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Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of a tapeworm of Taeniidae family, genus Echinococcus and species Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.). CE is a worldwide public health problem and is highly incident in all Mediterranean areas. Following clinical, image techniques and serological investigations all 83 subjects involved in the study were diagnosed for CE. General and clinical data were entered into a database and evaluated. The 43.37% were female and 56.63% male, mean age was 50.71 while the range most represented (22.7%) was between 61->70 years. The purposes of our survey were to investigate these 83 patients enrolled in the study and to deeply examine 20 (24.10%) patients that developed a new echinococcal cyst. Moreover, the causes at the basis of the onset of a new cyst were analysed, together with a possible correlation with different treatments related to primary infection corresponding to surgery (n=7), albendazole (n=6), PAIR (n=3) and watch and wait (n=4). A possible link with medical treatments of the primary infection was observed in the subjects who underwent surgery or PAIR and a likely correlation attributable to high environmental contamination in subjects managed with drugs or watch and wait was detected. Moreover, our analysis evidenced that patients with a new infection presented a more severe diagnosis along with a major mortality rate. Finally, these data may have an important contribution for an epidemiological point of view concerning the percentage of CE in a specific geographical endemic area, such as Sardinia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Leishmaniasis is endemic in Sardinia but only cutaneous and visceral cases have been reported to date. We report a case of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis as presentation of HIV infection in a Sardinian patient who had never visited endemic areas. Serological and clinical diagnosis was cytologically and histopathologically confirmed. The patient had a good response to treatment with liposomal amphotericin combined with highly active antiretroviral therapy without recurrences after four years. Our case report highlights the need to better assess the circulation of species, risk factors and clinical spectrum of Leishmania infection in the Italian Mediterranean islands. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]