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A series of B doped TiO 2 samples were synthesized by a simple sol–gel method. The existing states, doping behavior and the influence on the phase transition for the introduced boron ions are investigated and studied in details. It is noted that the B 3+ ions are mainly incorporated into TiO 2 lattice in interstitial mode. The excessive B 3+ ions form surface B 2 O 3 species on the surface of TiO 2 with the increase amount of boron ions. Furthermore, the introduction of B 3+ ions in interstitial mode inhibits the formation of rutile and delay the phase transition. These results afford better realization about the doping mechanism of B doped TiO 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 0D/2D S-scheme TOCN heterojunction were prepared by phase interfacial reaction. • The heterostructure can effectively separate and transfer photogenerated carriers. • TOCN shows efficient photocatalytic overall water splitting. • The S-scheme can reserve the redox ability of CN and TiO2 nanodots. It is a considerable challenge to design a highly efficient photocatalyst for overall water splitting. Herein, a zero-dimension/two-dimension (0D/2D) TiO 2 nanodots/g-C 3 N 4 step-scheme (S-scheme) photocatalyst (TOCN) for overall water splitting was prepared by a facile phase interfacial reaction. TOCN showed higher photocatalytic water splitting activity under simulated sunlight, which is about 2.2 and 1.7 times higher than TiO 2 nanodots and g-C 3 N 4 , respectively. The enhancement of photocatalytic performance can be mainly attributed to the formation of S-scheme heterojunction, rather than normal type-II heterojunction, which could not only improve charge separation but also remain the redox ability of TiO 2 and g-C 3 N 4. This work presents a simple method to construct an efficient photocatalyst with S-Scheme heterojunction for overall water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]