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The experience of stuttering is wide ranging and includes a variety of perceived and unperceived behaviors and experiences. One of those experiences is anticipation of stuttering. While anticipation of stuttering is commonly discussed in terms of being a prediction of an upcoming event, it has also been equated to an internal realization of stuttering – which is the conceptualization applied here. The aim of this paper is to impress upon the reader that anticipated moments of stuttering (whether at a conscious or subconscious level) must be met with an adaptive reaction or response (which may also occur consciously or subconsciously). While these adaptive reactions and responses may differ based on whether they promote positive or negative communicative behaviors, they still represent adaptations by the speaker. Among the broad category of reactions and responses to anticipation of stuttering are motoric adaptations to speech, which include characteristic stuttering behaviors and other adaptations that may contribute to speech that is perceived by listeners as fluent. An outcome of this conceptualization is, even when adaptations result in listener perceived fluency, the speech of the person who stutters is still controlled by stuttering – meaning that some observable or unobservable adaptation is required. It is critical that speech-language pathologists recognize that the behaviors of people who stutter may reflect reactions and responses to an internal realization of stuttering and observable and unobservable reactions and responses must be considered in both assessments and interventions. • Stuttering is conceptualized as first being internally realized by the speaker. • Internal realization of stuttering occurs both consciously and subconsciously. • Internal realization can be met with adaptive reactions and/or responses. • Speech can be adapted in many ways, including listener perceived fluent speech. • Stuttering can still be present amidst perceivably fluent speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the use of theories and evidence is often stressed in the development of health promotion interventions, this does not guarantee the success of an intervention. Thus, we need to reflect on intervention development processes that use different types of theories and evidence. In this paper, we provide a reflective discussion on how we identified evidence-based behavior change techniques and counseling themes for a health promotion intervention. In addition, we discuss the challenges that we encountered and what we learned during the process: a) a lack of previous research and meta-analyses, b) inconsistencies in evidence, c) integrating evidence and theories that have different starting points, and d) collaborating with researchers who represent different evidence and theories. During the process, we benefitted from having the clear goal of conducting evidence- and theory-based work. We solved the challenges by, for example, utilizing different types of evidence and being reflective about the reasons behind any inconsistencies in the evidence. In retrospect, we would have benefitted from closer collaboration between the teams that worked separately with different evidence. These kinds of reflective descriptions of development processes and the challenges encountered during them may help other researchers and professionals avoid encountering the same challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel preparation method of kapok filter paper with an excellent sheet formation. • A novel energy-efficient kapok filter paper with high DHC for solid-oil mixed aerosol. • Hollow lumen and oleophilic characteristic facilitate the filtration of oily aerosol. • Loading behavior evolution over oil content is subject to deposition behavior. • A particle deposition mechanism is proposed to explain loading behavior evolution. Although typical high efficiency filter media for gas turbine exhibit short lifespan under harsh conditions with excessive oily aerosol, rare literatures are available concerning fundamental reason or introducing filter media for addressing aforementioned conditions. Herein, we developed a novel kapok filter paper with high energy-efficiency and dust holding capacity (DHC) against solid-oil mixed aerosol. Loading behavior of filter media was characterized in terms of both macroscopic loading behavior (pressure drop and DHC evolution over oil content) and micro-scale particle deposition behavior. Owing to hollow lumen and waxy surface of kapok fiber, the novel filter paper was fluffy and oleophilic, which made it outperform typical commercial filter media (F01 and F02) in energy saving and DHC. Under harshest conditions where F01 and F02 manifested low DHC of 8.0 g/m2, 13.3 g/m2 and 29.1 g/m2, 34.7 g/m2 at the oil content of 50%, 75%, respectively, the kapok filter paper owned notably excellent DHC of 160.5 g/m2, 240.8 g/m2, respectively. Moreover, it was revealed that loading behavior evolution (resulted from the increase of oil content) was subject to deposition behavior. Once oil content was above 25%, pressure drop profiles transitioned from that of solid particles loading to that of liquid particles loading. Depositions structure varied from well-defined particles to particles-in-oil with films covered. Due to formation of a porous structure, a critical maximum DHC occurred for mixed aerosol with 25% oil content. Finally, a particle deposition mechanism was proposed, for the first time, to explain the loading behavior evolution over oil content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although neuroimaging advances have deepened our understanding of brain health in individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD), it is less clear how neuroimaging findings relate to neurodevelopmental and mental health outcomes across the lifespan. We systematically synthesized and critically evaluated evidence on associations between neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental, neurocognitive, psychiatric, or behavioral outcomes among individuals with transposition of great arteries or single-ventricle CHD (Protocol CRD42021229617). Six databases were searched and 45 papers from 25 unique studies were identified. Structural brain injury was generally linked to poorer neurodevelopment in infancy. Brain volumes and microstructural and functional brain changes appear linked to neurocognitive outcomes, including deficits in attention, learning, memory, and executive function in children and adolescents. Fetal neuroimaging studies were limited. Four papers investigated psychiatric outcomes; none found associations with neuroimaging. Multicenter, longitudinal studies incorporating functional neuroimaging and mental health outcomes are much-needed to inform early neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies in CHD. [Display omitted] • Advances in neuroimaging have improved understanding of brain health and development in patients with CHD. • Structural, microstructural, and functional neuroimaging findings are linked to neurocognitive outcomes across the lifespan in patients with CHD. • Multicenter, longitudinal studies incorporating mental health metrics are needed to inform neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies in patients with CHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Several environmental contaminants have been found in paper mill effluent including substances with androgenic properties. The presence of androgenic substances in paper mill effluent was also indicated in the present study which demonstrated masculinized anal fins of female mosquitofish from the paper mill effluent contaminated Fenholloway River. In addition, when compared to the nearby Econfina River, which does not receive paper mill effluent, fewer females from the contaminated river were pregnant, they were smaller and their estradiol concentration exhibited greater variation. Males from the Fenholloway River and the Econfina River had similar sperm counts, but the testes were larger and greater variation in testosterone concentration was observed in male fish from the Fenholloway River. In males and females from the Fenholloway River, liver weights were increased and computer-aided behavior analysis demonstrated a reduction in their social behavior when compared to reference fish. We conclude that a number of sexual characteristics were affected in mosquitofish living in the paper mill contaminated Fenholloway River, with possible adverse effects on the reproduction of this population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In many cases, emotional response follows cognitive appraisal to the results of one''s own behavior. Using ERPs, we investigated the cognitive appraisal in evaluating the outcome of the gambling task. Larger feedback error related negativity (ERN) was elicited by lose and even conditions but not affected by the magnitude of bet. Larger P3 was elicited according to both the outcome and the size of the bet. Feedback ERN might reflect process of rapid evaluation of external events along expected/unexpected dimension but not good/bad dimension depending on the magnitude of reward or punishment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• It is rare for women to choose to use the menstrual cup even though they know it. • Social media is an effective resource for providing information about the menstrual cup. • Many women experience difficulties in using a menstrual cup. To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of Turkish women of reproductive age toward menstrual cup. This descriptive study was conducted via online platforms with 301 Turkish women between March-June 2023. The Participant Information Form was used to collect the data. A p value of <0.05 was considered. The mean age of the participants was 26.42 ± 7.81 years. The most common used menstrual hygiene product was sanitary pad. Of the women, 72.1 % have heard of the menstrual cup before, however, only 6.6 % of the women used menstrual cups. The 42.9 % of the women who use the menstrual cup had difficulty in using it. The most common concern of women who did not use menstrual cups was that they thought they were uncomfortable and did not know how to use them. Factors such as age, marital status, place of residence, occupation, previous pregnancy and finding the menstrual hygiene product used comfortable was found statistically significantly correlated with the menstrual cup usage. In our study, very few of the women use menstrual cups, and nearly half of them stated that they had difficulty in using it. The participants who did not use the menstrual cup most frequently did not know how to use the cup and did not use it because they thought the cup was uncomfortable. It is essential to increase the awareness of reproductive age women about the menstrual cups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some errors exist in the above paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Any set of C 2 planar boundary data (two points with associated velocities and acceleration vectors) can be interpolated by a PH curve of degree 9. In the generic case there are four such curves [R.T. Farouki, J. Manjunathaiah, S. Jee, Design of rational cam profiles with Pythagorean Hodograph curves, Mech. Mach. Theory 33 (1998) 669–682]. In this paper we give a detailed description and a qualitative analysis of these solutions. In particular we label the four solutions and compare their fairness from the point of view of possible application. For this purpose we consider the Hermite data taken from an analytical curve and study the behavior of the solutions for decreasing step-size h. This allows us to identify explicitly the solution which—for sufficiently small step-size—matches the shape of the curve with a high precision (the approximation order is 6). Consequently we are able to develop a highly robust, fast and precise algorithm converting analytical curves or curves described in G-code into a C 2 continuous PH spline curve of degree 9. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: Encouraging safe work practices (SWPs) is challenging in agriculture. Group-based social learning has effectively promoted SWPs and health behaviors in other occupations, and could be applied in agriculture (e.g., through farmer discussion groups (DGs)). In Ireland, dairy DG members are more likely to adopt novel technologies and practices, a relationship that might extend to SWPs. The extent of SWP adoption among Irish dairy farmers is unknown. This paper evaluates a 2018 baseline study of SWP implementation, conducted as part of a dairy DG-based intervention study. Method: A paper-based survey of SWP implementation and safety self-perception was distributed to 1,220 farmers from 84 dairy DGs. For eight SWPs, associated with high-risk farm hazards (livestock, slurry, machinery, or tractors), farmers were asked how frequently they implemented these practices in the previous year, and how frequently they intended to do so next year (0: never, 1: rarely, 2: sometimes, 3: most of the time, 4: all of the time). Results: Surveys were completed by 460 farmers. For the previous year, three SWPs, related to slurry, machinery, and tractor hazards, scored a median frequency of four. Four SWPs, related to livestock, slurry, and machinery hazards, scored a median frequency of three. The lowest median score (two) was for tractor exit behavior. Median intention scores matched or exceeded past frequency for all SWPs, while 73% intended to increase implementation of at least one SWP. Most (96%) considered themselves a "safe farmer." Conclusions: Farmers generally perceived themselves to be safe at work, which is reflected in their SWP implementation. Most farmers intended to increase SWP implementation, suggesting awareness of safety shortcomings and a desire to farm more safely. Practical applications: This study can inform farm safety promotion initiatives. The disconnect between farmers' safety self-perception and SWP implementation merits further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lining of canvases and paper artworks is a diffused conservation methodology developed to ensure the safe and long-term preservation of weakened supports. Lining systems are generally constituted by a new supporting material or a package of new materials glued to the original artefact. This paper reports on the study of the mechanical behaviour of four multi-layered paper and canvas composites, proposed as lining systems for a large drawing on paper: the "School of Athens" by Raffaello Sanzio, dated 1508. This masterpiece is the 1:1 preparatory cartoon for the wall-painting in the Vatican rooms. Uniaxial tensile testing has been employed in this study to characterize both the single layer materials and the overall mechanical behaviour of the composites. The mechanical tests have been performed before and after artificial ageing with high humidity regime. The complex testing protocol allowed selecting the best performing composite for the final lining, and to assess a safety threshold in terms of stress value for the framing and display of the restored artwork in the new showcase. The results constitute a quantitative evaluation of the different systems, and therefore they can effectively support the conservators' activity and methodological choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attachment styles influence mental health and relationships through life. Few studies examine the adolescent factors associated with adult attachment styles. This paper examines the association between adolescent emotional and behavioral problems and maternal-adolescent communication with attachment style in early adulthood. Data from 3423 participants in a birth cohort study were examined. At 14-years, participants' mothers completed the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale. Participants completed the Youth Self-Report at 14-years which measures internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) at 21-years. The ASQ comprises five domains of internal working models of interpersonal relationships and attachment style: confidence (security), discomfort with closeness and relationships as secondary (avoidance), need for approval and preoccupation with relationships (anxiety). Associations were examined using general linear models. After adjustments, internalizing symptoms score was associated with all domains of attachment and externalizing symptoms score was associated with four domains of attachment insecurity, but not attachment security. Low openness in maternal-adolescent communication was most strongly associated with decreased confidence and high problem maternal-adolescent communication was associated with viewing relationships as secondary. Adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems and maternal-adolescent communication may benefit from attachment-based interventions to support the development of healthy relationships and attachments in young adulthood. • Adolescent internalizing symptoms predict attachment in early adulthood. • Adolescent externalizing symptoms predict attachment in security in early adulthood. • Maternal-adolescent communication has small association with early adult attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Augmented Reality (AR) is an emerging concept that impacts many disciplines, such as business, marketing, tourism, gaming, human–computer interaction, and manufacturing. Surprisingly, many scholarly and practical discussions overlook the fundamental primary factors that distinguish AR from other concepts, namely, that it involves a computing device that integrates virtual content into a consumer's perception of the real world in a specific context. The current article addresses this gap in the literature by proposing the 4C framework (based on the 4Cs: consumer, content, context, and computing device; pronounced: foresee) that highlights the importance of, and interplay among these four factors. Building on configurational theory, the framework calls for the systematic identification of additional AR-relevant factors across the 4Cs. Scholars can use this framework to systematically identify research gaps and variables of interest. Practitioners across various disciplines can employ the framework to systematically assess, communicate, and develop AR use cases. • The 4C framework highlights four unique characteristics of AR: Consumer, Content, Context, and Computing Device. • Engagement with AR derives from an alignment of the 4 Cs. • The paper advances theory by using the lens of complexity theory to explain how to engage consumers in AR experiences. • The framework offers significant implications for managers and scholars. • It allows systematic approaches to assess, communicate, and develop AR applications across various disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assess the impact the force-plate actometer, invented by Stephen C. Fowler, has had on behavioral neuroscience so far and what may be possible for future progress. The web service Scopus was queried on April 28, 2021 for articles that cited the Journal of Neuroscience Methods paper titled "A force-plate actometer for quantitating rodent behaviors: illustrative data on locomotion, rotation, spatial patterning, stereotypies, and tremor" resulting in 134 articles. Articles were coded by the author for type (e.g., research, review, book chapter), phenomenon (e.g., stress, addiction), intervention (e.g., pharmacological), and measure (e.g., distance traveled, tremor). Of the 134 citations, 116 were research articles, 10 were review articles, 7 were book chapters and one was an advertisement. The force-plate actometer has been used to study a variety of phenomena and its measurement capabilities were expanded. While primarily used for rats and mice, other species have been used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any serious challenge to car-dependency requires a better understanding of barriers to the uptake of alternative transport modes, including public transport. Such barriers will be complex and contextual. They may be major, such as the absence of a time competitive public transport option, or a collection of minor, seemingly peripheral inconsistencies between the needs of the user and the operation of the system. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of one such barrier – the restriction of pets on public transport. Typically, cities in Europe, and many in North America and the UK, permit dogs to ride public transport with their carers. Australian cities, in contrast, are more restrictive, deeming the popular practice of dog ownership in Australian cities a relatively car-dependent affair. Drawing from a survey of 1091 Sydney residents, we examine reactions to a hypothetical change in the city's pets on public transport policy to allow dogs to ride with their carers. Specifically, we examine the level of support for the policy change, explore who supports and who would be against the change, and unpick the potential impact of a policy change on user behaviour. We find a low level of opposition to policy change (23%), with only a small portion of respondents indicating that a policy to allow pets on public transport would discourage their use of public transport (21%). The key determinants of policy support relate to attitudes to dogs rather than transport related characteristics, highlighting the need for transport policy makers to look beyond transport issues when considering policy change. The paper concludes with reflections on the importance of investigating the smaller ways public transport policy might be able to encourage transition away from private car use. • Prohibitions on public transport can prevent the provision of an equitable and useful network. • Pets are prohibited on public transport in some cities, deeming pet ownership a car dependent practice. • Removal of this prohibition requires understanding peoples' attitudes to dogs, as well as transport. • A revised pets on public transport policy should be tailored to the network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Health behaviors shape more than 30% of one's physical and mental health, as well as overall well-being. Yet, changing behavior is difficult. This paper aims first at operationalizing the concept of health behavior by focusing on its main components and determinants. Second, it gives insights into how to influence health behavior by providing an overview of some of the most commonly used approaches to the design of behavioral interventions.Methods: This is a position paper that presents a selection of evidence-based theories, models and approaches to understand and address behavior.Results: A health behavior broadly refers to every individual action affecting health, disease, disability, or mortality. Behavior is shaped by factors within the skin (biological, psychological) and outside the skin (interpersonal, environmental, policy). Behavior change has therefore to be addressed from an ecological perspective. Specifically, behavior change can be influenced by changing capability, opportunity and motivation. Depending on the specific determinants of the behavior at stake, there are numerous approaches that can be taken. The main steps to design interventions are: defining the problem, selecting and analyzing the target audience, setting objectives, designing the intervention, planning and implementing an evaluation.Conclusion: Behaviors should not be targeted in isolation but within a socio-ecological approach that accounts for both their individual and environmental determinants.Practice Implications: This paper provides practitioners with the bases of behavior change. It offers a road-map of the main factors to consider and shows how to address behavior by planning an intervention in all its main steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Exercise maximum flexibility in scheduling to optimize data collection. • Secure a variety of contact methods to support successful communication. • Study eligibility requirements should be well thought out and clearly defined. • Driving exposure should be measured frequently to explain changes in driving behaviors. Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of mortality among teenagers. Teen driving research has a longstanding history; however, much of this work is cross-sectional. The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development funded a study, REACT (R oadway E xperiences and A ttentional C hange in T eens) which combined factorial and longitudinal designs to investigate the independent and joint effects of age and driving experience on driving attention over time among young drivers. Longitudinal methods offer important contributions to teen driving research by enabling characterization of driving trajectories. This paper describes methodological considerations for longitudinal studies of teen drivers. Such considerations are organized into overarching themes, including population, recruitment, enrollment, and retention, throughout this paper. These considerations were compiled as a combination of our own experiences in REACT and previous literature. We elaborate on these considerations below to illustrate the value of each consideration. Issues encountered are discussed and strategies for dealing with various issues are described. Transportation barriers, scheduling difficulties, and skipped study milestones were among the most frequent challenges; we outline these and other issues encountered in REACT and corresponding considerations for such issues in Table 2. Sharing these experiences should aid future longitudinal investigations of young drivers, which are critically needed to reduce teen MVCs. Studies similar to REACT are considerable undertakings due to the comprehensive nature of longitudinal design. Such investigations must maintain a delicate balance between appropriate amounts of rigor and flexibility in the development of thoroughly defined research questions and theoretically driven frameworks. Key considerations that have contributed to the success of REACT are outlined, challenges encountered throughout data collection are documented, and recommendations based on choices made and lessons learned to inform future longitudinal investigations on young drivers are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scaled experimentation continues to play a significant role in process, product design and testing for metallic components and products but for hot forging in particular is recognized to suffer pronounced scale effects with physical behaviour changing with scale. This paper is concerned with an assessment of a new scaling approach called finite similitude that has appeared in the recent literature and a new methodology for exact and inexact experimentation involving scaled experiments. Finite similitude is founded on the scaling of space itself and on a formulation that ensures that the governing physics (in transport form) remain invariant up to proportionality. Unfortunately, proportionality breaks down with scale and to account for this careful experimental design is needed. A question of some importance, which is addressed in this paper, is whether it is possible that physically different materials can exhibit similar mechanical behaviour at certain conditions? These are termed "scaled-material twins" if they are able to match the required material response to some degree of accuracy for those ranges of temperature and strain rates that are representative of forging processes. Presented in the paper is a methodology for selecting scaled-material twins and the quantification of errors involved and its effect on scaled experimentation. Trials with hot disc forgings of different materials and sizes are performed to highlight the difficulties associated with scaling but also to demonstrate that scaled experimentation is possible and if correctly designed offers measurable advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide a framework of alternative underlying explanations and hypotheses related to the value of travel time changes caused by the widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles (AVs). This framework supports a scenario-based approach for infrastructure planning based on various assumptions about the value of AV travel time. The main focus of this paper is on how the value of time may remain unchanged or even increase with the advent of AVs. This is in sharp contrast to existing views about how meaningful positive utility will be associated with traveling in AVs. In future, as field data reveals behavioral changes related to AV adoption, the most appropriate hypothesis within the framework will be validated and refined for future planning and system management. The framework proposed in this paper is supported by justifications from existing and emerging theoretical concepts and hypotheses, as well as a meta-analysis extracted from contemporary but isolated reports in the literature about the possibility that AV use will increase the value of travel time. • Empirical analysis of possible way to explain an increase in VoT of AVs. • Theoretical discussion of ways to explain an increase in VoT of AVs. • Answering the question on why the literature is more dominated by discussions justifying a reduction in VoT of AVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide and suicidal behaviour are global health concerns with complex aetiologies. Given the recent research and policy focus on loneliness, this systematic review aimed to determine the extent to which loneliness predicts suicidal ideation and/or behaviour (SIB) over time.Methods: A keyword search of five major databases (CINHAL, Medline, PsychArticles, PsychInfo and Web of Knowledge) was conducted. Papers for inclusion were limited to those using a prospective longitudinal design, written in English and which measured loneliness at baseline and SIB at a later time-point.Results: After duplicates were removed, 947 original potential papers were identified, with 22 studies meeting the review criteria. Meta-analysis revealed loneliness was a significant predictor of both suicidal ideation and behaviour and there was evidence that depression acted as a mediator. Furthermore, studies which consisted of predominantly female participants were more likely to report a significant relationship, as were studies where participants were aged 16-20 or >55 years at baseline.Limitations: There was considerable variability in measures, samples and methodologies used across the studies. Middle-aged adults were under-represented, as were individuals from minority ethnic backgrounds. All studies were conducted in countries where self-reliance and independence (i.e. individualism) are the cultural norm.Conclusions: Loneliness predicts later SIB in select populations. However, due to the heterogeneity of the studies further research is needed to draw more robust conclusions. Suicide death also needs to be included as an outcome measure. A focus on more collectivist countries is also required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continued failure to put transport on a robust low carbon transition pathway calls for new approaches in policy and research. In studies of transport systems and patterns of mobility, established approaches to data collection, analysis and subsequent policy design have focused on capturing 'typical' conditions rather than identifying the potential for substantive change. This focus on the apparent aggregate stability of the transport regime has reproduced a belief in policy circles that our current travel patterns are largely fixed and therefore very difficult to alter, which in turn has resulted in an over reliance on implausible assumptions about the carbon reductions that can be achieved through technological improvements such as low emission vehicles. This paper argues that there is potentially much greater adaptive capacity in the mobility system than currently allowed for. It illustrates this potential through the investigation of actual adaptations made during a set of specific 'disruptive' events. The paper concludes by suggesting that we can go further in reducing the demand for travel if we broaden the scope of intervention to take a wider view of when and how mobility matters to participation in activities across the population. This could enable an acceleration of existing trends which suggest the potential for less mobility and therefore less carbon intensive lives. • Data collected during episodes of transport 'disruption' offer novel insights on behavioural adaptations. • The learnings from responses to 'disruptions' are important for understanding the potential for policy change. • Transport patterns are not as difficult to change as is commonly understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) and behavior (SB) among people suffering from psychotic disorders is a public health issue. Most suicide attempts (SAs) occur before or during the early phases of first-episode psychosis (FEP). Improving knowledge about the suicide risk in the early stages is essential to develop therapeutic and prevention strategies. We conducted a systematic review to investigate an association between neurocognitive impairments or a history of impulsive behavior and SI or SB among patients with FEP.Method: PRISMA guidelines were followed. Ten databases were searched using MeSH terms or key-words related to FEP, impulsivity or cognitive functioning measures and SI or SB, without restrictions for study design or length of follow-up. Included studies evaluated at least one cognitive function with neuropsychological tests or validated questionnaires, or provided records of impulsive behavior.Results: Twenty one research papers were included from databases, bibliographic references or expert opinions. Among patients with FEP, seven studies showed more pronounced neuropsychological impairments, especially regarding attention, processing speed, executive functioning and theory of mind in patients that had attempted suicide. No association was found between cognitive impairments on neuropsychological tests and SI. Previous non-suicidal impulsive behaviors were associated with SAs and suicide.Conclusion: Our review suggests an association between neurocognitive impairments and SAs among patients with FEP. Records of impulsive behavior are also associated with SB in that population. Further research on the neuropsychology of FEP is necessary to identify how these impairments facilitate SB and evaluate their potential utility as therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• First paper to introduce rheological impact on particle migration in tape casting. • We couple the results of particle migration to drying of tape layers. • Comprehensive modelling of drying process of a ceramic layer. • Influence of varying rheological parameters on the drying process. In this paper we studied the migration of secondary particles in tape casting of a non-Newtonian ceramic slurry through a generalised local viscosity function in order to obtain the particle distribution along tape thickness. The particle distribution was then used to calculate porosity and permeability of the tapes. We, moreover, linked the aforementioned results to a coupled free-flow-porous-media model on the representative elementary volume (REV) scale for simulating room-temperature drying of the tapes with flow of a relatively dry air (relative humidity of 25%). Finally, we investigated the influence of rheological parameters, i.e. the power-law index, η , and the consistency factor, m , of a typical Ostwald–de Waele power-law fluid on the resultant drying behaviour of the tapes. The results showed that the low consistency and low power-law index values reduce the drying rate (slightly) as well as the final drying time, that favours the manufacturing of tapes by reducing the risk of crack initiation/growth in ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the relationship between competition and innovation at the firm level. Recent papers (Aghion et al., 2005; Askenazy et al., 2013; Rafique Hashmi, 2013) advocate a non-linear relationship, conciliating the Schumpeterian and Arrowian views. In this paper, the effect of competition on innovation is studied at the firm level using a large dataset for France coming from the annual surveys on R&D, covering the period 2000–2013, where a dummy variable is available for product or process innovation. The econometric results do not confirm the inverted-U shape relationship between the Lerner index and innovation, found by Aghion et al. (2005). This may be due to the use of firm-level data rather than industry-level data. However, for most firms, there is a negative effect of competition on innovation, meaning that more competition in the industry or a small market share has a negative effect on the propensity to innovate, either in products or processes, and the effect seems to be slightly stronger for product than for process innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The shear thickening efficiency was improved by graphene significantly. • The flow stress of the enhanced STF increases obviously at high strain rates. • The contribution of graphene to the lubrication force improves the flow stress. • An efficient method to reinforce the STF by graphene was demonstrated. The viscosity and shear thickening efficiency of the nanoparticle-based shear thickening fluids (STFs) were influenced by hydrodynamic lubrication force between nanoparticles. To enhance such an influence and improve the performance of STF, graphene was adopted to reinforce SiO 2 nanoparticle-based STF in this paper. The viscosity of the reinforced STF was improved obviously by graphene, which makes an increase of 30% compared to the pure STF. In order to characterize the influence of graphene on the flow stress of STF at high strain rates, a split Hopkinson pressure bar was implemented to test the dynamic compressive mechanical properties at strain rates in the range from 3 × 103 to 104/s. The results showed that graphene has a significant influence on the flow stress of reinforced STF at different strain rates compared to the pure STF, and the effects of the strain rate and graphene volume fraction on the flow stress were analyzed. Based on the hydrodynamic lubrication force theory, the attribution done by grahpene to the hydrodynamic lubrication force in STF was discussed. The results of the paper provide an efficient way to develop a novel STF with high shear thickening efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep is a fairly diverse and complex construct to operationalize in a scientific and naturalistic context. We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of reviews published in the last 5 years on poor sleep and developmental outcomes. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 42 articles (or 1117 studies) qualified. They reported outcomes related to poor sleep investigated as sleep disorders (38.1%), sleep 'in general' (26.2%), sleep duration (23.8%), in terms of circadian rhythm (4.8%), intra-individual variability (2.4%), and napping (2.4%). Sleep was primarily subjectively reported (30.2%), yet the methodology of sleep assessment was often neither tabulated nor discussed. Overall, most papers had a health-scope, being primarily weight problems expressed as body mass index. Its relationship with performance was measured with the Wechsler intelligence tests, the child behavior checklist and the continuous performance test, whereas meta-analytic papers specifically focused on cognition with sleep disorder (i.e. sleep-disordered breathing; 38.6%), on health (i.e. weight) with sleep duration (25%) and behavior with sleep 'in general' (15.9%), having a high true variance. Nevertheless, an aggregated effect size d of 0.35 (95% confidence interval: 0.27-0.42) suggests that poor sleep is moderately affecting a child's performance and health. In conclusion, poor sleep can no longer be disregarded, yet methodologies that are more rigorous and a scope beyond health may foster a better understanding of the role of (poor) sleep across childhood neurodevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The knowledge of vehicle driving mode appears not to play a significant role in pedestrians' road-crossing behaviours. • A futuristic-looking vehicle inspires less confidence in road-crossing situations compared to an ordinary-looking vehicle. • It is easier for people to believe that a novel and futuristic-looking vehicle is an automated vehicle. • If a self-driving car looks like an ordinary car and behaves in a predictable manner, people are not hesitant to trust it. This paper discusses whether the knowledge of the driving mode of an approaching vehicle (manual vs. automated) influences pedestrians' decisions while crossing a street. Additionally, the paper explores how different appearances and driving behaviours of vehicles interact with driving mode in affecting pedestrians' road-crossing behaviours. In a video-based experiment with sixty participants, two vehicles with different appearances (a BMW 3 and a Renault Twizy) were presented as either manually-driven or automated vehicles. Both vehicles displayed either yielding or non-yielding behaviour on a straight road devoid of other traffic. Participants were asked to indicate whether they would cross the street in front of the approaching vehicle, at different distances ranging from 45 m to 1.5 m. The results showed that there was no significant influence of the knowledge of the driving mode (manually-driven vs automated) on pedestrians' willingness to cross the street at any distance. The vehicle's behaviour (whether it is maintaining speed or yielding) played a dominant role in pedestrians' decision to cross a road, and this was similar for both modes and both vehicles, at all distances. However, results suggested that in situations and at distances when the intent of the vehicle was not fully clear by the behaviour of the car alone, there were differences between the two vehicles at certain distances, which could be attributed to the differences in their appearance such as size, aggressiveness and novelty. A futuristic-looking vehicle inspired less confidence in road-crossing situations compared to an ordinary-looking vehicle. Additionally, a novel and futuristic-looking vehicle appeared to make it easier for people to believe that it is an automated vehicle. We conclude by discussing design implications for the development of external HMIs automated vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this paper, we consider a class of fourth-order parabolic equation modeling epitaxial growth. For the evolution problem, we study the exponential decay of the solutions and its corresponding energy functional. For the stationary problem, we find a ground-state solution by Lagrange multiplier method. Moreover, the asymptotical behavior of the general global solution is also considered. The results of this paper extend some results got by Han (2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explore the asymptotic properties of the solutions to the Black–Scholes equation. This paper focuses on the basic properties of options when the volatility σ is sufficiently close to zero. We got an approximate formula for option pricing. This approximate formula is simple and can be applied to financial markets with small volatility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical professionals such as physicians and veterinarians are responsible for appropriate antimicrobial prescription (AMP) and use. Although seemingly straightforward, the factors influencing antibiotic prescription, a category of antimicrobials, are complex. Many studies have been conducted in the past two decades on this subject. As a result, there is a plethora of empirical evidence regarding the factors influencing clinicians' AMP practices. Aim : A systematic review of AMR studies on AMP was conducted, condensing findings according to a combination of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) and Capacity, Opportunity, Motivation—Behavior (COM-B) models. Review findings were then synthesized and analyzed for policy implementation according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Design and methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines to identify peer-reviewed papers indexed in pre-determined medical science, social sciences, and humanities databases that apply the KAP model in their investigations. Antimicrobial prescription factors were compared and contrasted among low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). Findings: The KAP model is a heuristic and structured framework for identifying and classifying respondents' knowledge. However, other than medical knowledge, factors that influence prescription decision-making can be expanded to include attitudes, perception, personal affinities, professional circumstances, relational pressure, and social norms. • There are intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing antibiotic prescription. • Prudent prescription challenge is externalization of AMR problem in LMIC and HMIC. • Each cohort is characterized with local and pre-existing strength and weaknesses. • This review adapts combined KAP and COM-B domains for behavioral change factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Running is a popular form of physical activity yet discontinuation is common. Interventions targeting physical activity adoption have shown modest effects, often with little translation into long-term participation, which may limit the health benefits available to the wider community. This paper details the development of a new online running intervention (Just Run) aimed at improving continuation of running activity in new runners through a motivational and psychological lens, including aspects of design, content, refinement, and usability testing. A six-step intervention mapping process was used to develop a theory-based online intervention using a mix of research designs. Key stakeholders including runners, coaches and relevant experts in physical activity and behavior change provided valuable insight, feedback and refinement of the education to be delivered. The final Just Run intervention included ten modules delivered online over twelve weeks to promote ongoing running participation through videos, testimonials, and activities. Key themes identified through the literature and stakeholder engagement process related to goal setting, self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, social support and overcoming barriers to running participation. Usability testing confirmed the quality and suitability of the education to the target population. Just Run has been developed with a range of stakeholders to address an area of unmet need in the adoption and promotion of running. Just Run is a robust online intervention that has been designed and pre-tested with positive feedback and unique insights from key stakeholders. Further investigation is required to support its implementation to the wider community. • A six-step intervention mapping process informed the design of Just Run. • Key stakeholders contributed to the design of this motivational running intervention. • Goal setting and social support were key topics included in the designed material. • Positive usability testing confirmed the aptness of the education to runners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a new generalization for the notion of fuzzy automata, which we called hesitant L-fuzzy automaton (HLFA). We present the formulations of the mathematics framework for the theory of HLFA. Moreover, we present the concepts of hesitant L-fuzzy behavior and inverse hesitant L-fuzzy behavior recognized by a type of HLFA. After that, for any hesitant L-fuzzy language we present a minimal complete accessible deterministic hesitant L-fuzzy automaton recognizing that. Finally, we present an algorithm, which determines states of the minimal hesitant L-fuzzy automaton and we present the time complexity of the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the cat's popularity as a companion species, many owners and practitioners lack high quality information about important aspects of their behavior and management. Myths, anecdotes, and narratives of cats as 'low maintenance, self-sufficient' animals are pervasive, and the degree to which these may underlie complacency about fully meeting cats' needs is unknown. Several studies suggest that cat welfare and the human-cat bond may benefit from improved education about how to optimize the domestic cat's management and husbandry needs in homes and elsewhere. This paper is the second of a two-part series addressing common myths about cats. The purpose of this paper is to review and debunk common misconceptions about optimal cat care, feeding behavior, genetics, and training. Replacing these misconceptions with scientifically generated information could have a significant impact on the behavioral management of cats, positively influencing their physical health, mental stimulation, and well-being, and reducing stress for both cats and the people caring for them. Areas where further research is required to address ambiguities, and to better meet cats' needs in homes and other environments, are also identified. • Cat owners need support to meet cats' behavioral, environmental and physical needs. • Training is useful for cats' behavioral and cognitive development and for basic care. • Feeding regimens for cats should balance satiety and healthy weight management. • There is a lack of evidence for a relationship between cat coat color and personality. • The most common health conditions appear in cats regardless of purebred status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Introducing a united framework to bridge the gap between network neuroscience and psychopathological networks. • Showcasing three methodological avenues to introduce networks of brain and behavioral data. • Creating a common language that allows to exploit synergies. In recent years, there has been an increase in applications of network science in many different fields. In clinical neuroscience and psychopathology, the developments and applications of network science have occurred mostly simultaneously, but without much collaboration between the two fields. The promise of integrating these network applications lies in a united framework to tackle one of the fundamental questions of our time: how to understand the link between brain and behavior. In the current overview, we bridge this gap by introducing conventions in both fields, highlighting similarities, and creating a common language that enables the exploitation of synergies. We provide research examples in autism research, as it accurately represents research lines in both network neuroscience and psychological networks. We integrate brain and behavior not only semantically, but also practically, by showcasing three methodological avenues that allow to combine networks of brain and behavioral data. As such, the current paper offers a stepping stone to further develop multi-modal networks and to integrate brain and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Space is an extreme environment characterized by isolation and confinement. • Prolonged isolation and confinement can lead to poor mental health and social tension. • Adaptation to ICE environments can also produce several positive psychosocial benefits. • Future exploration missions will require greater crew autonomy and improved screening. • Research in space can assist in adaptation to isolation and confinement on earth. PALINKAS, L.A., and P. SUEDFELD. Psychosocial Issues in Isolated and Confined Extreme Environments. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV (1) XXX-XXX, 2020. Psychosocial elements of behavior and performance will significantly impact the outcomes of long duration missions in space, ranging from individual and team decrements to positive benefits associated with successful adaptation. This paper reviews our current understanding of the individual, interpersonal and organizational issues related to living and working in isolated and confined extreme (ICE) environments. Individual issues include changes in emotions and cognitive performance; seasonal syndromes linked to changes in the physical environment; and positive effects of adapting to ICE environments. Interpersonal issues include processes of crew cohesion, tension and conflict; interpersonal relations and social support; the impact of group diversity and leadership styles on small group dynamics; and crew-mission control interactions. Organizational issues include the influence of organizational culture and mission duration on individual and group performance, crew autonomy, and managerial requirements for long duration missions. Improved screening and selection, leadership, coping and interpersonal skills training, and organizational change are key elements to optimizing adjustment to the environment and preventing decrements during and after long duration missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A consensus model is developed to manage noncooperative behaviors in LSGDM. • The preference information is expressed by linguistic preference orderings (LPOs). • Three kinds of noncooperative behaviors are taken into consideration in LSGDM. • We solve a practical LSGDM problem involving the Internet Venture Capital. • Comparative analysis between the proposed method and existing methods is made. In Internet venture capital (VC), it is very important to fully analyze and evaluate the influential factors. Because this activity usually involves amounts of experts, it makes sense to incorporate it into large-scale group decision-making (LSGDM). In this process, how to deal with the noncooperative behaviors and express the preference information are two important issues that need to be addressed. Given this, this paper is committed to evaluating the influential factors of Internet VC by managing noncooperative behaviors in LSGDM. Firstly, the preference information can be expressed by linguistic preference orderings (LPOs) which can be used to express unbalanced relationship between any two adjacent alternatives. Then, three kinds of noncooperative behaviors are taken into consideration, and we can identify the group who belongs to one of the three noncooperative behaviors, and then develop methods to manage them respectively. Furthermore, a consensus reaching model is established to manage these noncooperative behaviors. Moreover, we apply the proposed model to solve a practical LSGDM problem involving the evaluations of the influential factors in Internet VC. Finally, comparative analyses between the proposed model and some existing methods are made to show the validity and applicability of the proposed consensus reaching model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pultruded glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) profiles have low weight, high strength and corrosion resistance, but their brittle failure raises concerns about their use in seismic regions. Moreover, although their static monotonic response is reasonably well understood, the cyclic and hysteretic behaviour of GFRP frame structures and their beam-to-column connections have not yet been comprehensively investigated. This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations on the cyclic behaviour of a novel tubular GFRP beam-to-column sleeve connection system, comprising internal metallic parts. Four series of the connection system were tested, with varying number and position of the beam connection bolts, namely with: (i) one bolt in the webs (W1); (ii) two bolts in the flanges (F2); (iii) four bolts in the flanges (F4); and (iv) two bolts in the flanges with larger edge distance (F2S). The results show that series W1 presents the worst overall cyclic behaviour. On the other hand, the addition of bolt rows (F4 vs. F2) did not improve the cyclic response of the connection system. Conversely, increasing the edge distance (F2S vs. F2) led to significant improvements of the hysteretic behaviour, namely in the capacity to dissipate energy. Using the Pivot hysteresis model in the numerical study, a design-oriented model comprising frame and link elements was developed to simulate the response of the best performing series (F2S). In spite of its simplicity, the numerical simulation provided good agreement with the experimental results. In a companion paper, the behaviour of full-scale frames comprising F2S connections under monotonic and cyclic quasi-static sway tests was experimentally assessed. Numerical models of these tests were also developed to simulate the cyclic behaviour of the frames, using the parameters of the Pivot hysteresis model calibrated herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on individual decision-making process is fundamentally critical to explore the macroscopic behavioral rules for travel mode choice. In this paper, a behavioral experiment under different contexts was designed by a process-tracing method to obtain data regarding repetitive travel mode choices. Based on the Decision Field Theory, a stochastic, dynamic model was proved to be reliable and used to reproduce and analyze the repeated decision-making process. It is concluded that in a stable context, travelers would gradually establish and use some new decision rules to make a travel mode choice during the repetitive decision-making process. When travelers have developed a travel mode habit, environmental cues become the key factors that trigger travelers to make travel mode choices. Context change and traffic policies can make travelers consider, weigh and compare the relevant information again and interrupt their previous habitual choice behavior, enhancing the use of Park and Ride. Meanwhile, travelers with a faster learning speed and better memory develop a travel mode habit in a stable context and change the existing car use habit in a new context more quickly. These results would help to enrich the existing theoretical study of travel behavior and provide an interesting starting point for the development of practical strategies to promote the use of public transport instead of a private car. Traffic management techniques such as congestion pricing, along with behavior intervention and guidance strategies for different groups can strengthen this effect. • This paper extended the traditional research method for repetitive travel mode choices and designed a behavioral experiment using a process-tracing method. Meanwhile, a computer programming language was used to implement the user interface design of the experimental contents. The psychological decision-making process data in different hypothetical contexts was automatically obtained. • For a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of repetitive travel choice behaviors, a dynamic, computational model was established to reproduce the forming process of mode choice preference or habit in a stable context and the behavioral changes in a changed context. • Compared to previous studies, our research pays more attention to analyze some key psychological factors, aiming to attract more car travelers to use public transport. • The influences of context change and traffic policies on travel mode choice behavior were identified and some policy recommendations were given to promote a switch from car commuting to public transit. • ∙The conclusions can enrich the existing theoretical study of travel behavior and provide an interesting starting point for the development of practical strategies to promote the use of public transport instead of a private car. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • The cracking behavior of cementitious materials can be monitored by EIS. • The semi-circle in Nyquist plot is present in the cracked mortar at high frequency, • R ct in Nyquist plots, Z and θ° in Bode plots sensitively reflect the cracking behavior. • The stability and smoothness (fluctuation) of Bode plot can response the cracking degree. Abstract In this paper, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used as a non-destructive testing method for investigating the cracking behavior of two kinds of cement-based materials with/without fiber, which are engineered cementitious composites (ECC) and plain mortar. The experimental results show that the cracking patterns and deflection-load curves of plain mortar and ECC are different when the external load reaches to the first-cracking load and ultimate load. The EIS results show that the parameter value of R ct and plural modulus value Z in fractured mortar increase several hundred times compared with correspondingly origin plain mortar. Moreover, the semi-circle presents in the fractured mortar at high frequency and the diagonal lines are deviated from less than 45 deg at low frequency, and the phase angle (θ°) in cracked mortar decreases as the frequency decreases in Bode plots. However, the values of R ct and Z in cracked ECC increase dozens of times compared to origin ECC, and the phase angle decreases as the frequency decreases. The variation of R ct in Nyquist plots, and the stability and smoothness of Bode plot sensitively reflect the cracking degree of cementitious system. In this paper, it is proposed that as a non-destructive method, electrochemical impedance measurement can be used to evaluate the cracking behavior of cement-based materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Refrigerated Display Cabinets (RDCs) are used in the retail sector to display chilled and frozen food, and beverages. The manufacture of RDCs is typified by the extensive use of materials and energy, meaning that the development of a Circular Economy in this sector is particularly important. A number of behavioural barriers are preventing the development of the Circular Economy but an appropriate behaviour change intervention could help to overcome them. This paper investigates how effective the use of Persuasive Communication could be in influencing the Behavioural Attitudes, Product Perceptions and Behavioural Intentions towards the purchase of remanufactured RDCs. Participants in this study are engineers and academic experts of retail refrigeration equipment. The study was carried out in three consecutive stages. In the first stage participants completed a questionnaire, which assessed their Behavioural Attitudes, Product Perceptions and Behavioural Intentions. In the second stage participants were exposed to the intervention, which was the Persuasive Communication in the form of an audio-visual presentation. In the third stage participants completed a second questionnaire which assessed the impact of the intervention. The results show that the Persuasive Communication had a positive impact on the participants' Behavioural Attitudes, Product Perceptions and Behavioural Intentions towards the purchase of remanufactured RDCs. This paper demonstrates how effective this type of intervention could be, if developed further to create a target market and generate demand for remanufactured RDCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The study of rate and shearing effects is of major interest in geomechanics and petroleum engineering research. In this paper, a new micromechanical apparatus is presented along with calibration and reliability tests, which is designed in a way that the interface behavior of granular materials can be examined for a broad range of shearing velocities of five-orders of magnitude utilizing a dynamic data-logger and high-resolution sensors. The results showed that the shearing velocity between 0.4 and 1,340 mm/h did not influence the response of dry grain-grain interfaces including engineered and natural grains, but it significantly affected the frictional behavior of composite grain-rubber interfaces. Highlights • A new generation dynamic micromechanical apparatus is presented in the paper. • Friction and tangential stiffness are measured against the rate of sliding. • The experiments are performed in a wide range of velocities of five-orders of magnitude. • For dry grain-grain interfaces, velocity effects appear to be in general negligible. • For composite interfaces of grain-rubber, friction is significantly affected by the velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We investigate the environmental benefits of ridesharing and rebound effects. • We use an integrated transport land-use model calibrated to the Paris region. • By reducing the cost of car and congestion, ridesharing yields rebound effects.... • ...that mitigate by about 2/3 initial decreases in CO 2 emissions, mostly due to modal shift. • Road pricing and reducing road capacity can efficiently reduce the rebound effect. This paper investigates how and to what extent changes in user behavior may mitigate the environmental benefits of urban ridesharing, a phenomenon commonly referred to as "rebound effect". Ridesharing reduces both the individual cost of car travel (through cost splitting) and road travel times (by decreasing congestion). This may trigger a number of behavioral changes among transportation users, including: making less detours to avoid congestion (route choice effect), switching from public transit and active modes to the car (modal shift effect), travelling longer distances (distance effect), and relocating further from the urban center (relocation effect). Taking Paris region as a case study, this research applies an integrated transportation/land-use model to evaluate several ridesharing scenarios and quantify the four rebound effects. The overall rebound effect is found to be substantial, cancelling out from 68 to 77% of CO 2 emission reductions and from 52 to 73% of aggregated social benefits (including congestion, air quality, CO 2 emissions, noise) expected from ridesharing. This is primarily the result of the modal shift effect, supplemented as ridesharing develops by the distance effect. Although the simplified representation of ridesharing in the baseline model calls for caution regarding these estimates, a sensitivity analysis corroborates the main findings and the prevalence of substantial rebound effects. The paper also investigates to what extent three complementary policies - improving public transit, reducing road capacity or increasing the cost of car travel – might limit the overall rebound effect and thereby maximize the benefits of urban ridesharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper presents the influence of natural hydraulic lime (NHL) on the behavior of cement-based materials at fresh and hardened states. Two reference mortars with and without limestone filler (LF) and with water-to-cement ratio of 0.6 were considered. For each reference mixture, cement was replaced by NHL with increasing mass proportions of 12.5%, 25% and 50%, while maintaining a constant paste volume. The freshly mixed pastes and mortars were tested for rheology, hydration process and setting properties. Moreover, plastic and drying shrinkage and compressive strength were also measured. The methodology shows that the substitution of cement by NHL affects the rheological behavior and the compressive strength, but improves the homogeneity of the mixtures. The incorporation of NHL also generated an expansion period resulting in a significant decrease in plastic shrinkage, and mitigated long-term drying shrinkage. The effects of substitution of cement by NHL during fresh and hardened states are presented along with the analysis of underlying mechanisms. The findings of this paper highlight the benefits of using NHL to optimize mortars' mix-design in terms of workability, mechanical properties and delayed behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Low temperatures improve ultimate compressive behaviours of SCS sandwich wall (SCSSW) • Thickness of steel faceplate and strength of concrete increases compressive resistance of SCSSW. • Increasing spacing of connectors weakens compressive behaviours of SCSSW. • Proposed models predict well compressive resistances of SCSSW at low temperatures. • Step-by-step prediction procedures were proposed for ultimate compressive resistance of SCSSW. Recently, gravity base offshore platforms consisting of novel steel-concrete-steel (SCS) sandwich ice-resistant walls with J-hook connectors have been developed for the Arctic oil & gas production. This paper made pioneer studies on compressive behaviours of SCS sandwich composite walls with J-hook connectors (SCSSWJ) at the Arctic low temperatures through a nine-specimen testing program. The low temperatures ranging from 20 to −80 °C, thickness of steel faceplate, spacing of connectors, and concrete strength were selected as key parameters in this experimental study. The test results revealed the failure modes and load versus shortening/strain behaviours of the SCSSWJ at low temperatures. These studied parameters were found to have significant influences on the compressive behaviours of this novel SCSSWJ. Including experimental studies, this paper also developed theoretical models to predict the ultimate compressive resistance of SCSSWJ at the low temperature environment. The validations of predictions against results of nine reported tests confirmed that the theoretical models were capable of provide reasonable but conservative estimations on the compressive resistance of such novel SCSSWJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract At present, Chinese residents have been suffering from the influence of air pollution, especially haze pollution. However, residents' consumption is also one of the main sources of haze pollution. Therefore, residents' green consumption can reduce haze pollution. This paper is to explore the impact of haze pollution on residents' green consumption behavior. Shandong Province is taken as the illustrative case to carry on the empirical analysis. Firstly, the grounded theory is used to develop the residents' green consumption behavior model affected by haze pollution. Secondly, based on the data obtained by investigation, the structural equation model is used to test the theoretical model. Finally, the hierarchical regression model is utilized to study the moderating effect of situational variables on residents' green consumption behavior. The green consumption willingness (GCW) has a significant positive driving effect on green consumption behavior. Furthermore, the haze pollution perception (HPP) plays the most positive role in promoting green consumption willingness, followed by behavioral constrain (BC) and haze mitigation responsibility (HMR). Among all situational variables, the government incentive (IM) has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between green consumption willingness and invested green consumption behavior (IGCB). However, publicity and education activities (PEA) have a reverse moderating effect on the relationship between green consumption willingness and invested green consumption behavior. The difference of the impact of age, income, occupation and household structure on habitual green consumption behavior (HGCB) is significant. However, there are significant differences in the effects of age, income, and educational background on invested green consumption behavior. According to the results received in this paper, more policy recommendations are presented. Highlights • The impact of haze pollution on residents' green consumption behavior is explored. • The grounded theory is used to construct residents' green consumption behavior model. • Haze pollution perception plays positive role in promoting green consumption willingness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper studies bike share adoption decisions as a dynamic change process from early contemplation to consolidated user status. This runs counter to the typical representation of mode adoption decisions as an instantaneous shift from pre to post usage. A two-level nested logit model that draws from the stage-of-change framework posited by the Transtheoretical Model is developed to study the adoption process. Using survey data collected from an online U.S. sample (n = 910), the model illustrates how personal, psychosocial, and community-oriented factors influence the probability of transitioning between different levels of readiness to participate in a bike share scheme. The findings suggest that encouraging forward movement in the contemplation-use ladder requires tailored, stage-specific interventions that are likely be overlooked if instead a one-size-fits-all psychological theory is applied to investigate travel behavior. In particular, the intermediate stages encapsulate more flexible (i.e. less habitual) orientation among respondents. Among the explanatory variables, the pronounced elasticities for active travel identity formation and norm integration are especially significant for crafting policies that influence bike share membership decisions. This paper adds to the nascent literature on the behavioral foundations of shared mobility adoption. The findings are translated to practical interventions, from operations to design and community-initiatives to guide practitioners seeking to promote bike share. The stage-based adoption representation helps to align interventions across the spectrum of user readiness to translate intention into behavior. Highlights • Study of bikeshare adoption using a stage of change framework. • Adapts the Transtheoretical (TTM) model framework to study behavior change adoption from early contemplation to consolidated user status. • Findings are translated to practical interventions to guide practitioners seeking to promote bike share. • Each adoption stage informs policies from operations to design and community-initiatives. • Active travel norms and identity have the strongest effect size for moving towards higher stages of adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The effect of travel mode on travel satisfaction seems partly mediated by attitudes. • Travel satisfaction might affect mode choice and attitudes more than vice versa. • A model reshaping links between mode choice, attitudes and satisfaction is proposed. Numerous studies – mainly since 2010 – have found that the chosen travel mode is related with how satisfied people are with their performed trips. A consensus has been found in that active travel results in the highest levels of satisfaction, while public transport users are usually least satisfied with their trips. However, evidence of why the use of various modes results in different levels of travel satisfaction is currently lacking. In this conceptual paper, I argue that the effect of travel mode on travel satisfaction might be overestimated, and that it is not so much the travel mode itself that affects satisfaction with travel, but whether the chosen travel mode is consistent with attitudes towards that mode. Furthermore, travel satisfaction might affect travel mode choice and travel attitudes more than vice versa. In this paper a new model is proposed reshaping the links between travel satisfaction, travel attitudes and travel mode choice. I underpin the suggested relationships with travel behaviour literature and psychological theories, draw parallels with (transport-related) residential self-selection, and reflect on the difficulties and possibilities of measuring this model. Finally, I focus on the implications of the proposed model on travel behaviour research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]