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Vascular ageing is an important factor in the morbidity and mortality of the elderly. Atherosclerosis is a characteristic disease of vascular ageing, which is closely related to the enhancement of vascular inflammation. Phospholipid oxidation products are important factors in inducing cellular inflammation. Through interactions with vascular cells and immune cells, they regulate intracellular signaling pathways, activate the expression of various cytokines, and affect cell behavior, such as metabolic level, proliferation, apoptosis, etc. Intervention in lipid metabolism and anti-inflammation are the two key pathways of drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis. This review aims to sort out the signaling pathway of oxidized phospholipids-induced inflammatory factors in vascular cells and immune cells and the mechanism leading to changes in cell behavior, and summarize the therapeutic targets in the inflammatory signaling pathway for the development of atherosclerosis drugs. • Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammation driven by lipids in the vessel wall and is one of the common diseases of aging. • Oxidized phospholipids play a dual role in atherosclerosis. • The truncated oxidized phospholipid is an important signaling molecule that triggers inflammation. • Regulation of lipid metabolism and anti-inflammation are two key ideas to find drug targets for atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]