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To determine if the United States reference values of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, version III motor scale are suitable for Surinamese infants, we assessed 151 healthy infants at 3, 12, 24 and 36 months of age. The mean fine motor, gross motor, and composite scores of the total group did not significantly differ from the US norms, although some significant but not clinically relevant differences were found (lower fine motor scores at 12 months, lower gross motor and total composite scores at 24 months, and higher scores for gross motor and composite scores at 3 months). • Per age group five out of twelve scores differed significantly. • Found differences were small, ≤ 1 SD and considered as not clinically relevant. • Fewer Surinamese infants were classified as delayed, which clinically is relevant. • The US reference values can be used at 3, 12, 24 and 36 months in Suriname. • The US values might underestimate, and at 3 months overestimate motor performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the utility of the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener (BINS), standardized in the US, for South American infants, 3–24 months of age. Methods: Thirty-five physicians administered the BINS to 2471 South American infants recruited during routine well-child visits, 578 (23%) from Brazil and 1893 (77%) from six other South American countries. The BINS was translated into Spanish and Portuguese and participating physicians were trained to administer the BINS. Physician inter-rater agreement with training tapes was 84.4%; test–retest reliability for age item sets ranged from 0.80 to 0.93 (Pearson''s r). Infants were classified into being at low, moderate, or high risk for developmental delay or neurological impairment based on their total BINS score. The sample was stratified by infant''s age, sex and language (Spanish and Portuguese). The BINS scores were compared to the scores of the US infant sample used to standardize the BINS. Results: Female infants performed higher than male at 16–20 months and 21–24 months; male infant scores were more variable at 5–6 months. Scores on only two items were significantly different between Spanish and Portuguese speaking participants. South American scores were typically significantly higher than the US sample, and a lower proportion of infants were classified as being at high risk in the South American sample than in the US standardization sample. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study indicate that the BINS is feasible and appropriate for neurodevelopmental screening in South America. Further studies are needed to confirm the BINS utility in South America, including its use with a clinical sample. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

There are a myriad of potentially harmful developmental outcomes associated with infant digital media use. Studies revealing risk associated with early media use have informed the current American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations that discourage most digital media use among children under 18 months of age. Recent research advances, however, suggest potential benefits of technology engagement in this age group. Additionally, surveys of parents reveal that most infants engage with digital media for at least 30 min a day, exceeding the AAP recommendations. In response to these discoveries and cultural trends, some scholars have made compelling cases to adapt the AAP guidelines for infants. A helpful model for developing infant digital media use guidelines for families may be the harm reduction approach. The intent of this review is to suggest adaptations to the AAP guidelines for infant media engagement using a harm reduction framework. This review describes the challenge of restrictive guidelines, briefly summarizes the harm reduction approach, provides a review of risks and benefits associated with infant media use in each developmental domain (physical, cognitive, and socioemotional), summarizes correlates of infant screen media use, and examines intervention strategies for reducing screen time. The paper concludes with examples of possible adaptations to current AAP infant media use recommendations using harm reduction and bioecological frameworks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]