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• We provide a review of existing operations studies of electric vehicles (EVs). • This review focuses on mathematical modeling-based solutions to EV operations management problems. • The literature is grouped into EV charging infrastructure planning, EV charging operations, and public policy and business models. • New research opportunities for operations management of EVs are suggested. Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely considered to be a solution to the problems of increasing carbon emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. However, the adoption of EVs remains sluggish due to range anxiety, long charging times, and inconvenient and insufficient charging infrastructure. Various problems with EV service operations should be addressed to overcome these challenges. This study reviews the state-of-the-art mathematical modeling-based literature on EV operations management. The literature is classified according to recurring themes, such as EV charging infrastructure planning, EV charging operations, and public policy and business models. In each theme, typical optimization models and algorithms proposed in previous studies are surveyed. The review concludes with a discussion of several possible questions for future research on EV service operations management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A data-driven framework is developed to quantify EV performance degradation. • An iterative learning process is proposed for impact decoupling. • EV big data are used for range and energy consumption assessments. • Multiple data sources are coupled by using spatiotemporal data. Electric vehicle (EV) performance in terms of the available driving range per charge and the energy consumption rate continuously degrades during its service life. Quantitative assessments of EV performance degradation play an important role in EV residual value analysis, battery management, and battery recycling. However, EV performance degradation is highly sensitive to both ambient temperature and battery aging states; coupled factors make its quantification challenging. Here, a novel big data-driven decoupling framework is proposed to investigate the partial relationships between EV performance degradation and each individual variable (e.g., temperature and total driving distances). The core innovation involves the decoupling process that can enable real-world and large-scale degradation assessments. The basic functionality of the decoupling is achieved by an iterative learning framework where different machine learning-based models can communicate with each other. It achieves the advantages of unsupervised training and high performance; the mean absolute error can be controlled less than 0.1 in the model validation of EV ranges. Its effectiveness is verified using different real-world EV datasets. By utilizing the framework, the changes in the range and energy consumption of EVs across 10 urban areas in China are assessed. The results show that the range and energy consumption rate of EVs are more greatly influenced by ambient temperature than by battery aging. Less consideration of variable decoupling may yield misleading results in EV performance analysis. Our proposed framework opens avenues for quantifying EV performance degradation via real-world EV data, which is critical to onboard and cloud-based EV research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing concern over global warming has led to the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry. Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to reduce the greenhouse effect and facilitate more efficient use of energy resources. In this paper, we study several EV route planning problems that take into consideration possible battery charging or swapping operations. Given a road network, the objective is to determine the shortest (travel time) route that a vehicle with a given battery capacity can take to travel between a pair of vertices or to visit a set of vertices with several stops, if necessary, at battery switch stations. We present polynomial time algorithms for the EV shortest travel time path problem and the fixed tour EV touring problem , where the fixed tour problem requires visiting a set of vertices in a given order. Based on the result, we also propose constant factor approximation algorithms for the EV touring problem , which is a generalization of the traveling salesman problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel framework for large-scale EV charging energy predictions is introduced. • The MAPE retains at 2.5–3.8% with a testing/training ratio varying from 0.1 to 1000. • MICs and PCCs are combined for feature analyses of charging energy predictions. • Multiple data sources are coupled by linking the timestamps and location data. Large-scale and high-precision predictions of the charging energy required for electric vehicles (EVs) are essential to ensure the safety of EVs and provide reliable inputs for grid-load calculations. However, the complex and dynamic operating conditions of EVs make it challenging to accurately predict the charging energy under real-world conditions, especially for large-scale EV utilization. In this study, a novel data-driven framework for large-scale charging energy predictions is developed by individually controlling the strongly linear and weakly nonlinear contributions. The proposed framework concurrently addresses the overfitting of nonlinear networks using a low proportion of training data as well as the poorly descriptive ability of linear networks under complex environments. For each charging session, the charging energy predictions appropriately account for important factors such as the variations in the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, ambient temperatures, charging rates, and total driving distances. The results suggest that, compared with existing prediction models (such as the random forest, xgboost, and neural network), the proposed framework persists with evidently higher accuracy and stability over a wide range of the ratio between the number of EVs used for testing and training; its mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is maintained at 2.5–3.8% when the ratio ranges from 0.1 to 1000. The proposed models can be further utilized for cloud-based battery diagnoses and large-scale forecasting of the energy demands of EVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]