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White pollution caused by the massive discharges of waste expanded polystyrene (WEPS) has become a critical global issue, so the effective conversion of WEPS is of great significance to reduce white pollution. Herein, adopting WEPS as raw material, three high-value-added hyper-crosslinked polymers (WEPS-HCPs) with high surface areas and abundant micro/mesoporous structures were synthesized via Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction using dimethoxymethane, dichloroxylene and 4,4′-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (BCB) as cross-linker, respectively. The WEPS-HCPs were used as sorbent to extract aflatoxins (AFs) and all the HCPs exhibited high adsorption capacity. For the fast separation and recovery of the sorbent, WEPS-BCB was chosen as a model HCP to be magnetically functionalized to obtain a magnetic HCP (mWEPS-BCB) for the first time. Based on magnetic solid phase extraction with the mWEPS-BCB as sorbent, a fast and sensitive method was developed to determine trace level of AFs in grain food. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed method presented wide linear range (0.008–10.0 ng g−1), low detection limit (0.002–0.015 ng g−1) and satisfactory precision (relative standard deviation < 7%). Converting WEPS into a high-value-added sorbent not only provided a facile strategy for effective recycling of WEPS, but also developed a sensitive method for accurate determination of AFs in grain food, achieving significant economic and environmental benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with the normal function of endocrine system, posing serious risk to human health. The monitoring of EDCs in foods is of great importance to ensure food security. Herein, a cyano and ionic dual-functionalized hypercrosslinked porous polymer (CN-iHCP) was designed and prepared for the first time through hyper-crosslink of 1-(4-cyanophenyl)imidazole and 1,4-bis(chloromethyl)benzene. The adsorption mechanism mainly involves electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interaction. A sensitive analytical method for simultaneous detection of the four phenolic EDCs was established by coupled CN-iHCP based solid-phase extraction with high performance liquid chromatography. Under optimal conditions, the target EDCs exhibited good linearity with coefficient r > 0.993 and high enrichment factors of 164–243. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of EDCs were 0.20–0.50 ng mL−1 for milk sample. The extraction recoveries for the spiked milk samples were in the range of 85.5%− 116.0%. This work not only highlights the CN-iHCP as a promising adsorbent to efficiently enrich EDCs and other pollutants, but also provides a new strategy for the functionalization of HCP for wide applications. [Display omitted] • Cyano and ionic dual-functional porous polymer (CN-iHCP) was synthesized. • CN-iHCP gave a large adsorption capacity and fast adsorption kinetics for EDCs. • Adsorption mechanism involved electrostatic force, hydrogen bond and π-π stacking. • A CN-iHCP based HPLC method was developed for sensitive detection of EDCs in milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution caused by bisphenol A (BPA) has become the world problem. Designing and preparing cost-effective and biodegradable sorbents for the effectively adsorptive removal of bisphenol A from wastewater is of immense significance. Herein, a natural polysaccharide (chitin) was used as raw materials to be grafted with styrene (GS), then crosslinked with α,α'-dichloro-p-xylene (DCX) to form the hyper-crosslinked polymer (labeled as CGS@DCX). The CGS@DCX showed high adsorptive affinity for bisphenol A, with adsorption capacity of 441 mg g−1. Various studies gave an insight into the adsorption process, demonstrating that the highly efficient adsorption of BPA by the CGS@DCX is mainly based on the π-π stacking, hydrogen-bond interaction, polar interaction and pore adsorption. Moreover, the CGS@DCX had high chemical stability, good reusability (9 cycles) and fast adsorption kinetics (10 min) for adsorption of BPA. This work provides a promising strategy for the design and synthesis of novel yet eco-friendly sorbents to solve environmental problems. • A bio-sorbent, CGS@DCX, is prepared using natural chitin as raw material. • CGS@DCX displays large adsorption capacity and fast adsorption rate towards BPA. • Multiple interaction forces promote the BPA adsorption on the CGS@DCX bio-sorbent. • The CGS@DCX exhibited good application prospect for removal of other pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, two novel amino-functionalized triazine-based hyper-crosslinked porous polymer (NH 2 -HCPs) (named as DPT-BB, DPT-DX) were designed and synthesized by direct crosslinking of 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine (DPT) with 4,4′-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (BB) or α, α′-dichloro-p-xylene (DX). Thanks to the amino functional group and hyper-crosslinked porous structure, NH 2 -HCPs displayed remarkable adsorption ability for phenolic EDCs. The adsorption mechanism mainly involved hydrogen bond, π-π interaction, hydrophobic interaction and pore filling. Thus DPT-BB was applied as solid phase extraction sorbent to extract phenolic EDCs from water and orange juice samples prior to quantitative analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. Under the optimal conditions, detection limit as low as 0.07–0.2 ng mL−1 for water and 0.1–0.27 ng mL−1 for orange juice was achieved. Good recoveries spanned the range of 83.5%–114% were obtained for spiked samples, with relative standard deviations below 8.9%. The results demonstrated that the developed method displayed excellent practicability for sensitive analysis of EDCs. [Display omitted] • A novel amino-functionalized triazine-based HCP (DPT-BB) was successfully fabricated. • DPT-BB contains amino-functional groups and a highly cross-linked porous structure. • DPT-BB showed significant adsorption capacity to EDCs. • DPT-BB was applied to sensitive determination of EDCs in water and juice samples. • Hydrogen bond and π-π interaction played an important role in the extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Multi-functionalized hypercrosslinked polymer (FBPA-PMDA) was prepared. • FBPA-PMDA showed excellent adsorption capacity to phenylurea herbicides. • FBPA-PMDA was used as solid phase extraction sorbent for phenylurea herbicides. • A sensitive analytical method was developed to determine four phenylurea herbicides. • The adsorption of phenylurea herbicides by FBPA-PMDA was driven by multiple forces. Wide use of phenylurea herbicide has caused serious residue problem and threaten human health. It is important to develop viable method for their sensitive determination. Herein, a multi-functionalized porous polymer was prepared by crosslinking hexafluorobisphenol A with pyromellitic dianhydride. Using the multi-functionalized porous polymer as solid phase extraction sorbent, combined with high performance liquid chromatography, a sensitive method was established for determining phenylurea herbicides in beverages and celtuces. High sensitivity was achieved, with method detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.01–––0.025 ng mL−1 for beverages, 1.70 ng g−1 for celtuce, and quantitation limits of 0.03–––0.10 ng mL−1 for beverages, 5.00 ng g−1 for celtuce. The method recoveries were 80.5–––120.0 % with relative standard deviations lower than 6.1%. Adsorption mechanism mainly involved F-π, F-O, π-π, polar interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions. This study offers a simple protocol to develop multi-functional sorbents for extraction of organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel phosphate-functionalized magnetic POP were synthesized for the first time. • M-DBP-POP showed fast adsorption rate and high adsorption capacity to neonicotinoids. • A M-DBP-POP based MSPE-HPLC method was developed to determine four neonicotinoids. • Hydrogen bond, π-π and hydrophobic interactions were the main adsorption forces. • M-DBP-POP holds great application potential in the adsorption/separation field. There is an urgent need to prepare advanced functional materials for extraction and enrichment of trace organic pollutants from different samples. In this work, two novel phosphate-functionalized porous organic polymers (DBP-POP and DPP-POP) were synthesized for the first time. Compared with phosphate-free counterpart, both phosphate-functionalized POPs showed excellent adsorption performance for the neonicotinoids due to the hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction and hydrophobic interaction. For ease of separating the sorbent from solution, magnetic DBP-POP (M-DBP-POP) was further prepared as sorbent to extract neonicotinoids from environmental water and lemon juice samples prior to their determination by high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. Under optimal conditions, the detection limits (S/ N = 3) of the method were 0.01–0.08 ng mL−1 for water and 0.03–0.10 ng mL−1 for lemon juice. The recoveries were in the range of 80.0% to 113.0% with relative standard deviation less than 10.6%. This work demonstrated the feasibility of phosphate-functionalized POPs for adsorption applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]