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Indonesia's internationally- and domestically-significant pulp and paper industries source their feedstock from tree plantations. A suite of regulatory (Indonesian Sustainable Production Forest Management Certification and Timber Legality Verification) and market instruments (forest certification) have been introduced to promote sustainability and legality of production from tree plantations, and some producers have also adopted other voluntary sustainability measures. This study investigates sustainability and legality compliance by actors in an Indonesian pulp and paper value chain as a case study of environmental innovation. Results are based on primary fieldwork along segments of the value chain, and analysis of audit reports and other publicly-available information. The value chain sources fibrewood from tree plantation concessions and pallet wood from a variety of suppliers. Audit reports suggest high levels of compliance with sustainability and legality requirements, but our research suggests that these reports might not reflect some area of poor performance and non-compliance. We identify weaknesses in the design of regulatory systems, and in auditing and monitoring processes, as the principal reasons for these deficiencies. Drawing on relevant theory and on practice elsewhere, we suggest that compliance and sustainability can be improved by addressing key areas of regulatory silence, by shifting auditing to be more performance-than paper-based, by strengthening independent monitoring from civil society, by increasing the frequency of witness auditing from the National Accreditation Board, and by fostering synergies between regulatory instruments and voluntary forest certification. These changes would improve the effectiveness of regulatory and voluntary instruments to promote cleaner production in Indonesian pulp and paper value chains. Image 1 • Indonesian pulp and paper value chains are globally significant. • These value chains must comply with national sustainability certification and legality verification systems. • Audit reports suggesting high levels of compliance do not appear to reflect areas of poor performance and non-compliance. • Weaknesses in regulatory design, auditing and monitoring are the main reasons for poor performance and non-compliance. • Changes in regulatory design and implementation would promote cleaner production in Indonesian pulp and paper value chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 severely impacted small industries in Indonesia and many collapsed. Sustainable education is essential to help small industries recover post-pandemic through an open innovation design program to improve small industries' economic, social, and environmental performance. This paper examined the impacts of the sustainable education program implemented and explored open innovations suitable for the sustainability of small industries in developing countries, such as Indonesia, after the pandemic. This research employed a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach involving academics, government, the community, and four small industries in West Java, Indonesia. Our findings reveal that the sustainable education program through learning activities and direct practice provides valuable knowledge and experience for small industries in designing economic, social, and environmental innovations. Open innovations post-pandemic suitable for small industries in Indonesia include simple business digitalization for company economic growth, the recruitment of people losing their jobs due to the pandemic to achieve social benefits, and innovations in using environmentally friendly packaging and charcoal briquette fuel as an environmental awareness effort. This study recommends that the open innovation designed for small industries be right on target and done using a participatory method to achieve sustainability after the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voluntary standards and certification schemes aim to play an important role in the creation of a more sustainable production of agricultural commodities in the South. In this paper, we contend that most studies on the sustainability of these certifications take the objectives of voluntary standard-setting and certifying arrangements as the reference point, thereby implicitly accepting a problem definition that is not necessarily aligned with the needs, interests and preferences of the smallholder producers in a developing context. Based on the results of a four years research project on coffee and palm oil smallholders and certifications in Indonesia, this paper questions the transformative capacity of the standards and certifications regarding a more sustainable agricultural production. This capacity is located at the interface of the global demands, which are channeled down from the top of the value chain, and the local context where local producers take their decisions. Based on the empirical research it is argued that voluntary standards and certifications pave the way for a more sustainable agricultural production, but are not necessarily the right way forward to a more systemic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvest strategies, also referred to as management procedures, are foundational to evidence-based fisheries decision making. Together with closed-loop simulation testing, termed Management Strategy Evaluation, of potential harvest strategies, they are considered to be best practice. However, the use of these approaches is still mostly limited to a small minority of high-value, data-rich stocks in developed economies. The Indonesian tropical tuna fisheries provide a rare real-world experience where formal empirical harvest strategies were being developed for data-limited fisheries within a developing economy as an operational management tool. The Harvest Strategy Framework is a departure from a previously open-access fishery for tropical tuna in Indonesian archipelagic waters. It outlines the necessary actions to operationalize the harvest strategy, including fisheries monitoring, harvest control rules, associated management measures to meet the management objectives, and immediate actions to reduce the levels of catch as a precautionary measure until the harvest strategy is fully implemented. It was developed over a 9-year national consultative process, commencing in 2014 and culminating in the official adoption of the framework in June 2023. This paper outlines key processes and challenges encountered in stakeholder engagement and technical capacity development within the intricate governance context of Indonesia. We argue that the engagement processes have cemented a future direction towards sustainable and best practice fisheries management in Indonesia and the effective co-production process has potential to show the way for other fisheries in coastal developing states who face similar challenges in managing their national and internationally shared stocks. • Rare example of formal harvest strategies in a developing economy. • Complex multi-species, multi-gear, multi-scale fisheries. • Changes in key personnel, institutional structure caused major disruptions. • Knowledge co-production processes led to institutional capacity development. • Lack of secure funding for resource monitoring remains as key challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased energy use and attendant green house emissions are associated with increased urbanization. At the same time, climate change poses challenges for the built environment where there are tensions between rapid city building and low carbon growth. This paper develops and tests a method for the institutional development of built environment professions in emerging economies that are dealing with a range of issues, including rapid urbanization, and rapid building and construction. The built environment professions comprise a range of disciplines including architecture. Using the architecture profession as a case study, a ‘deep-dive’ is taken to understanding the role of architects as a central player in the move towards low carbon futures in Indonesia. The architecture profession and practitioners are analysed from the perspectives of curriculum development and governance in universities, private industry, peak industry bodies and other bodies driving low carbon growth such as green building councils. While the paper focuses on one discipline comprising the built environment profession, in reality, all disciplines comprising the built environment professions need to be considered to understand how they interact within the profession and between each other so as to maximize outcomes for low carbon approaches. An institutional approach is helpful in guiding the built professions in other transitioning economies. Generally, transitions to low carbon futures in academia have taken the approach of curriculum development in the various disciplines. While this approach is laudable, it is not enough. It is clear that curriculum development alone is insufficient to bring about broad scale and lasting changes to low carbon futures. Educational changes in universities represent only one institutional approach. In reality however, educational institutions need to work in tandem with several other institutional agencies to drive, complement and support changes for low carbon futures; including government, industry practitioners and peak industry bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We investigate the use of jurisdictional approaches to promoting sustainable palm oil production. • We theorise the intervention pathways through which jurisdictional approaches promote sustainability. • We analyse the effects of implementation contexts for how jurisdictional interventions are combined and sequenced. • We propose contextually adaptive strategies to improve the impact and resilience of jurisdictional approaches. Voluntary systems of sustainable commodity governance have come under intensified criticism for failing to catalyse transformative change beyond directly regulated supply chains. In response, there has been a surge of efforts to 'scale-up' sustainability impacts through governance interventions at landscape and jurisdictional scales. While these ambitious, scaled-up approaches are attracting significant interest, such approaches demand substantial changes to established repertoires of policy interventions and associated understandings of the pathways through which these contribute to sustainability outcomes. Drawing theoretical insights from scholarship on multi-stakeholder sustainability governance together with findings from a qualitative study of jurisdictional governance experiments in the Indonesian palm oil sector, this paper explores how emerging jurisdictional initiatives are promoting change pathways towards more sustainable commodity production, and how the political, environmental governance and economic contexts in which these interventions are implemented influence these pathways. Analysis shows that by integrating a distinctive mix of market and policy-driven interventions, jurisdictional approaches are contributing to three core pathways of change, centred respectively on network and coalition-building, collaborative governance, and resource mobilisation. However, which of these pathways are most influential, how interventions are sequenced and operationalised, and how the pathways interact in shaping change is highly sensitive to varied subnational implementation contexts, with important implications for the impact and resilience of jurisdictional programs. These findings highlight the need for jurisdictional policy interventions to respond flexibly to contextually-variable configurations of actor interests, coalitions and power relations within contested multi-scalar processes of sustainable commodity governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Rapid urbanization and growing economic prosperity has brought about a higher rate of motorization in Jabodetabek, the largest metropolitan area in Indonesia. Jabodetabek is a strategic metropolitan area, consists of DKI Jakarta and the neighboring Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (abbreviated as Bodetabek) cities, with more than 27 million population and Gross Regional Product in 2010 is around 22% of National Gross Product. Approximately 1,105,000 people are entering Jakarta every workday from the neighboring Bodetabek region. Degrading condition of urban mobility in Jabodetabek metropolitan area is an important policy issue. This paper discusses the potential of applicability of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in Jabodetabek. TOD is a concept of managing urban growth in transit corridor which has characteristics of mixed land use, compact, walking-distance, and development focused around public transit area. This paper proposed ecological footprint, carbon emission, and green open space carrying capacity as sustainable urban development indicators. The simulation result reveals that the introduction of transit oriented development concept is of importance not only for restructuring urban land use growth effectively or regaining the modal share of public transport, but also improving the urban environment quality. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Disasters create enormous pressure to provide survivors with permanent housing and normally lead to large-scale reconstruction programmes. In this respect, the concept of sustainable reconstruction has surfaced in the international arena as a successful strategy to deal with disasters, since it addresses the issue of sustainability during the recovery process. This paper focuses on Nias, an Indonesian island hit by the December 2004 tsunami and the March 2005 earthquake, and shows why and to what extent governance is key to achieving sustainable reconstruction. In analyzing these issues, the article uses evidence from field research and relies on primary data collected through questionnaires, semi-structured elite interviews and in-depth interviews. Finally, the paper draws conclusions regarding some major governance gaps that might have prevented the reconstruction process in Nias from being sustainable. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Marine conservation in Indonesia is complicated by the 1,000s of islands and nearly as many languages and cultures that stretch across this 3200 mile (5100 km) country. Secure marine tenure has improved the prospects for sustainable fishing and livelihoods in many places around the world, and there are some traditional, historical examples of tenure in Indonesia. Where tenure institutions exist, however, they have typically been undermined by colonial and post-colonial policies, and in the vast majority of places, marine tenure and other rights (hak) to marine resources have either been extinguished or never existed. The issue is fraught: tenure rights may provide communities with the security to invest in and manage their fishery resources for long-term sustainability, but there is also a history in Indonesia of disenfranchisement in the name of conservation. This paper considers pathways to revitalizing marine tenure rights in Indonesia, documenting the evolution and current status of marine tenure rights in Indonesia, existing legal and policy frameworks that support marine tenure rights, and challenges to marine tenure rights. The paper concludes with recommendations for strengthening and expanding marine tenure rights in Indonesia and prospects for the development of a national policy on marine tenure rights. • History of Marine tenure rights in Indonesia. • Legal and regulatory environment for marine tenure rights. • Pathways for Revitalizing marine tenure in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Government of Indonesia, through the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, considers an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) to be the preferred option and best practice for the long-term sustainability of fisheries and the ecosystem services provided to society. Recognizing that an appropriate legal, policy and institutional framework must be in place for an EAFM, this paper presents a review of current Indonesian laws and policies for an EAFM; an assessment to identify gaps, challenges and opportunities for an EAFM; and recommendations for EAFM implementation. A strong co-management structure of the fishery management area (FMA) governance is at the heart of EAFM implementation. It is also critical to mention the governance or institution structure of Fishery Management Council of FMA in Indonesian waters in the new proposed fishery law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid growth of Indonesia's marine protected area (MPAs) estate in Indonesia, reaching 23.9 million hectares by January 2020, attention needs to be focused on strengthening the effectiveness of MPA management. Consolidating and expanding protection of Indonesia's marine resources is critical with increasing pressure from a fast-expanding population, illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, pollution, coastal development, unsustainable tourism and climate change. Biodiversity conservation must therefore concurrently consider multiple economic sectors such as fisheries and tourism, and their synergies with MPA management. This paper aims to outline the current landscape of fisheries and marine tourism pertaining to area-based conservation in Indonesia, to inform and support improved integration into effective MPA management. Four areas to focus efforts were identified: diversification of governance types of community-based management, improved coordination between fisheries and MPAs during planning and management implementation, the development and support of pathways for sustainable tourism, and planning for future conditions. Sustainable development for fisheries and tourism must be incorporated into all aspects of MPA management, whilst recognising that current management systems are insufficient to ensure long-term sustainability for natural resources and local communities, and strategies need to increase resilience of social-ecological systems in anticipation of future conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Creating more sustainable forms of marine governance is a matter of path creation, and as such is constrained by the historical evolution of institutions. Yet knowledge of the path dependence of contemporary marine governance institutions is rare. This paper presents an analysis of the evolution of coastal and marine governance in Indonesia and explains how it has hindered change towards more sustainable marine governance. Using historical institutionalism as the analytical lens, through analysis of archival materials, policies and regulations, and media articles, we describe the history of coastal and marine governance over the past 300 years. This analysis shows that the institutions that govern marine areas in Indonesia have been shaped by and appropriated to support extractive land-based economic activities. Strongly imbued by colonial ideologies, the sea has been seen as and acted on as a source of rent for the elite, and a resource for rapid economic development. This analysis helps explain why marine governance that is inclusive of local people's and environmental values is proving difficult in Indonesia, and more broadly in other postcolonial countries where formal marine governance institutions were established to facilitate resource capture and commodification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses how important to describe cities and regencies (kotadankabupaten) by using official statistical data in such a way to understand their position in the context of regional rating system within regional autonomy policy in Indonesia. Regional rating system can be seen as a creative method towards sustainable growth by accelerating or decelerating down the growth in the regional context. The global competitiveness index is adapted as a method to formulate regional rating system. Furthermore, the simplification is made to facilitate probable planning prescription with the category to accelerate, continue, or decelerate by modifying particular variables which are presented by related statistical data. In terms of performing planning prescription, it is important to understand the existing and future role of cities and regencies especially in performing development equity, reducing the dominant role of large size cities, facilitating medium sized cities, and envisioning small sized cities. Note that rating system method in terms of planning prescriptions formulation can be seen as a progress of communicative city concept, by sharing information, promoting communication, providing option, and promotingparticipation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia, the world's largest archipelagic nation and second-largest fish producer in the world, has fisheries distinguished by a high diversity of species and with a large variety of gear and methods used to fish over expansive geographic areas. Fisheries management in Indonesia is equally complex with multiple levels of governance, decentralization, and traditional fishing tenure rights. The Government of Indonesia is taking strides to improve fisheries management in a changing and complex environment to support sustainable economic development, livelihoods, and food security of its people. This paper takes stock of recent developments in fisheries science and management in the country and identifies additional opportunities for improvement. An analytic framework for evaluating progress and opportunities for fisheries management has been adapted from a set of eight working principles for effective fisheries management. Analysis of each principle revealed that although current Indonesian fishery management includes landing data collections, onboard observer programs, logbooks, e-logbooks, catch per unit effort (CPUE) standardization, regional fisheries management units, genetic assessments, vessel tracking, and similar tools to improve fisheries management, significant work remains. Although the use of data is pivotal in the development of fisheries solutions, data inputs are still not adequate to perform fully reliable assessments. Indonesia's pool of experts remains insufficient to meet the extensive stock assessment needs across the country and thus continuous training and mentoring of assessors in techniques relevant for different stock types and data levels is crucial to ensure skills enhancement. Indonesia's interdisciplinary stock assessment review body, Komnas KAJISKAN, plays a critical role by providing scientific guidance that balances short-term economic needs from the perspectives of fishers and policymakers with the ecological constraints required for long-term fishery sustainability. Although small-scale fisheries dominate Indonesia's fisheries management system, the process of decentralizing data collection and management functions to province, district, and village levels is alone not sufficient to encourage more local ownership and compliance. Tools such as customary rules of conduct, marine protected areas, and other local area management regimes can also help to successfully manage small-scale fisheries and marine resources. Provincial licensing and boat classifications remain issues that require continued attention, simplification, and clarification. Finally, an enhanced national policy framework that empowers and engages local governments, universities, NGOs, fishers and community groups who are adequately trained, staffed, and funded would significantly strengthen fisheries science through improved data collection, processing, and interpretation to benefit management. In conclusion, the threat of overfishing in Indonesia's fisheries is visible in the data, and trends suggest a similar pathway involving unsustainable production goals and escalating overfishing as followed by neighboring countries that experienced fisheries collapse. Time is of the essence in recognizing this trajectory and adjusting policies to maintain and sustain the country's natural fisheries wealth for the present and future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An integration model for biomass to methanol supply chain is built. • Using an agent-based simulation–optimization is recommended in analyzing and reporting results. • Two different technological pathways of producing methanol from biomass are benchmarked. • Major decision making is included in the agent-based simulation–optimization model. • Methanol from biogas is more favorable than gasification technology. Methanol is a key product in the chemical industry, not only for producing other higher economic value chemicals, but also serves as a source of renewable energy that can substantially reduce carbon emissions. However, limited data are available on methanol total supply chain costs that consists of production, biomass cost, investment cost and the efficiency of the conversion processes. This paper recommends using an agent-based simulation–optimization in analyzing and reporting results by system elements (techno-economic assessment) or unit processes (life cycle assessment) as well as by the overall product system, of methanol supply chain. Major decision making are included in the agent-based simulation–optimization model to evaluate methanol synthesis pathways. This evaluation includes biomass and methanol ordering policy, capital budgeting during the lifetime of the methanol supply chain, carbon emissions per metric ton of methanol with specific focus on contribution to Indonesia Gross Domestic Product. The principal results obtained from the agent-based simulation show a better conversion technology pathway that leads to lower carbon emissions, higher internal rate of return, shorter payback period, and less price sensitivity of the methanol supply chain. The article proposes methanol from biogas as the chosen conversion technology pathway by considering its capability of sequestering carbon dioxide from bio-digester and lower capital investment, as well as its economic attractiveness to methanol production investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: India and Indonesia are privileged with abundant biomass resource potentials, 23 Giga-watt (GW) and 50GW equivalents respectively, yet both countries harvest small proportions, with fundamentally different deployed policies and articulated strategies. In this regard, this paper focuses on analyzing evolution and deployment of different policies and execution of strategies by two countries. It analyzes the effects of the biomass energy policies and executed strategies in India and Indonesia with a holistic approach. Such an approach takes the policy and strategy of the whole biomass energy sector rather than a segmented and separated sector as biofuel, biogas, biodiesel, etc. Furthermore, how they have resulted in different outcomes is also addressed. Our analysis shows that India's biomass energy policy has evolved from incremental to more radical changes, while Indonesia's policy remains incremental. India has also a relatively more unified biomass energy strategy than Indonesia. India has been more focused on technology development and deployment along with strong institutional creation, whereas Indonesia has not been able to create any biomass sector supporting strong institutions. Therefore, in terms of biomass energy utilizations, India has demonstrated better performance than Indonesia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: To increase share of renewable in energy mix and to increase decentralized nature of the energy system, Yogyakarta needs to improve energy technology applications that utilize a variety of local renewable energy resources. In this spirit, this paper describes examples that demonstrate challenges in the application of small-scale renewable energy installations based on bio-energy, hydropower and small-scale photovoltaics system in Yogyakarta. Discussion was focused on the challenges of benefit sustainability in utilizing renewable energy technologies. The study was conducted on three biodig2ester systems based on cattle waste: two systems utilizing waste from tofu small industry and a system using human faeces. From socio-cultural point of view, the study showed tendency of willingness of local community to use biogas instead of fossil-based energy and indication of the willingness of local community to run and maintain existing biodigester systems. However, there was still lack of proper operation and maintenance standard. The study showed that three cattle manure-based biodigester could reach 91%, 78% and 85% of theoretical level respectively. Two biodigester systems based on tofu industry waste achieved 72.78% and 0%, respectively, while the human faeces biodigester reached level of 95.6%. Furthermore, it was shown that six biodigester systems studied were unable to meet economic feasibility criteria. Study was also conducted on a micro-hydro power plant built in Van Der Wick irrigation channel. The power plant was of 11kW installed capacity. The study was focused on debris being blocked by trash rack and its influence on the power plant''s performance. The result showed that the debris accumulation could lead to blockage of the trash rack that could, in turn, decrease water discharge flowing into intake of the power plant. In one observation during the study, the power plant even stopped working in less than four hours due to total trash rack blockage. Meanwhile, another set of detail study was also conducted on 20 of 60 solar home systems (SHSs) which were in operation for two years. They were distributed and installed by the government of Yogyakarta to districts of the province as a grant. The SHSs are of 50 Wp and are designed to power three lights. The study showed that all SHS under study could, in average, only achieve 68.05% of designed performance level. Besides, the problems in solar panels, wiring, inverter and light ballast were also found. The last one occurred in 50% of SHSs under study. Principle of the holistic framework of the technology diffusion and the supporting network should be implemented to keep benefit of small scale renewable energy infrastructures in Yogyakarta sustain. It needs comprehensive and long term program touching both technological and non-technological aspects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: According to most experts, integrated and sustainable solid waste management should not only be given top priority, but must go beyond technical aspects to include various key elements of sustainability to ensure success of any solid waste project. Aside from project sustainable impacts, the overall enabling environment is the key feature determining performance and success of an integrated and affordable solid waste system. This paper describes a project-specific approach to assess typical success or failure factors. A questionnaire-based assessment method covers issues of: (i) social mobilisation and acceptance (social element), (ii) stakeholder, legal and institutional arrangements comprising roles, responsibilities and management functions (institutional element); (iii) financial and operational requirements, as well as cost recovery mechanisms (economic element). The Gianyar Waste Recovery Project in Bali, Indonesia was analysed using this integrated assessment method. The results clearly identified chief characteristics, key factors to consider when planning country wide replication but also major barriers and obstacles which must be overcome to ensure project sustainability. The Gianyar project consists of a composting unit processing 60tons of municipal waste per day from 500,000 inhabitants, including manual waste segregation and subsequent composting of the biodegradable organic fraction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Rapidly growing emerging economies, such as Brazil, China, India and Indonesia have joined the ranks of major industrialized countries as significant emitters of greenhouse (GHG). Their rapid economic growth has, however, brought about considerable environmental degradation, health costs, material damage, and a decrease in agriculture productivity. The notion of “green growth” has been proposed as a way out. This paper examines the case of Indonesia and evaluates its search for green growth through an approach that combines a so-called Energy Mix Policy and a REDD+ program. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Javanese teak forest constitutes more than 35% of world teak forests. It provides employment and livelihood to millions of people. This paper describes the use of systems dynamics to mimic the value chain of teak from forest to final furniture market using phases of conceptual design, model specification, model evaluation and model uses. The model comprises Perhutani plantation teak, community agroforest, teak log trading, furniture manufacturing and market. From the model we observe baseline trends of teak forest and incomes to various actors participating in teak business including forest state enterprise Perhutani, local communities, brokers, manufacturers and retailers. We use the model to produce governance scenarios of fair trade and vertical integration, their impacts on actors'' income and the sustainability of teak plantations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This study of community-driven material recovery facilities (CdMRFs) in Semarang City, Indonesia, was performed with the involvement of all stakeholders. Descriptive analysis was employed to describe the existing conditions of CdMRFs. Stakeholders and spatial analyses were conducted to explore the potential development of CdMRFs and formulate the best strategic framework for improving their performance and sustainability. The results indicate that CdMRFs have strengths and weaknesses that must be considered when operating at the neighbourhood level. Although CdMRF practices have economic potential for recovering the value of recyclable waste material, according to the perspectives of CdMRF managers, some community members do not trust CdMRFs to recycle their waste because most CdMRFs are initiated by individuals, apart from official local community activities. Therefore, local policies to support waste recycling at neighbourhood associations, the promotion of CdMRFs, and engagement with all stakeholders are necessary to recruit additional members and increase waste recovery rates. Rapid, versatile transaction recording that improves pick-up and collection services may significantly improve CdMRF operation. • CdMRF offers a sustainable circular economy benefit through solid waste management. • Plastic and paper waste are the largest component among inorganic waste that is accepted by CdMRF. • Local leader and government have strong influence to the activities of CdMRF. • CdMRF could enhance recycling awareness to local people in its service area. • CdMRF increase the incomes of residents on average of 5% of the Semarang City's minimum wages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ridesharing platforms are often discussed in connection with their positive environmental impact — an assumption rooted in the idea that access-based consumption reduces traditional vehicle ownership. However, evidence in support of this claim is inconsistent. The present paper maintains that the environmental impact of ridesharing platforms must be understood in terms of an interplay of access-based and ownership-based consumption mechanisms. The results of a multimethod investigation in the context of Indonesia show that the presence of informal motorcycle taxis at the time of initial platform entry led to an 'access-replaces-ownership' effect. At later entries, the limited availability of informal car taxis, coupled with the changing competitive ridesharing landscape, created an 'access-induced ownership' effect. Ridesharing platform entries thus at first had a positive environmental impact, but in later stages produced a negative overall environmental impact. The societal and practical implications of the findings for policy-makers oriented towards environmental sustainability are addressed. • Whether access induces or replaces purchase affects platforms' environmental impact. • Complex sets of local conditions give explanation on this phenomenon. • We use multimethod investigation of the case of ridesharing entries in Indonesia. • Initially, informal drivers' presence explains the access replaces purchase. • Yet, in total, access-induces-purchase effect is stronger especially at later entries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is one of the tools used to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). The purpose of this paper is to examine whether CSR activities in Indonesian companies support and align to the SDGs, especially in achieving the goal of responsible consumption and production. The data was collected from 453 annual reports and 44 sustainability reports of Indonesian listed companies from 2014 until 2016. The total data observation was from 585 reports. Content analysis was applied to examine the disclosures in both the annual and sustainability reports. Firstly, the analysis targeted sustainability reports. However, due to the limited number of sustainability reports, annual reports were also analyzed for the most recent year when this study was undertaken, which was 2016. The 2016 annual report content analysis shows that Indonesian companies tend to support the achievement of (1) sustainable cities and communities, (2) good health and well-being, (3) decent work and economic growth, (4) responsible consumption and production, and (5) quality education. The content analysis results for the 2014–2016 sustainability reports were found to be similar to the annual report analysis, albeit in a different order: (1) good health and well-being, (2) quality education, (3) sustainable cities and communities, (4) decent work and economic growth, and (5) responsible consumption and production. In short, based on both the annual and sustainability reports, Indonesian companies are likely to support these five SDG priorities. SDG goals are expected to be in line with the country's commitment. However the support from the companies is not yet aligned to the SDG priorities selected in Indonesia. The results from this analysis can be used to encourage the Government to socialize and provide an understanding of SDGs and the country's commitment to Indonesian companies. In addition, this study can be used to draw useful perspectives, not only for the Indonesian Government, but also for the other 193 countries that have adopted the SDGs. The results should encourage companies to implement business activities, in particular CSR activities that incorporate the SDG priority development targets. Also, this study can be a platform to provide a comprehensive picture to support SDGs, particularly in achieving the targets for responsible consumption and production. Other countries are expected to start examining their business activities, including CSR programs, in order to support and align with the country's SDG targets. This evaluation is important, as the SDG initiative will soon be reaching the first one third of the 2030 target implementation timeframe, so time cannot be wasted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]