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Tourism has become one of the most important industries nowadays, which has a great impact on the economy and job creation. Women are a key factor for this sector, since there is a greater number of them with higher education and, at the level of occupation, more than half of the staff is female. Access to formal education, the creation of policies focused on eradicating inequality in the labor market and the new generations, have entailed that more and more women are present in this sector, but also in management and key positions, but still to a lesser extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades autoinmunes sistémicas (EAS) constituye un reto. Aunque infrecuentes, afectan a cientos de miles de pacientes en España. El médico de familia (MF) se enfrenta a síntomas o signos inespecíficos que hacen sospechar EAS al inicio del proceso, y tiene que decidir a quiénes debería derivar. Para facilitar su reconocimiento y mejorar su derivación, expertos de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria y de la Sociedad Española de Reumatología seleccionaron 26 síntomas/signos-guía y alteraciones analíticas. Se escogieron parejas de MF y reumatólogo para elaborar algoritmos diagnósticos y de derivación. Posteriormente se revisaron y adaptaron al formato de aplicación para móviles (app) descargable. El resultado es el presente documento de derivación de EAS para MF en formato de papel y app. Contiene algoritmos de fácil manejo utilizando datos de la anamnesis, exploración física y pruebas analíticas accesibles en atención primaria para orientar el diagnóstico y facilitar la derivación a reumatología o a otras especialidades. Management of systemic autoimmune diseases is challenging for physicians in their clinical practice. Although not common, they affect thousands of patients in Spain. The family doctor faces patients with symptoms and non-specific cutaneous, mucous, joint, vascular signs or abnormal laboratory findings at the start of the disease process and has to determine when to refer patients to the specialist. To aid in disease detection and better referral, the Spanish Society of Rheumatology and the Spanish Society of Family Medicine has created a group of experts who selected 26 symptoms, key signs and abnormal laboratory findings which were organized by organ and apparatus. Family doctors and rheumatologists with an interest in autoimmune systemic diseases were selected and formed mixed groups of two that then elaborated algorithms for diagnostic guidelines and referral. The algorithms were then reviewed, homogenized and adapted to the algorithm format and application for cell phone (apps) download. The result is the current Referral document of systemic autoimmune diseases for the family doctor in paper format and app (download). It contains easy-to-use algorithms using data from anamnesis, physical examination and laboratory results usually available to primary care, that help diagnose and refer patients to rheumatology or other specialties if needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the main demographic and clinical features of patients with spondyloarthropaties in Spain. Patients and methods: Review of randomized clinical charts of patients with spondyloarthropaties with at least one visit to the rheumatologist in the previous two years. Information was collected on demographic and clinical data (duration of illness, diagnostic category, disease activity, extra-articular manifestations, comorbidity and work disability). Results: 1168 patients were included in the study. Their median age was 49.2 years (39.7-60.5), 68.0% were males, and median time of disease was 105.1 months (48.4-192.5). The diagnoses and clinical data such as the BASDAI were reported only in 34.0% of the patients. The most widely used measure of metrology, the Schober test, was missing in 37.7% of the clinical charts. The patients included had the following diagnoses: ankylosing spondylitis (n=629, 55.2%), psoriatic arthritis (n=253, 22.2%), undifferentiated spondyloarthritis (n=184, 16.1%), arthritis associated to inflammatory bowel disease (n=50, 4.4%), and reactive arthritis (n=16, 1.4%). The most common extra-articular manifestations were psoriasis (20.8%), anterior uveitis (19.4%), and enthesitis (16.9%). Some kind of work disability was reported in 8.3% of the patients. Conclusions: Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with spondyloarthropaties in Spain do not differ as a whole from other published studies, except for undifferentiated spondyloarthritis, which was more likely in our patients than in other studies. The quality of the records of activity in the clinical charts could be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Governments, tour operators, and competitors are crucial to overcome epidemic outbreaks. • Finance, labor and taxation are the key areas in the relationships with governments. • Hotel chains should reduce their dependence on tour operators. • Competitors should collaborate to promote their destination and a regulatory framework. The rapid spatial diffusion of the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak has resulted in the total economic disruption of the Tourism Supply Chain (TSC) causing a significant reduction in revenue and creating liquidity issues for all operators. Firms in TSC are linked to each other in complex patterns, leading one risk to another. The purpose of this article is to understand the role of relationship management between hotel chains and their key TSC agents in order to overcome economic disruptions caused by epidemic outbreaks. Among the main contributions of this article are the identification of governments, tour operators, and competitors as the key relationships to be managed by hospitality firms. In addition, key areas for coordination with these actors are explored. Finally, the objectives of relationship management according to the partner are also addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precipitation is one of the most relevant fields in atmospheric modeling because of its environmental, social and economic implications. However, precipitation validation from weather model outputs presents substantial challenges, such as measurement uncertainties, use of gridded datasets vs. direct observations, and the selection of statistical goodness-of-fit measures. The main difficulty of working with precipitation is that it can be spatially irregular, especially in extreme events. High temporal aggregation smooths the field and reduces verification uncertainty. For this reason, validations are usually focused on a daily scale. However, many extreme events occur on shorter periods, for which a sub-daily precipitation assessment is required. In this paper, hourly precipitation verification of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is explored for 45 extreme precipitation events (EPEs) recorded in northeastern Spain. For this, stations with recorded EPEs were classified according to the hourly distribution of precipitation. WRF simulations were established considering three microphysics and two planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations. Finally, several statistical goodness-of-fit measures and spatial and temporal precipitation distributions were used for evaluating WRF performance. The results showed that microphysics were more important than PBL parameterizations. Goddard and Thompson together with Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi and Nino PBL gave better results for most of the analyzed characteristics. However, an optimal combination of parameterizations was not obtained for all EPEs, because event characteristics had important effects on model performance. • Hourly precipitation verification of the WRF model has been explored. • We selected 965 stations where extreme precipitation was recorded. • Three microphysics and two planetary boundary layer parameterizations were tested. • Goddard and Thompson together with Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi and Nino gave better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In order to identify hail into thunderstorms identified with radar data, different kinds of techniques are use based. This paper will evaluate some of these methodologies for the case of the Ebro valley (NE Spain), in order to obtain the best method to identify hail at surface. To achieve this end, an analysis of the 2004 and 2005 hail seasons has been undertaken using C-band radar, MM5 meteorological model outputs and ground observations provided by two hailpad networks. These data were integrated, identifying, characterizing and tracking the convective cells, and obtaining for each one different hail probability equations by means of various radar techniques. Kinetic energy flux was found to be the best parameter for distinguishing between hail and no-hail precipitation, although there was found to exist no significant difference between the various methods used. Moreover, the high correlations between radar parameters obtained by means of cell analyses led us to reduce the initial number of variables in new radar parameters. These new variables are defined and provide new improved models of the intensity of the storm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]