change, especially due to the dependence of vine growing on climatic and environmental conditions. For this reason, adaptation and mitigation measures are important for the future of the wine industry. However, the process of adopting these measures by companies is not sufficiently known. The objective of this paper is to study the action against climate change by the wine sector in Spain, which has 13% of the world's vineyard area. Data capture was carried out through a survey of wineries. First, a questionnaire was designed and validated. This process included semi-structured and in-depth interviews with several winery owners. Second, the survey was conducted on a simple random sample of 87 Spanish wineries, stratified by region. Third, using a multivariate technique of factor analysis, the research found a set of 11 indicators describing the different types of measures adopted. In addition, a cluster analysis provided four different winery profiles. The first group comprises 37% of the wineries, whose sustainability actions are very focused on viticulture. The second group includes 22% of the wineries, which manage their activities according to widespread sustainability criteria. The third group is composed of 21% of the wineries, whose mitigation measures are only focused on energy. The fourth group includes 21% of the wineries, which are characterized by the absence of measures to achieve sustainability. Finally, the characteristics of the wineries and their responses to specific variables were studied, in relation to their belonging to the groups. The results show that the wineries of all the groups are aware of the existence of climate change and that it can seriously affect them. However, the adoption of measures is very variable from one group to another. Regarding the characteristics of the wineries, large companies and young professionals are positively related to the professional management of sustainability. The certification of organic production is frequent in the wineries, but it is not enough to guide them in their action against climate change. The calculation of the carbon footprint, which is not widespread, is associated with the wineries that systematically manage sustainability. In view of the results, some policies are suggested to favour the action of the vitivinicultural sector against climate change. Image 1 • A survey shows that Spanish wineries are aware of the risks of climate change. • Four profiles of wineries have been found, according to the measures they adopt. • The adoption of measures is limited and very variable from one group to another. • A wine sustainability is needed, covering both mitigation and adaptation. • Information to manage actions against climate change must be provided externally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]