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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a condition resulting from perinatal brain injury and can lead to physical disabilities. Exosomes derived from human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSC-Exos) hold promise as potential therapeutic options. This study aimed to investigate the impact of hAMSC-Exos on neuronal cells and their role in regulating apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. hAMSC-Exos were isolated via ultracentrifugation and characterized via transmission electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and flow cytometry. In vitro, neuronal damage was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CP rat models were established via left common carotid artery ligation. Apoptosis levels in cells and CP rats were assessed using flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR), Western blotting, and TUNEL analysis. The results demonstrated successful isolation of hAMSC-Exos via ultracentrifugation, as the isolated cells were positive for CD9 (79.7%) and CD63 (80.2%). Treatment with hAMSC-Exos significantly mitigated the reduction in cell viability induced by LPS. Flow cytometry revealed that LPS-induced damage promoted apoptosis, but this effect was attenuated by treatment with hAMSC-Exos. Additionally, the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio indicated that excessive apoptosis could be attenuated by treatment with hAMSC-Exos. Furthermore, tail vein injection of hAMSC-Exos improved the neurobehavioral function of CP rats. Histological analysis via HE and TUNEL staining showed that apoptosis-related damage was attenuated following hAMSC-Exo treatment. In conclusion, hAMSC-Exos effectively promote neuronal cell survival by regulating apoptosis, indicating their potential as a promising therapeutic option for CP that merits further investigation. [Display omitted] • hAMSC-Exos enhance neurobehavioral outcomes in cerebral palsy model rats. • hAMSC-Exos counteract LPS-induced damage, preserving neuronal viability in vitro. • Caspase-3 expression, Caspase-9 expression, the Bcl-2/Bax ratio suggest that hAMSC-Exos suppress apoptosis. • hAMSC-Exos have potential clinical value in cerebral palsy treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study aimed at the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells on silicon-doped TiO2 and pure TiO2 films prepared by cathodic arc deposition. The films were examined by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, which showed that silicon was successfully doped into the Si-TiO2 film. Meanwhile, no significant difference was found between the surface morphology of silicon-doped TiO2 and pure TiO2 films. When osteoblastic cells were cultured on silicon-doped TiO2 film, accelerated cell proliferation was observed. Furthermore, cell differentiation was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen (COL I) and osteocalcin (OC) as differentiation markers. It was found that ALP activity, the expression levels of OC gene, COL I gene and protein were up-regulated on silicon-doped TiO2 film at 3 and 5 days of culture. Moreover, no significant difference was found in apoptosis between the cells cultured on silicon-doped TiO2 and pure TiO2 films. Therefore, findings from this study indicate that silicon-doped film favors osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation, and has the potential for surface modification of implants in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]