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This paper searches for a deployment method with minimum sensor nodes to achieve agricultural intelligent monitoring. Because of the various features, topographies and complicated weather conditions, the selection of the location for deploying sensor nodes is difficult, especially in hilly areas. This paper puts forward a sensor node deployment algorithm for agricultural intelligent monitoring based on an optimized theory. It first develops a mathematical model for the node location selection. During the solution process, the features of the locations are of primary concern, as a location with more features is easier to choose than other locations. Next, a theoretical analysis and experimental simulation are carried out. Finally, OASNDFA is used in 3000 mu orange orchards in China. The result demonstrates that OASNDFA could perform relevant monitoring tasks with fewer monitoring nodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In China, both the mountainous areas and the number of people who live in mountain areas occupy a significant proportion. When production accidents or natural disasters happen, the residents in mountain areas should be evacuated and the evacuation is of obvious importance to public safety. But it is a pity that there are few studies on safety evacuation in rough terrain. The particularity of the complex terrain in mountain areas, however, makes it difficult to study pedestrian evacuation. In this paper, a three-dimensional surface cellular automata model is proposed to numerically simulate the real time dynamic evacuation of residents. The model takes into account topographic characteristics (the slope gradient) of the environment and the biomechanics characteristics (weight and leg extensor power) of the residents to calculate the walking speed. This paper only focuses on the influence of topography and the physiological parameters are defined as constants according to a statistical report. Velocity varies with the topography. In order to simulate the behavior of a crowd with varying movement velocities, and a numerical algorithm is used to determine the time step of iteration. By doing so, a numerical simulation can be conducted in a 3D surface CA model. Moreover, considering residents evacuation around a gas well in a mountain area as a case, a visualization system for a three-dimensional simulation of pedestrian evacuation is developed. In the simulation process, population behaviors of congestion, queuing and collision avoidance can be observed. The simulation results are explained reasonably. Therefore, the model presented in this paper can realize a 3D dynamic simulation of pedestrian evacuation vividly in complex terrain and predict the evacuation procedure and evacuation time required, which can supply some valuable information for emergency management. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper presents a nonlinear piecewise smooth dynamical system of the trajectory of deviated wells according to engineering background. An optimal control model is established and the necessary conditions for optimality are proved via maximum principle. The optimal control problem is solved by a revised Hooke–Jeeves algorithm. The uniform design technique has been incorporated into the revised Hooke–Jeeves algorithm to handle the multimodal function. Computer simulation is used for this paper, and the numerical example illustrates the validity and efficiency of the algorithm. The procedure demonstrates its advantages in practical applications in Liaohe Oil Field. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Grey theory is one approach that can be used to construct a model with limited samples to provide better forecasting advantage for short-term problems. Generally, the GM (1,1) and Discrete GM (1,1) models are two typical grey forecasting models in grey theory. However, there are two shortcomings in the above grey models respectively, i.e., the homogeneous-exponent simulative deviation in GM (1,1) model, and the unequal conversion between the original and white equations in DGM (1,1) model. In this paper, we firstly propose a novel Generalized GM (1,1) model termed GGM (1,1) model, based on GM (1,1) and DGM (1,1) models, to overcome the above shortcomings. Then, we detailedly study four important properties in this new grey model. Four estimative approaches of stepwise ratio in GGM (1,1) model context is also covered. In the end, we simulate and forecast the fuel production in China during the period 2003–2010 using three GM (1,1) models. The empirical results show that GGM (1,1) model has higher simulative and predictive accuracy than GM (1,1) and DGM (1,1) models. This work contributes significantly to improve grey forecasting theory and proposes a optimized GM (1,1) model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Student dormitories are both living and resting areas for students in their spare time. There are many small rooms in the dormitories. And the students are distributed densely in the dormitories. High occupant density is the main characteristic of student dormitories. Once there is an accident, such as fire or earthquake, the losses will be cruel. Computer evacuation models developed overseas are commonly applied in working out safety management schemes. The average minimum widths of corridor and exit are the two key parameters affecting the evacuation for the dormitory. The effect of varying these two parameters will be studied in this paper by taking a dormitory in our university as an example. Evacuation performance is predicted with the software FDS + Evac. The default values in the software are used and adjusted through a field survey. The effect of varying either of the two parameters is discussed. It is found that the simulated results agree well with the experimental results. From our study it seems that the evacuation time is not in proportion to the evacuation distance. And we also named a phenomenon of “the closer is not the faster”. For the building researched in this article, a corridor width of 3 m is the most appropriate. And the suitable exit width of the dormitory for evacuation is about 2.5 to 3 m. The number of people has great influence on the walking speed of people. The purpose of this study is to optimize the building, and to make the building in favor of personnel evacuation. Then the damage could be minimized. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In subtropical Hong Kong, buildings consume the most of the electricity use. Computer simulation technique is a useful tool for predicting building thermal and energy performance. Simulation computer programs require weather data input to drive the mathematical models within the simulation tools for comparative studies and annual energy estimation. Typical weather year data representing the long-term climatic conditions are often used. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in incorporating daylight in the architectural and building designs to reduce building energy consumption. However, daylight parameters are not always available. In 2003, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) adopted a range of 15 standard skies covering probably the whole spectrum of the usual skies in the world. Once the skies have been identified, the basic solar irradiance and daylight illuminance at various inclined planes can be obtained. This paper presents the work on the development and evaluation of two typical weather datasets, namely Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) and Test Reference Year (TRY). Measured hourly weather data for the 30-year period from 1979 to 2008 were analysed. Building energy simulations were conducted to evaluate the two weather datasets. Daylight parameters were derived using luminous efficacy approach and the sky conditions were categorized based on common climatic variables. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The development of China''s animation should take some excellent artistic forms of our nation into consideration, only those animation works with national characteristics are precious. The designer should comprehend the essence of traditional cultures, combine the traditional artistic elements on modeling and can recreate. This paper creates animation images with Chinese culture characteristics through analyzing the Chu art characteristics and taking them as artistic reference of animation modeling. Its application in the FLASH software and some noticeable problems are considered; and the animation modeling has unique artistic charms and values. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]