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Abstract With the increasing conflict between population growth and limited environmental resources, building intelligent and efficient data transmission networks is crucial to cleaner production in smart and sustainable cities. More and more people are eager to exchange all kinds of information in urban life through an efficient network. Therefore, designing a smart data distribution and transmission mechanism can not only improve people's quality of life but also pave the way for reducing environmental pollution. Optical networks have been widely used in the core network due to high-capacity characteristics. However, in inter-data-center (Inter-DC) optical networks, the coexisted heterogeneous optical devices and multi-granularity network resources bring new challenges to network management and traffic scheduling. Recently, software-defined network (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) have been introduced to enable the unified control for improving network agility and automation. Thus for software-defined multi-granularity Inter-DC optical networks, we propose a list of online service provisioning strategies. Moreover, in terms of the network controller, the novel routing applications are also developed by extended OpenFlow protocol. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate the overall feasibility of proposed solutions in a semi-practical platform. Numerical simulations conducted to quantitatively evaluate the algorithm efficiency also verify the superiorities of improving spectrum efficiency and reducing service blocking probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]