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The depletion of conventional fuel reserves and the high carbon emissions have alarmed the energy sector drivers. The integration of renewable energy resources (RERs) towards power system transformation is an obvious approach for a new-zero future. However, this integration also brings challenges in terms of voltage stability and power losses due to the variable output of RERs. To address these challenges, this work proposes a novel approach utilizing photovoltaic (PV) inverters and static var compensators (SVCs) for reactive power control in power distribution networks (PDNs). It enhances voltage stability and minimizes power losses. The proposed study deploys a proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm for real-time communication and control between reactive power devices. Performance evaluation was made on an IEEE-33 Bus system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in integrating RER-based distributed generators (DGs). The proposed system achieved 68 % voltage control, keeping the voltage within a certain range of ±5 % while minimizing power losses. The proposed system also reduced the voltage out-of-control ratio to 0.044, which indicates minimum voltage deviation from the standard value. The proposed study provides a promising solution for controlling the voltage of DGs integrated PDN, which can potentially enhance the efficiency and reliability of the power system. • This paper introduces PV inverters and SVC-based reactive power voltage regulation for renewable DG-integrated systems. • Reactive power control in the DG-integrated system is adopted using Reinforcement Learning-Driven PPO. • The validation of the proposed method uses the IEEE-33 bus system to integrate RERs-based DGs and achieve PPO-based control. • The proposed method achieved 68% voltage control, reduced power loss, and reduced the voltage out-of-control ratio to 0.044. • This research compares the suggested approach to different methodologies to demonstrate its validity and applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The main contributions of this work are summarized as follows. • Considering different load types, their outage costs, and their daily load profiles to find the best UFLS scenario with lowest interruption cost. • Performing the PLSA after UFLS by means of reactive power control apparatus. • Checking the adaptive UFLS/PLSA scenarios by transient stability analysis. • Finding the optimal UFLS/PLSA scenarios all day long. • Damping the background voltage and frequency fluctuations. The conventional under frequency load shedding (UFLS) strategies disconnect the preset amount of the load from the power grid in specific steps. These approaches ignore the daily load variations and the total outage costs, leading to a non-optimal solution. This paper proposes an adaptive UFLS scheme that considers the daily profiles of the different load types to minimize the total outage cost. To obtain the exact amount of the load to be shed, the dynamic performance of the load clusters is modeled. Furthermore, a series of post load-shedding corrective actions (PLSA) are implemented after the UFLS to satisfy the voltage constraints, using the installed reactive power control apparatus and static VAR compensators (SVCs). Two static (frequency-domain) and transient (time-domain) indexes are defined to evaluate the feasibility of possible UFLS/PLSA scenarios. The promising solutions are ranked and the most favorable ones are embedded in a number of look-up tables. The proposed UFLS/PLSA approach is applied to the main grid as well as the potential islands. The performance of the proposed adaptive UFLS/PLSA approach is tested on the IEEE 39-bus system via numerous scenarios, and the results show feasibility, fast and optimal performance of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]