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Abstract: Soil wind erosion in northern China has become a serious environmental problem, especially on cultivated soil, but data on soil loss by wind erosion are scarce due to limitation in effective measurement methods. The objective of this study is to introduce differential global positioning system (GPS) measurements into studies of wind erosion and obtain field measured data of soil wind erosion rates during previous decades in Kangbao County, a representative area suffering from serious farmland wind erosion in northern China. Vegetative banks that were maintained between farmland plots after the original grassland had been cultivated into stripped farmland were assumed to have experienced little erosion or deposition. As a result, these banks offer a useful reference for GPS measurements in estimations of soil loss by wind erosion in the adjacent farmland plots. Differential GPS and real-time kinematic (RTK) measurement show that almost a half centimetre of top soil has been blown away in this area every year since the soil had been cultivated in the early twentieth century. To examine the reliability of the GPS measurements, average wind erosion rate in this area was derived from the 137Cs model in 30 farmland plots, which was 0.55cma−1 or 89.5tha−1 a−1. Results of both methods show the study area has been experiencing severe wind erosion, which has caused serious local environmental problems and made this area an important source of blown sand and dust that threatens the Beijing and the Tianjin metropolitan area. Both methods have advantages and limitations and generally each of them cannot be replaced by another; however, this paper presents an example that a combination of applying RTK GPS measurements in special plots with using 137Cs techniques on the regional scale produces very helpful results of regional wind erosion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• 3.71% of children with ARTI exhibited HAdV positive. • HAdV -2, HAdV -3 and HAdV -7 were the predominant types identified from ARTI children. • 74.85% of HAdV were co-detected with other respiratory pathogens, most commonly HRV. • The co-detection rate of HAdV-C was significant higher than those of HAdV-B. • HAdV -7 positive children may not present more severe clinical outcome. Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common pathogen in children that can cause acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI), but the molecular epidemiological and clinical information relating to HAdV among hospitalized children with ARTI are few reported in China. To evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and molecular characteristics of HAdV infections among hospitalized children with ARTI in Hebei, Northern China from June 2017 to May 2018. A 12-month longitudinal, retrospective study on HAdV , typed by nested polymerase chain reaction targeting the hexon gene's hypervariable region (typing was merely performed by sequencing of the hexon neutralization epitope and thus genotypes could not be identified unequivocally), associated with ARTI was performed. The epidemiological and clinical data of different types of HAdV were analyzed using statistical product and service solutions (SPSS) 21.0 software. HAdV was detected in 330 (3.71%) of the 8906 specimens, with most (88.48%, 292/330) HAdV -positives cases detected among children < 3 years old. HAdV were detected throughout the year with a higher prevalence in spring. 11 types were identified, with HAdV-2 (33.33%, 110/330) as the predominant type, followed by HAdV-3 (21.21%, 70/330) and HAdV-7 (13.94%, 46/330). Of the 330 HAdV -positive specimens, 247 (74.85%) were co-detected with other respiratory pathogens, most commonly rhinovirus (HRV) (58.7%, 145/247). Additionally, patients with HAdV -7 positive had longer duration of fever than HAdV -2 or -3 positive patients. During the study period, HAdV -2, HAdV -3 and HAdV -7 were the predominant types identified from children with ARTI in Hebei Province. Pediatric patients with HAdV -7 positive may not present more severe clinical outcome except a longer duration of fever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]