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• Large-scale charging station planning for electric buses. • Optimize the planning jointly under the transportation system and power grid. • A spatial-temporal model decides the sites of facilities for multiple stages. • Equivalently transform the model into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming. • Implement a case study of the real-world transportation network in Shenzhen, China. With the applications of electric buses (e-buses), potential solutions to problems related to infrastructures for charging e-buses are emerging. This study particularly focused on large-scale fast charging-station planning for e-buses in the public transportation electrification process, according to the characteristics of e-bus operation and plug-in fast charging mode. We conducted an interdisciplinary study to optimize planning jointly under the transportation system and power grid. In addition to capturing the spatiality of the e-bus charging service network, we further considered temporality in order to conduct long-term planning in view of the continuously growing e-bus charging demand. A spatial-temporal model, which determines the sites and sizes of e-bus charging stations, was proposed and the strategies for multistage infrastructure planning were put forward. The model was equivalently transformed into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming with high computational efficiency. The model and the multistage planning strategies were justified through a series of numerical experiments. A case study of Shenzhen, China was implemented and the robustness of the model to plan changes was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]