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To examine the theoretical substitutions of screen exposure, non-screen sitting time, moderate and vigorous physical activity with depressive and anxiety symptoms in South American adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic with data from 1981 adults from Chile, Argentina, and Brazil. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Participants also reported physical activity, sitting time, screen exposure, sociodemographic, and tobacco use data. Isotemporal substitution models were created using multivariable linear regression methods. Vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, and screen exposure were independently associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. In adjusted isotemporal substitution models, replacing 10 min/day of either screen exposure or non-screen sitting time with any intensity of physical activity was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Improvements in anxiety symptoms were found when reallocating either screen exposure or non-screen sitting time to moderate physical activity. Furthermore, replacing 10 min/day of screen exposure with non-screen sitting time was beneficially associated with anxiety (B = − 0.033; 95 % CI = − 0.059, − 0.006) and depression (B = − 0.026; 95 % CI = − 0.050, − 0.002). Replacement of screen exposure with any intensity of physical activity or non-screen sitting time could improve mental health symptoms. Strategies aiming to reduce depressive and anxiety symptoms highlight physical activity promotion. However, future interventions should explore specific sedentary behaviors as some will relate positively while others negatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim was to test the potential moderating role of occupation type in the association between the domains of physical activity and depressive symptoms. We used data of 51,895 adults (44.8% women, 40.7 ± 13.3 years), currently employed, from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Self-reported physical activity (min/week) was assessed in four domains (i.e., leisure-time, transportation, occupational, and household). Type of occupation was characterized into five categories according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations: 1) Managers/qualified professionals, 2) Technicians/associate professionals, 3) Clerks/service workers, 4) Qualified manual workers, 5) Elementary manual workers. Age, ethnicity, educational level, income, and TV-viewing were used as covariates. Poisson regression was used for the analysis of association and moderation, through the inclusion of interaction terms. In the whole sample, leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower depressive symptoms, while transportation, occupational and household physical activity were associated with higher depressive symptoms. Type of occupation modified the association between leisure-time physical activity and depressive symptoms. That is, compared to managers/qualified professionals, leisure-time physical activity had larger associations with increased depressive symptoms in technicians/associate professionals (considering an increase of 100 min/wk of physical activity: unstandardized coefficient [ B ]:0.073, 95%CI:0.024; 0.121), qualified (B :0.067, 95%CI:0.025; 0.110) and elementary (B :0.065, 95%CI:0.016; 0.115) manual workers than among managers/qualified professionals. Stratified analyzes by occupation suggested that leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower depressive symptoms especially among managers/qualified professionals, while household physical activity and occupational physical activity were consistently associated with higher depressive symptoms across the different occupations. Transportation physical activity was associated with elevated depressive symptoms among clerks/service workers and qualified manual workers. The association between the domains of physical activity and depressive symptoms is dependent on the type of occupation. Future research exploring the association between domain-based physical activity and depression should account for the type of occupation. • Leisure-time physical activity was associated with lower depressive symptoms especially among managers/qualified professionals. • Household and occupational physical activity were consistently associated with higher depressive symptoms across the different occupations. • Transport physical activity was associated with elevated depressive symptoms among clerks/service workers and qualified manual workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our aim was to analyze the association between different social contexts of physical activity (PA) and depressive symptoms. Data from the Brazilian National Health Survey (PNS) (n = 59,722; ≥18 years) were used. The social context of leisure-time PA [classified according to the higher probability of being practiced in group (group PA) or individually (individual PA)] and total PA time were self-reported. Depressive symptoms were evaluated through the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Chronological age, ethnicity, educational status, employment status, tobacco smoking, alcohol ingestion, and soft drink consumption were co-variables. Logistic regression models were applied for association analyses. Among men, individual and group PA were associated with lower depressive symptoms compared with the no PA group among men [Individual: OR:0.59 (95%CI:0.40 to 0.86); Group: OR:0.42 (95%CI:0.29 to 0.59)]. Sensitivity analysis revealed that men involved in group PA were 40% [OR:0.60 (95%CI:0.38 to 0.94)] less likely to present elevated depressive symptoms when compared with individual PA. In females, no differences in depressive symptoms were observed comparing individual PA [OR:0.89 (95%CI:0.71 to 1.11)] and group PA [OR:0.86 (95%CI:0.54 to 1.37)] with the no PA group. Activities that are more likely to be a group PA demonstrated a stronger association with low depressive symptoms among men, but not women. • Both contexts of leisure-time physical activity are associated with reduced depressive symptoms, especially among men. • Among men, activities that are more likely to be practiced in group are strongly associated with lower depressive symptoms. • Interventions should focus on the increase of physical activity especially through group-based physical activity practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our aim was to analyze the associations between multiple lifestyle behaviors and depressive symptoms.Methods: We included 4,725 adults (18-59y), that provided data in routine health evaluations of a hospital in Brazil, followed for a mean period of 3.1 ± 1.6 years. Physical activity, alcohol consumption (measured using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and tobacco smoking were categorized as: (1) absence of the behavior (inactivity i.e. not complying with 150 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA/week, not smoking, no risky drinking, i.e. AUDIT<5) during baseline and follow-up; (2) Absence during baseline and presence during follow-up; (3) Presence during baseline and absence during follow-up; (4) Presence during both time points. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Inventory was adopted to analyze patterns of depressive symptoms over time (as exposure). C-reactive protein [HS-CRP]) was assessed and its role in the association was tested. Incidence indicators of behaviors and depressive symptoms were created and used as outcomes. We used crude and adjusted Poisson regression analysis.Results: Fully adjusted models revealed that persistently physical inactive participants (RR:1.71;95%CI:1.33-2.21), those who became physically inactive (1.68;1.19-2.26), with consistently risky drinking (1.62;1.15-2.30), and who became risky drinkers (1.62;1.15-2.30) had higher risk for incidence of elevated depressive symptoms. Vice versa participants with incidence of depressive symptoms over time presented higher risk for physical inactivity (1.44;1.11-1.87) and risky drinking (1.65;1.16-2.34) incidence. HS-CRP did not influence the associations.Limitations: Self-reported physical activity, binary tobacco smoking, and non-probabilistic sampling.Conclusions: There is a prospective relationship between elevated depressive symptoms and adverse lifestyle behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both physical activity (PA) and TV-viewing are associated with depressive symptoms, but the combined association with depressive symptoms is unclear. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the joint association of PA and TV-viewing with depressive symptoms among a large cohort of adults.Methods: We used data from the Brazilian National Survey, conducted in 2013 with 59,401 adults [≥18 years (34,282 women)]. Information regarding exposures (TV-viewing and leisure PA), outcome (depressive symptoms) and covariates (chronological age, race, educational status, employment status, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption) were self-reported. Body mass index was estimated through the assessment of body mass and stature. Logistic regression models were used.Results: Engaging in >5 hours of TV viewing was associated with elevated depressive symptoms [13.1% (CI95%: 11.6%-14.7%) vs. 7.4% (95%CI:7.0%-7.8%)]. However, this association was nullified when people met guidelines and engaged in >150 min of PA per week. Specifically, among men [Active: OR = 1.16 (95%CI: 0.58-2.32) vs. Inactive: OR = 3.63 (95%CI: 2.43-5.42)] and women [Active: OR=1.30 (95%CI: 0.80-2.11) vs. Inactive: OR = 1.84 (95%CI: 1.43-2.36)].Conclusion: Whilst TV viewing is associated with increased depressive symptoms, meeting recommended physical activity levels reduces the association between TV-viewing and depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Depression is commonly associated to physical multimorbidity and there is an urgent need to identify modifiable risk factors. Physical activity (PA) is good for health, but the association between PA and multimorbidity with depressive symptoms is unclear. Thus, we investigated whether meeting weekly recommended PA guidelines influences the association between multimorbidity and depressive symptoms.Methods: Data were used from a national survey conducted in Brazil in 2013 with 60,202 adults (≥ 18 years). Information regarding depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), PA, and chronic disease was collected via interview-administered questionnaires. Data on covariates (age, educational status, employment status, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and TV-viewing) were also assessed. Adjusted logistic regression models were used.Results: Overall, men and women with one or more chronic conditions who were inactive (engaging in <150 min PA per week) had higher odds of elevated depressive symptoms than active individuals with no chronic condition. However, only in men, physical inactivity interacts with heart disease (OR: 2.59; 95%CI: 1.10 to 6.09), cancer (OR: 21.54; 95%CI: 2.67 to 173.94) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR: 8.26; 95%CI: 2.20 to 31.01) regarding elevated depressive symptoms.Conclusion: Our data suggest that engaging in weekly recommended PA targets may attenuate association of heart disease, cancer and COPD with depressive symptoms among men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]