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At present, the air quality of most cities in Henan Province is seriously polluted. This will do great harm to people's health and the sustainable development of society. In order to solve this situation and improve the air quality of Henan Province, it is necessary to make effective forecast for the future air quality. After comprehensive consideration of various prediction models, combined with the characteristics of air quality, this paper selects the grey model as the research tool. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the model, a compound accumulative grey model is proposed in this paper. It has been proved that the accuracy of this model is higher than that of other models. The study found that the concentration of SO 2 and NO 2 in 18 cities in Henan province will continue to decline, reaching the first-level standard. PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations in all cities still exceeded the standard, with some cities exceeding the standard seriously. In the future, the focus of air control in Henan Province should be on PM 2.5 and PM 10. The forecast results can provide reference for related departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A Water-economy-ecology concept framework is established. • An evaluation index system of 3 aspects including 15 indicators is constructed. • EFAST-Cloud model is innovatively proposed and applied in regional WRCC evaluation. • The WRCC of Henan Province is evaluated at the watershed scale and municipal scale. Water is the basic need for human survival and the development of economy and ecology. Water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) modelling is a fundamental task to explore the interaction mechanism between economy-ecology development and water resources carrying system. To reasonably quantify the regional WRCC, an evaluation method based on Water-economy-ecology (WEE) concept framework and EFAST-Cloud model is proposed in this study, and Henan Province of China is selected as a typical study area. It can both identify the inter-feeding relationships between sub-systems and evaluate the proportion of each grade in detail by reflecting the randomness and fuzziness of the evaluation. A total of 15 indicators including water system, economy system, and ecology system are constructed. The study analyzes the sensitivity of indicators by using Simlab software and then calculates the weight of indicators by using EFAST method. Compared with other traditional methods, EFAST algorithm is a special method for model sensitivity analysis, which can fully consider the coupling effect between indicators. According to the statistical data of 2010, 2015, and 2020, the WRCC at the watershed scale and municipal scale in Henan Province are evaluated through the EFAST-Cloud model. At the watershed scale, the ecology system criterion layer performs best over the multiple years, the Huaihe and Yangtze River basin have better WRCC at the target layer. At the municipal scale, Xuchang, Luohe, and Zhumadian have better WRCC, Puyang, Zhoukou, and Jiaozuo are slightly worse. The results show that WRCC of the study area has shown an overall improvement, but there is still much space for its development. Therefore, targeted recommendations are made for the water, economy, and ecology system respectively. The conclusion of this paper can provide a reference for the government in making water resources management policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seed-bearing structure Umaltolepis is considered to be produced by the same plants of Pseudotorellia leaves based on their close association in the same fossil bearing horizon and similarities in their cuticles, especially in stomatal structures. In this paper we describe new material of Umaltolepis and Pseudotorellia from the Middle Jurassic Yima Formation in Yima, Henan Province, Central China. Umaltolepis yimaensis sp. nov. is an umbrella-like, ovate to elliptical, four-lobed cupule. The cupule lobes are resinous with thick outer cuticle, and scattered, more or less longitudinally oriented stomata. Leaves of Pseudotorellia yimaensis sp. nov. are narrowly oblanceolate, with two veins entering leaf base and dichotomizing once or twice to produce 4–6 parallel veins that converge and join together near leaf apex. The leaves have fusiform resin bodies between neighboring veins, and thick cuticles with scattered, longitudinally oriented stomata on the abaxial side. The stomata of U. yimaensis and P. yimaensis are very similar, both consisting of sunken guard cells surrounding by specialized lateral subsidiary cells and unspecialized polar cells, and both have two bow-shaped cuticular ridges flanking the stomatal pit and a butter-fly like flange between guard and subsidiary cells. The co-occurrence of U. yimaensis and P. yimaensis in the Yima Formation and their similarities in cuticular structures and in the presence of resin bodies further confirm that Umaltolepis and Pseudotorellia are produced by the same group of plants. These fossils also provide new evidence for a high diversity of ginkgophyte reproductive organs in the Middle Jurassic of Central China. • Umaltolepis and Pseudotorellia described from Middle Jurassic of Central China. • New material confirms a close association of Umaltolepis and Pseudotorellia. • Fossils indicate a heyday of ginkgophytes in Middle Jurassic of Central China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]