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The introduction of the memory effect into thermal and mechanical models makes them more adaptive than the fractional effect. Actually, in this concept, not only the time delay but also the kernel function can be adjusted arbitrarily to meet the requirements of different dynamic processes. Furthermore, because of the remarkable thermomechanical characteristics of the microstructures, research into the rotating beam material may effectively improve the mechanical behavior of rotating systems. This paper addresses the thermoelastic vibration of spinning microbeams using a heat transfer model with a memory-dependent derivative (MDD). The influence of the centrifugal tensile force owing to rotation is taken into account, and the length-scale effect is addressed using modified couple stress theory (MCST). The equations controlling axially excited spinning microbeams have been established using the Euler–Bernoulli assumptions and Hamilton's approach. Time-dependent variable temperature and laser pulses are responsible for thermoelastic vibrations in the microbeam. The Laplace transform approach is applied to establish a general solution for the analyzed fields. Some graphs are shown to demonstrate the effects of the length-scale, angular velocity of rotation, time-delay factor, and various types of kernel function on all studied fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]