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Graphite-supported α- and β- PbO 2 electrodes (PbO 2 @G) were prepared by electrochemical deposition at appropriate potentials with regard to Pb(II)/PbO 2 redox couple under alkaline and acidic conditions, respectively, for studying the direct electro-oxidation of ammonia in aqueous solutions. Results of surface characterization including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated the presence of polymorphs of PbO 2 @G. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the electrolyte containing NH 3 indicated mediation of electron transfer by PbO 2 . At the onset potential of ca. +1.0 to +1.45 V (vs. Hg/HgO), a pathway of NH 3 oxidation to nitrogen byproducts, namely, N 2 , NO 2 − , and NO 3 − was proposed. The removal efficiency and selective conversion of ammonia (0.1 M Na 2 SO 4 , pH 11, 25 °C) on PbO 2 @G was determined based on controlled potential experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fecal samples were collected from Tibetan sheep grazing in Qinghai, China for Blastocystis testing. • Tibetan sheep distribution area and season influenced positive rates. • Bayesian analysis confirmed the presence of subtypes ST10, ST12, ST14, ST21, ST30, and possible new subtypes. Blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal protists in humans and a great number of animals, including sheep and goats. High prevalence and multiple subtypes of Blastocystis have been reported in sheep in several regions of China and elsewhere. However, there is a dearth of knowledge about Blastocystis in Tibetan sheep. A total of 761 fecal samples were collected from Tibetan sheep in seven counties of Qinghai Province, northwestern China, and were examined for the prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis using molecular technology based on the partial small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of Blastocystis. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis in the investigated Tibetan sheep was 7.5% (57/761) using PCR and DNA Sanger sequencing, and differences in prevalence were observed among the ruminants from the seven counties (P < 0.01), and across four seasons (P < 0.01). Sequence analysis revealed five subtypes (ST14 (57.9%), ST10 (26.3%), ST12 (5.3%), ST21 (5.3%), and ST30 (5.3%)) of Blastocystis sp. in these Tibetan sheep, with ST14 as the predominant subtype. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Blastocystis colonization in Tibetan sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Gut microbiota regulate the behavior and emotion through microbiota-gut-brain axis. • Changes in gut microbiota are closely associated with depression disorder. • Gut microbiota connects with the brain through many ways in depression disorder. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional regulatory pathway between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract, which plays an important role in maintain homeostasis. Gut microbiota could influence the behavior, cognition, stress response and others via the axis. Depression is a complex psychiatric disease, giving rise to heavy social health and economic burden. In recent years, studies have shown that the gut microbiota are closely linked to the pathophysiological processes of depression. In this article, the interaction and its underlying mechanisms between depression and gut microbiota were summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prospective cohort study of a Chinese population of mother–neonate pairs (n = 3103) was conducted to investigate the relationship between the cumulative hazard index (HI) of combined diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dibenzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure and birth outcomes. The estimated HI for phthalates was based on phthalate metabolite concentrations in urine collected between 5th and 14th gestational weeks. The median HI values according to the European Food Safety Authority tolerable daily intake (HI TDI ) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference dose (HI RfD ) were 0.358 and 0.187, respectively. A total of 16.3% and 1.9% of the women exhibited HI TDI and HI RfD exceeding the value of one, respectively. In unadjusted models, the categories (low < P 25 , median P 25 –P 50 , high > P 75 ) of HI TDI were associated with decreased birth weight ( β = −26.34 g, p = 0.021) and head circumference ( β = −0.09 cm, p = 0.029), whereas those for HI RfD were negatively associated with birth weight ( β = −31.74 g, p = 0.005), birth length ( β = −0.11 cm, p = 0.032), head circumference ( β = −0.13 cm, p = 0.003) and chest circumference ( β = −0.10 cm, p = 0.021) in all neonates. Adjustment for potential confounders revealed that HI RfD was inversely associated with head circumference ( β = −0.10 cm, p = 0.020). Stratification by gender indicated that HI RfD was associated with decreased birth length ( β = −0.17 cm, p = 0.041) in infant boys and HI TDI was associated with decreased birth weight ( β = −33.12 g, p = 0.036) and head circumference ( β = −0.13 cm, p = 0.027) in girls. This is the first study on the cumulative risk assessment of phthalate exposures in pregnant Chinese women. We found that the HI values of multiple phthalate co-exposure were sex-specifically related to birth outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrocoagulation (EC) using metallic Ni foam as electrodes was studied for the removal of boron from solution. The electrolytic parameters were pH (4–12), current density (0.6–2.5 mA cm −2 ), and initial concentration of boron (10–100 mg L −1 ). Experimental results revealed that removal efficiency was maximized at pH 8–9, and decreased as the pH increased beyond that range. At particular onset potentials (0.5–0.8 V vs. Hg/HgO), the micro-granular nickel oxide that was created on the surface of the nickel metal substrate depended on pH, as determined by cyclic voltammetry. Most of the crystallites of the precipitates comprised a mixed phase of β-Ni(OH) 2 , a theophrastite phase, and NiOOH, as revealed by XRD and SEM analyses. A current density of 1.25 mA cm −2 was effective in the EC of boron, and increasing the concentration of boric acid from 10 to 100 mg L −1 did not greatly impair removal efficiency. A kinetic investigation revealed that the reaction followed a pseudo-second order rate model. The optimal conditions under which 99.2% of boron was removed from treated wastewater with 10 mg L −1 -B, leaving less than 0.1 mg L −1 -B in the electrolyte, were pH 8 and 1.25 mA cm −2 for 120 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkaline intrusions such as ultrapotassic syenites are typically formed in extensional tectonic settings including continental rift, post-orogenic and post-collisional regimes. Here we present two early Mesozoic ultrapotassic syenite plutons (Tieshan and Yangfang) in South China that were formed in a continent collisional setting. LA-ICP-MS zircon U Pb chronological, major and trace elemental, and Sr Nd isotopic data of these syenites are used to explore their origin and to further constrain the geodynamics of early Mesozoic magmatism in South China. Our new data indicate that the Tieshan and Yangfang plutons were formed in Early Triassic (249 Ma) and Middle Triassic (240 Ma), respectively. The Tieshan and Yangfang syenites have SiO 2 contents of 50.84–56.95 wt% and 59.13–68.34 wt%, respectively, both are enriched in alkalis with very high K 2 O (5.60–9.68 wt%) and K 2 O/Na 2 O (1.8–15.7) and in LILE (Ba = 2464–8813 ppm; Sr = 652–3499 ppm), REE (498–1355 ppm) and HFSE (Zr = 264–766 ppm). They show enriched Sr Nd isotopic compositions with 87Sr/86Sr (t) and ε Nd (t) of 0.7096–0.7102 and − 5.2 to −6.5, respectively for Tieshan and of 0.7112–0.7119 and − 8.8 to −9.7, respectively for Yangfang. Geochemical data suggest that the studied ultrapotassic syenites were derived by partial melting of ancient subduction-modified lithospheric mantle including slab-derived melt hybridization and slab-derived carbonate fluid metasomatism, with the source depth of 60–90 km for Tieshan and at least 90 km for Yangfang. We further suggest that their origins are related to the transtension of the regional NE–trending strike-slip faults caused by continental collisions during the early Mesozoic amalgamation in East Asia. • Tieshan and Yangfang ultrapotassic syenites emplaced during Early to Middle Triassic. • Both syenites formed by partial melting of ancient subduction-modified mantle. • Their origin was related to transtension of regional NE–trending strike-slip faults. • Their formation was coupled with Late Permian to Triassic amalgamation in East Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread occurrence of late Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Gan-Hang Belt in South China is associated with similarly widespread mineralization, but many important questions surrounding these volcanic rocks have not been clearly answered. The Tianhuashan basin located in the northern Wuyi Mountain volcanic belt is one of the most important volcanic basins in the Gan-Hang Belt, and it is primarily composed of the Daguding and Ehuling Formations and their intrusive counterparts. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating shows that the Daguding Formation erupted in the Late Jurassic (152–160 Ma), whereas the Ehuling Formation erupted in the Early Cretaceous (131–139 Ma) in the Tianhuashan basin. Volcanic rocks are rhyolite and share similar trace and rare earth element patterns with an enrichment of LREEs and a depletion in Sr, Ba, Nb, Ta, P, Eu and Ti. They are also characterized by negative whole rock ε Nd (t) and zircon ε Hf (t) values with Paleoproterozoic t 2DM ages, suggesting that they were derived primarily from the remelting of ancient crustal materials. Daguding volcanic rocks are strongly peraluminous and show a higher Mg# than pure crustal melts, implying that they were likely derived from Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary basement materials. However, Ehuling volcanic rocks are weakly peraluminous and have a pronounced A 2 -type geochemical signature. Detailed elemental and isotopic data suggest that they were formed by the partial melting of the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement (including metasedimentary and metaigneous rocks) at a high temperature (~ 840 °C), followed by fractional crystallization. These results imply that during the Late Jurassic, South China on the Gan-Hang Belt was a continental arc coupled with the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate. Since the beginning of the Early Cretaceous, an intra-arc rift has formed along the Gan-Hang Belt as a consequence of slab rollback. These results also indicate that the extension in the Gan-Hang Belt began later than the southwestern part of the Shi-Hang Zone and lasted from 139 Ma to 122 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal and human studies have suggested that phthalate alters thyroid hormone concentrations. This study investigated the associations between phthalate exposure during the first trimester and thyroid hormones in pregnant women and their newborns. Pregnant women were enrolled from the prospective Ma’anshan Birth Cohort study in China. A standard questionnaire was completed by the women at the first antenatal visit. Seven phthalate metabolites were measured in one-spot urine at enrolment (10.0 ± 2.1 gestational weeks), as were thyroid hormone levels in maternal and cord sera. Multivariable linear regression showed that 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in natural log (ln)-transformed mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) was associated with 0.163 μg/dL ( p = 0.001) and 0.173 μg/dL ( p = 0.001) decreases in maternal total thyroxine (TT 4 ). Both MEHP and MEHHP were negatively associated with maternal free thyroxine (FT 4 ; β: −0.013, p < 0.001 and β: −0.011, p = 0.001, respectively) and positively associated with maternal thyroid-stimulating hormone (β: 0.101, p < 0.001; β: 0.132, p < 0.001, respectively). An inverse association was observed between monobenzyl phthalate and maternal TT 4 and FT 4 . A 1-SD increase in ln-transformed monoethyl phthalate was inversely associated with maternal TT 4 (β: −0.151, p = 0.002). By contrast, the concentrations of phthalate metabolites in urine were not associated with those of thyroid hormone in cord serum. Our analysis suggested that phthalate exposure during the first trimester disrupts maternal thyroid hormone levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the consideration of energy conservation and emission reduction, Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is used in construction and foamed asphalt is a common agent in WMA. The objective of this paper is to explore the foaming mechanism and distribution law of asphalt and its components, as well as its basic properties. The expansion rate and half-life were used to describe the foaming properties of the foamed asphalt and to determine the optimum water content. The microscopic images were aided to study morphological changes in the foamed asphalt. Moreover, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were widely used in the study of asphalt materials such as self-healing, interfacial behaviors, and mechanical properties. Based on intermolecular interactions, energies, and trajectories, the mechanism and performance of foamed asphalt can also be investigated. The molecular model of the foamed asphalt was established, and the foaming process of the foamed asphalt was discussed based on the perspectives of the energy, density, and intermolecular agglomerations. The simulation results can be a valuable reference for industry and fundamental research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, a main byproduct of steelmaking, contains large quantities of beneficial components. Its recycling inside the metallurgical process is considered as the optimal utilization method; however, the existence of P 2 O 5 makes this goal difficult to achieve. In this study, to achieve efficient separation of P, the BOF slag was modified by Al 2 O 3 addition and the dissolution behavior of P from slag was investigated in the HCl solution. The results showed that the dissolution ratio of P reached 86.3 % by Al 2 O 3 modification, which also suppressed the dissolution of valuable metal elements from BOF slag resulting from the formation of insoluble Ca 2 (Fe 1−x Al x) 2 O 5 and MgFeAlO 4 phases. The thermodynamic analysis shows that Fe3+ ions are the most easily combined with phosphate to form precipitation, leading to a low P dissolution ratio. It demonstrates that suppressing the dissolution of Fe3+ ions is the key to separating P from BOF slag. After leaching at pH 1, residue D contains 42.75 % Fe 2 O 3 , 34.08 % CaO, and only 0.17 % P 2 O 5 content, which can be reused as a flux in steel plants, achieving the high effective utilization of steelmaking slag. [Display omitted] • Selective leaching of P from BOF slag was achieved by Al 2 O 3 modification. • Insoluble Ca 2 (Fe 1−x Al x) 2 O 5 and MgFeAlO 4 phases formed after modification. • Al 2 O 3 modification suppressed the dissolution of Fe from BOF slag. • The residue with low P content can be reused in steelmaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A specific peptide (EEEFDATR) that is released during the hydrolysis of Antarctic krill contains three glutamic acids that cover calcium-binding ligands, and might act as a potential role in enhancing the osteogenetic activity. In this study, EEEFDATR and calcium alone and in combination were examined for their effects on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells. Co-administration of CaCl 2 and EEEFDATR showed a superior proliferation rate (70.94%) of MC3T3-E1 cells, which was about 2.07 and 1.74 times higher than CaCl 2 and EEEFDATR alone, respectively. Osteoblast proliferation improvements were associated with increased cell cycle in S phase after co-administration of CaCl 2 and EEEFDATR. The CaCl 2 + EEEFDATR group further exhibited a significantly higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as compared to other groups (p < 0.05) and showed obvious differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The magnitude of mineralization in the extracellular matrix (calcium deposition) was also higher in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with combined administration, although EEEFDATR alone did not induce significant mineralization. These data suggest that co-administration of CaCl 2 and EEEFDATR was superior to mono-administration in improving osteogenetic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taiyangshan is a poorly studied copper–molybdenum deposit located in the Triassic Western Qinling collisional belt of northwest China. The intrusions exposed in the vicinity of the Taiyangshan deposit record episodic magmatism over 20–30 million years. Pre-mineralization quartz diorite porphyries, which host some of the deposit, were emplaced at 226.6 ± 6.2 Ma. Syn-collisional monzonite and quartz monzonite porphyries, which also host mineralization, were emplaced at 218.0 ± 6.1 Ma and 215.0 ± 5.8 Ma, respectively. Mineralization occurred during the transition from a syn-collisional to a post-collisional setting at ca. 208 Ma. A barren post-mineralization granite porphyry marked the end of post-collisional magmatism at 200.7 ± 5.1 Ma. The ore-bearing monzonite and quartz monzonite porphyries have a ε Hf (t) range from − 2.0 to + 12.5, which is much more variable than that of the slightly older quartz diorite porphyries, with T DM2 of 1.15–1.23 Ga corresponding to the positive ε Hf (t) values and T DM1 of 0.62–0.90 Ga corresponding to the negative ε Hf (t) values. Molybdenite in the Taiyangshan deposit with 27.70 to 38.43 ppm Re suggests metal sourced from a mantle–crust mixture or from mafic and ultramafic rocks in the lower crust. The δ 34 S values obtained for pyrite, chalcopyrite, and molybdenite from the deposit range from + 1.3‰ to + 4.0‰, + 0.2‰ to + 1.1‰, and + 5.3‰ to + 5.9‰, respectively, suggesting a magmatic source for the sulfur. Calculated δ 18 O fluid values for magmatic K-feldspar from porphyries (+ 13.3‰), hydrothermal K-feldspar from stockwork veins related to potassic alteration (+ 11.6‰), and hydrothermal sericite from quartz–pyrite veins (+ 8.6 to + 10.6‰) indicate the Taiyangshan deposit formed dominantly from magmatic water. Hydrogen isotope values for hydrothermal sericite ranging from − 85 to − 50‰ may indicate that magma degassing progressively depleted residual liquid in deuterium during the life of the magmatic–hydrothermal system. Alternatively, δD variability may have been caused by a minor amount of mixing with meteoric waters. We propose that the ore-related magma was derived from partial melting of the ancient Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic middle to lower continental crust. This crust was likely metasomatized during earlier subduction, and the crustal magmas may have been contaminated with lithospheric mantle derived magma triggered by MASH (e.g., melting, assimilation, storage, and homogenization) processes during collisional orogeny. In addition, a significant proportion of the metals and sulfur supplied from mafic magma were simultaneously incorporated into the resultant hybrid magmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (POELE10)-NaH 2 PO 4 aqueous two-phase extraction system (ATPES) is coupled with HPLC to analyze chloramphenicol (CAP) in aquatic product. Response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted in the multi-factor experiment to determine the optimized conditions. The extraction efficiency of CAP ( E %) is up to 99.42% under the optimal conditions, namely, the concentration of NaH 2 PO 4 , the concentration of POELE10, pH and temperature were 0.186 g·mL −1 , 0.033 g·mL −1 , 3.8 and 25 °C respectively. The optimal value of enrichment factor of CAP (F) was 22.56 when the concentration of NaH 2 PO 4 was 0.192 g·mL −1 , the concentration of POELE10 was 0.024 g/ml, pH was 4.2 and temperature was 30 °C. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method are 0.8 μg·kg −1 and 1 μg·kg −1 , which meet the needs of determining trace or ultratrace CAP in food. The E % and F of this technique are much better than other extraction methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this molecular dynamics study are to simulate the asphalt model using the common components from the references, and to predict the physical properties of asphalt material. The asphalt model consists of three components: the asphaltene, aromatic, and saturate, at the ratio of 5:27:41. The docosane and 1,7-dimethylnaphthalene represents the saturate and naphthene aromatic, respectively. The Amber Cornell Extension Force Field was adopted and utilized in the asphalt model system, and the experimental parameters associated with this force field were obtained from the General Amber Force Field (GAFF). The geometry and energy optimizations of the molecular components were used to establish the stable asphalt model system. The density of the asphalt model system was calculated with the Amber Cornell Extension Force Field. The predicted densities were compared with the laboratory data to verify the model. Moreover, the glass transition temperature range of the molecular asphalt model was computed from the relationship between the specific volumes and temperatures after the molecular dynamics experimental simulation. The glass transition temperature range had a good correlation with the experimental data. The viscosity data of the molecular asphalt model was calculated using the Muller-Plathe algorithm. The predicted viscosities at specific temperatures were also compared and discussed with the laboratory data and other published results. In addition, the bulk modulus of the molecular asphalt model was determined and obtained by applying the infinitesimal strain in the model boundaries. The results of the analysis of the bulk modulus in the asphalt model were compared to the reference data, and these predicted results were better than the reference values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of aging on asphalt binders under the conditions of dry and sufficient oxygen, and to identify the functional groups related to the fatigue and rutting of asphalt mixtures. During the asphalt aging process, the six functional groups (carboxylic acids, aldehydes, amides, anhydrides, esters and ketones) containing the carbonyl group can be found in the asphalt binders based on the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) test results and references. The functional groups containing the carbonyl group in the asphalt binders can be also used to correlate to the oxidation extent of asphalt binders. Three nanomaterials were added into the control asphalt binder to study the effect of aging. The three materials included polymer modified nanoclay (PMN), non-modified nanoclay (NMN) and nanosilica (NS). The rolling thin film oven (RTFO) and pressure aging vessel (PAV) aging effects of the asphalt binders were analyzed to understand the functional polar groups in the asphalt system under short- and long-term aging conditions, respectively. The different asphalt binders were tested by FTIR to obtain the spectra of chemical groups. The FTIR characterization results indicate that the carboxylic acids and ketones are the main aging components in the asphalt when exposed to air and oxygen. The esters and aldehydes in the asphalt are kept to a limited amount. Furthermore, these functional groups, along with the carbonyl group are closely related to the susceptibility of rutting and the fatiguing of asphalt mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to investigate the moisture susceptibility of nano hydrated lime (NHL) modified asphalt mixtures and determine the fundamental factors of moisture damage in asphalt mixtures using the molecular dynamics (MD), as well as analyze the effect that the aging of asphalt binders has on the moisture damage in asphalt mixtures. The NHL was added to the control asphalt to make NHL modified asphalt. The modified asphalt was mixed with aggregates to form NHL modified asphalt mixtures. The tensile strength ratio (TSR) test was used to evaluate the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. When the TSR test was done, different solutions were used to extract the polar groups from the tested asphalt mixtures, and the polar groups were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) attenuated total reflection (ATR). When asphalt oxidizes, the six functional groups (ketones, carboxylic acids, anhydrides, aldehydes, amides and esters) with the carbonyl group can be found in the polar part of asphalt based on FTIR ATR spectral data and references. The polar groups with the carbonyl group also indicate the oxidation extent of asphalt binders. The FTIR test results indicate that carboxylic acids and ketones were the primary aging products in asphalt, and these two carbonyl groups relate to the rutting resistance and moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. Furthermore, the MD interface systems of asphalt–aggregate and aggregate–water were created, as well as the separated systems (asphalt, water, and aggregates). The essential mechanisms for the moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures were explored with MD simulations. The potential energies of the interface systems and each separated system were computed to obtain the adhesion energies of the interface MD models. The differences in adhesion energy between the asphalt–aggregate and aggregate–water systems show that water tends to bond to the aggregate rather than the asphalt. This also explains the displacement of water that occurs in asphalt mixtures when there is moisture damage. In addition, the effect of asphalt aging on the moisture susceptibility of the asphalt mixture was also analyzed using MD interface models. The MD results demonstrate that the aging group in asphalt is helpful in reducing the moisture damage in asphalt mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To review the literature and provide an update on the mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses of oral colchicine in arthritis and inflammatory conditions. Methods We performed PubMed database searches through June 2014 for relevant studies in the English literature published since the last update of colchicine in 2008. Searches encompassed colchicine mechanisms of action and clinical applications in medical conditions. A total of 381 articles were reviewed. Results The primary mechanism of action of colchicine is tubulin disruption. This leads to subsequent down regulation of multiple inflammatory pathways and modulation of innate immunity. Newly described mechanisms include various inhibitory effects on macrophages including the inhibition of the NACHT-LRRPYD-containing protein 3 (NALP3) inflammasome, inhibition of pore formation activated by purinergic receptors P2X7 and P2X2, and stimulation of dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation. Colchicine also has anti-fibrotic activities and various effects on endothelial function. The therapeutic use of colchicine has extended beyond gouty arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever, to osteoarthritis, pericarditis, and atherosclerosis. Conclusion Further understanding of the mechanisms of action underlying the therapeutic efficacy of colchicine will lead to its potential use in a variety of conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of aluminum on the microstructure and tensile properties of 5Cr5MoV was systematically investigated for improving the mechanical properties at room temperature. Microstructure was characterized by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field-emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), and additionally the uniaxial tensile tests were performed on a MTS-810 testing system. Tensile strength as a function of aluminum concentration exhibits an obvious two-stage characteristic. In stage I, 5Cr5MoV is continuously strengthened with the increase of aluminum, mainly owing to the refinement of lath martensite, the precipitation of small carbides and the presence of fine twins in martensite. The maximum tensile strength is 1303 MPa at the aluminum concentration of 1.63 wt.%. In stage II, the tensile strength rapidly drops down with the excessive addition of aluminum due to both the presence of large carbides at the boundaries between ferrite and martensite and the excessive ductile phase of irregular ferrites. As a result, the appropriate addition of aluminum can improve the mechanical properties of 5Cr5MoV by introducing the cryptocrystalline martensite as well as the dispersive polygonal ferrite in the microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the transitional process, acid or base catalysts are common technology to produce bio-diesel from waste cooking oil; however, the catalysts only can be use one time. Highly reaction time is requirement for the transitional technology. For improvement these concern issues, this study applied a novel technology to create bio-diesel product from cooking oil and waste cooking oil by microwave irritation. The microwave irradiation can provide strong power and reach reaction temperature in a short time. The SrO catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst which is not dissolution into any liquid solution therefore, it can be recycling and reusing again. In this research, the optimum conditions were using commercial SrO, 40 to 180 seconds reaction time, around 80 o C reaction temperature, 6 methanol to oil ratio, and 1000W microwave power output. 99% and 93% biodiesel conversion efficiency for cooking oil and waste cooking oil were reached within in these conditions. The determined specifications of obtained biodiesel according to ASTM D6751 and EN14214 standards were in accordance with the required limits. As a conclusion, the present study indicates that derived fuel promises being an alternative for diesel, and could be used in engines without a major modification due to its qualifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon (Si) has been perceived as a promising next-generation anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to its superior theoretical capacity. Despite the natural abundance of this element on Earth, large-scale production of high-purity Si nanomaterials in a green and energy-efficient way is yet to become an industrial reality. Spray-drying methods have been exploited to recover Si particles from low-value sludge produced in the photovoltaic industry, providing a massive and cost-effective Si resource for fabricating anode materials. To address such drawbacks like volume expansion, low electrical and Li + conductivity and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, the recycled silicon particles have been downsized into nanoscale and shielded by a highly conductive and protective graphene multilayer through high energy ball milling. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements have revealed that the graphene wrapping and size reduction approach have significantly improved the electrochemical performance. It delivers an excellent reversible capacity of 1,138 mA h g −1 and a long cycle life with 73% capacity retention over 150 cycles at a high current of 450 mA g −1 . The plentiful waste conversion methodology also provides considerable opportunities for developing additional rechargeable devices, ceramic, powder metallurgy and silane/siloxane products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is often affected by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) metabolism which is strongly influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the PUFA metabolic pathway. Given this, we designed this study to determine the relationship between specific polymorphisms within fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), a key enzyme in PUFA metabolism, and CHB infection. We completed this evaluation using a case–control study comprising 230 CHB patients and 234 unrelated healthy controls in which the genetic relationships between three previously identified SNPs, isolated via mass spectrometry, and CHB infection. Our data revealed that none of these three SNPs (rs174568, rs174601, and rs2727270) were significantly associated with susceptibility to CHB infection when compared to healthy controls. However, when we stratified our cohort by sex, male subjects with the TC genotype for FADS2 exhibited a decreased risk for CHB infection (OR = 0.62, 95%CI = 0.39–0.96; OR = 0.64, 95%CI = 0.41–1.00; OR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.36–0.90). Furthermore, age stratification revealed that both the T allele and the TC genotypes for each of the three target SNPs were less common in Chinese CHB cases in people younger than 50 years old. Correlation analysis also revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between these three SNPs and HBV-DNA replication or hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels. Thus, our data suggests that rs174568, rs174601, and rs2727270 may affect the CHB outcomes in various age or sex subgroups, suggesting that they may be useful predictive or diagnostic biomarkers of CHB infection in some populations. • 3 SNPs in FADS2 (rs174568, rs174601 and rs2727270) were associated with the risk of CHB in Chinese male population. • 3 SNPs in FADS2 were associated with the risk of CHB in Chinese people younger than 50 years old. • 3 SNPs in FADS2 and HBV-DNA load or HBsAg levels in CHB patients was no significant correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable monitoring of traffic using clean energy supply has always been a significant problem for engineers. In this study, we proposed a self-powered smart transportation infrastructure skin (SSTIS) as an innovative and bionic system for the traffic classification of a smart city. This system incorporated the self-powered flexible sensors with net-zero power consumption based on the Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG) and an intelligent analysis system based on artificial intelligence (AI). The feasibility of the SSTIS was tested using the full-scale accelerated pavement tests (APT) and the long-short term memory (LSTM) deep learning model with a vehicle axle load classification accuracy up to 89.06%. This robust SSTIS was later tested on highway and collected around 869,600 pieces of signals data. The generative adversarial networks (GAN) WGAN-GP (Wasserstein GAN - Gradient Penalty) was used for data augmentation, due to the imbalanced data of different vehicle types in actual traffic. The overall accuracy for on-road vehicle type classification improved to 81.06% using the convolutional neural network ResNet. Finally, we developed a mobile traffic signal information monitoring system based on cloud platform and Android framework, which enabled engineers to obtain the vehicle axle-load information mobilely. This study is the emerging design and engineering application of the self-powered flexible sensors for smart traffic monitoring, which provides a significant advance for intelligent transportation and smart cities in future. [Display omitted] • TENG-based self-powered flexible sensors enable sustainable traffic monitoring. • The combination of sensing and AI enables fast data collection, transmission and analysis. • A cloud platform and an android application are also developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fluidized-bed crystallization (FBC) removes heavy metals onto the fluidized pellets, which is an outstanding alternative to the precipitation method. This study simultaneously recovers iron and copper as binary metal-oxide pellets (FeIII 0.66 CuI 0.33 @SiO 2) in a synthetic wastewater using FBC and silica as a seed material. The operating parameters for FBC include the Fe/Cu ratio, pH, cross-sectional loading (L, kg/m2.h) and bed height (H, cm) and these are optimized to maximize the crystallization efficiency of iron and copper. At pH = 8, an input Fe/Cu ratio = 2 at a total metal concentration of 3 mM, the crystallization ratio (CR) and the total respective metal removal (TR) for Fe and Cu is 90% and 99%. Precipitation rates of 0.88 and 0.38 mg-metal/ gr-seed•h were obtained at respective cross-sectional loadings of 0.25 kg m− 2•h and 0.15 kg m− 2•h for Fe and Cu. The crystal phases of FBC product are respectively characterized as FeOOH and Cu 2 O by XRD analysis. The high crystallization ratio and the recovery of crystal pellet product indicated that the quantity of the sludge has been reduced significantly in comparison to the traditional chemical precipitation. [Display omitted] • Mixed metal-containing wastewater was treated by fluidized-bed crystallization. • Fe and Cu were recovered in form of FeOOH/Cu 2 O composite on silica pellet. • 90% of metals were crystallized as oxides as to reduce sludge formation. • Removal efficiency of binary metal oxides achieved 99% under optimal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor-specific therapeutic platforms designed for combined tumor therapy has recently received wide attention. In this work, a new HB5 aptamer-functionalized mesoporous silica–carbon based doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded system (MSCN-PEG-HB5/DOX) was successfully constructed and characterized for chemo-photothermal combined therapy of human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer cells. The in vitro release result showed that MSCN-PEG-HB5/DOX exhibited pH-sensitive and NIR-triggered release manner. HB5-modified nanoparticles showed significant higher cellular uptake in HER2-positive breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3) but not in normal breast epithelial cells (MCF-10A), compared to unmodified counterparts. The intracellular uptake of functional nanoparticles was mainly based on the receptor-mediated mechanism which was energy-dependent. Cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that combined therapy induced highest cell killing effect compared to chemotherapy and photothermal therapy alone. The combination index (CI) was 0.253 indicating the synergistic effect of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. These findings suggested that MSCN-PEG-HB5/DOX was a potential chemo-photothermal therapeutic platform targeting to HER2-positive breast cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful glioma gene therapy lays on two important factors, the therapeutic genes and efficient delivery vehicles to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and reach gliomas. In this work, a new gene vector was constructed based on dendrigraft poly- l -lysines (DGL) and polyethyleneglycol (PEG), conjugated with a cell-penetrating peptide, the nucleolar translocation signal (NoLS) sequence of the LIM Kinase 2 (LIMK2) protein (LIMK2 NoLS peptide, LNP), yielding DGL-PEG-LNP. Plasmid DNA encoding inhibitor of growth 4 (ING4) was applied as the therapeutic gene. DGL-PEG-LNP/DNA nanoparticles (NPs) were monodispersed, with a mean diameter of 90.6 ± 8.9 nm. The conjugation of LNP significantly enhanced the BBB-crossing efficiency, cellular uptake and gene expression within tumor cells. Mechanism studies suggested the involvement of energy, caveolae-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis in cellular uptake of LNP-modified NPs. MTT results showed that no apparent cytotoxicity was observed when cells were treated with synthesized vectors. Furthermore, LNP-modified NPs mediated strongest and most intensive apoptosis on the tumor site, and the longest median survival time of glioma-bearing mice. All the results demonstrated that LNP is a kind of efficient CPPs especially for BBB-crossing application, and DGL-PEG-LNP/DNA is a potential non-viral platform for glioma gene therapy via intravenous administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The western Tibet Plateau comprises a series of crustal terranes that were successively accreted to the southern margin of Eurasia associated with the evolution of Paleo- and Neo-Tethys. This paper presents the first detailed SHRIMP zircon U–Pb chronology, major and trace element, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotope geochemistry of three Mesozoic plutons (South Kudi, Arkarz and Mazha) and their microgranular enclaves in the western Kunlun and Tianshuihai terranes. SHRIMP zircon U–Pb dating shows that the three plutons were emplaced in the Late Triassic (215–209 Ma) and show a southward-younging trend. The South Kudi pluton (215 Ma) is composed of high-K calc-alkaline granodiorite and monzogranite, with initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of 0.7093–0.7099, ε Nd (T) of − 4.9 to − 5.4, and ε Hf (T) (in-situ zircon) of 0.3. Elemental and isotopic data suggest that the granitoids were generated by partial melting of the Precambrian metasedimentary–igneous basement in the normal lower-crust (< 40 km) of the western Kunlun terrane triggered by underplating of basaltic magma. The Arkarz pluton (213 Ma) consists of high-K calc-alkaline monzogranite, syenogranite and alkali-feldspar granite and contains abundant microgranular enclaves. The host granites have initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of 0.7071–0.7085, ε Nd (T) of –3.7 to − 4.8, and ε Hf (T) of − 0.7, and were also generated by partial melting of the Precambrian metasedimentary–igneous basement in the normal lower-crust (< 40 km) of the western Kunlun terrane triggered by underplating of enclave-forming potassic magma. Fractional crystallization of these pure crustal melts may explain the more felsic end-member granite. The enclaves are mainly basic (SiO 2 48.0–54.9 wt.%) with high K 2 O (1.4–3.8 wt.%). They have initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of 0.7071–0.7080 and ε Nd (T) of − 2.6 to − 4.5. We interpret the enclave magmas as having been derived by partial melting of the metasomatized mantle wedge in the spinel–garnet transition zone (~ 60–80 km). The Mazha pluton (209 Ma) is composed of high-K calc-alkaline tonalite and granodiorite, with initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of 0.7087–0.7097, ε Nd (T) of − 6.3 to − 6.5, and ε Hf (T) of − 2.8. Elemental and isotopic data suggest that the granitoids were generated by mixing of mantle-derived basaltic magma with felsic melt derived by partial melting of lower crust of the Tianshuihai terrane. Our new data suggest that during the Late Triassic (215–209 Ma) the Tianshuihai terrane and the southern part of the western Kunlun terrane were a continental arc in response to the northward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys between the Tianshuihai and Karakorum terranes; the collision of the Karakorum terrane with the Tianshuihai terrane is not earlier than the age of 209 Ma, and most likely occurred during the Early Jurassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To deal with the increasing long-term care (LTC) needs of elderly people in Taiwan, the government launched the Ten-year Long-term Care Project (TLTCP) in 2007, and through the care management system, care plans for those in need were distributed and implemented by care managers according to the single assessment process. Based on the emphasis of linking the right need assessment to the care plan, this study aimed to explore the need profiles of LTC recipients with regard to their health indicators to serve as a validity check on the identified dependency levels and care plans in the current care management system. Design A model based on latent class analysis (LCA) was used for dealing with the issue of health heterogeneity. LCA provides an empirical method that examines the interrelationships among health indicators and characterizes the underlying set of mutually exclusive latent classes that account for the observed indicators. The analysis included a total of 2901 elderly care recipients in the LTC dataset from a southern city, 1 of the 5 major metropolitan areas in Taiwan. The identified dependency levels of the samples and their care plans in need assessment were compared and discussed. Results Four need profiles were explored in the LTC dataset. Apart from the low (LD) (32.95%) and moderate dependent groups (MD) (17.48%), there were 2 groups identified among the high-dependency levels, including the severe physical and psychological dependency (SPP) (26.37%) and the comorbidities and severe dependency (CSD) groups (23.20%), which in sum were approximately identified as high dependency (HD) by care managers in the LTC dataset. In addition, the CSD group currently costs more for their care plans on average in LTC services (NT. 277,081.15, approximately 9200 USD) than the SPP group (NT. 244,084.21) and the other groups. Conclusion Need assessment is a key to success in care management in LTC. The results of this study showed the importance of focusing on multifacet indicators, especially the mental and social health indicators in need assessments by improving the unified assessment process to sensitively detect those with various needs and then link them to the right care plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate diffuse myocardial fibrosis in patients with systolic heart failure (SHF) and in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and the association with diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV). Background Increased diffuse myocardial fibrosis may impair LV diastolic function. However, no study has verified the association between the degree of diffuse myocardial fibrosis and the severity of impaired diastolic function in SHF and HFpEF. Methods Forty patients with SHF, 62 patients with HFpEF, and 22 patients without HF underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), including T1 mapping and cine CMR on a 3-T system. Extracellular volume fraction (ECV), a measure of diffuse myocardial fibrosis, was quantified from T1 mapping. Systolic and diastolic functions of the LV were assessed by cine CMR. The ECV values and LV functional indexes were compared among the 3 groups. Associations between ECV and LV diastolic function were also investigated. Results Compared with patients without HF, significantly higher ECV was found in patients with SHF (31.2% [interquartile range (IQR): 29.0% to 34.1%] vs. 27.9% [IQR: 26.2% to 29.4%], p < 0.001) and HFpEF (28.9% [IQR: 27.8% to 31.3%] vs. 27.9% [IQR: 26.2% to 29.4%], p = 0.006). Peak filling rate, a diastolic functional index assessed by cine CMR, was significantly decreased in patients with SHF (1.00 s −1 [IQR: 0.79 to 1.49 s −1 ] vs. 3.86 s −1 [IQR: 3.34 to 4.48 s −1 ], p < 0.001) and HFpEF (2.89 s −1 [IQR: 2.13 to 3.50 s −1 ] vs. 3.86 s −1 [IQR: 3.34 to 4.48 s −1 ], p < 0.001). Myocardial ECV was significantly correlated with peak filling rate in the HFpEF group (r = −0.385, p = 0.002), but no correlation was found in the SHF and non-HF groups (r = 0.030, p = 0.856 and r = −0.238, p = 0.285, respectively). Conclusions In patients with HF, only those with HFpEF show a significant correlation between increased diffuse myocardial fibrosis and impaired diastolic function. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis plays a unique role in the pathogenesis of HFpEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have demonstrated a close association between α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) and depressive disorders, and activation of AMPARs may represent a promising way to treat depression. However, the effects of AMPAR potentiators on depression and the underlying mechanism have not been comprehensively clarified. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish a depressive mouse model and an in vitro damage model of SH-SY5Y cells, and the AMPAR potentiator LY450108 was introduced to the study. We found that LY450108 alleviated LPS-induced depressive behavior and abnormal phosphorylation of hippocampal AMPARs in mice. LY450108 also alleviated LPS-induced apoptosis and decreased the viability of SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, LY450108 protected SH-SY5Y cells from LPS-induced abnormal phosphorylation of AMPARs. In conclusion, our findings suggest that LY450108 has antidepressant effects against LPS-induced neuronal damage and depression. • AMPA receptor potentiator LY450108 alleviated depressive behavior. • LY450108 restored phosphorylation levels of GluA1 in depressive mice models and SH-SY5Y cells. • LY450108 involved upregulation of AMPA receptor phosphorylation levels may a potential target of major depression therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] An iron oxide recovered from fluidized-bed Fenton reactor is used as adsorbent. [•] BT1 adsorbent composes of poorly crystallized Goethite. [•] High removal of Sr is achieved by BT1 with an adsorption capacity of near 40mg/g. [•] Kinetics and thermodynamics of Sr adsorption have been elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Composites consisting of carbon black (CB) particles, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3−δ (LSMO) powder, and epoxy resin were prepared for development of a high performance microwave absorber. This study investigated the influence of adding amounts of LSMO powder (60, 70, and 80wt%) on complex permittivity, complex permeability, and reflection loss for CB (5wt%)-epoxy composites. The variation of complex permittivity and complex permeability with frequency of the composites was measured by the cavity perturbation technique in the range of 7–14GHz. It was found that the real part of the complex permittivity increased with increasing LSMO addition and the imaginary part of the complex permeability decreased with increasing frequency. The microwave absorption results indicated that the composite filled with 5wt% CB particles and 80wt% LSMO powder had the best absorption performance. The maximum reflection loss was −23.63dB at 7.87GHz and the absorbing bandwidth at −10dB was 1.75GHz with a matching thickness of 5mm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Mesozoic lamprophyres are widely present in gold province in the Jiaodong Peninsula. In this study, we analyzed major and trace elements and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions of lamprophyres from the Linglong and Penglai Au-ore districts in the Jiaodong Peninsula, in an attempt to better understand Mesozoic lithospheric evolution beneath the eastern North China Craton. These lamprophyre dikes are calc-alkaline in nature, and are characterized by low concentrations of SiO2, TiO2 and total Fe2O3, high concentrations of MgO, Mg# and compatible element, enriched in LREE and LILE but variably depleted in HFSE. They display initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.709134–0.710314, εNd(t) values of −13.2 to −18.3, 206Pb/204Pb of 17.364–17.645, 207Pb/204Pb of 15.513–15.571 and 208Pb/204Pb of 37.995–38.374. Interpretation of elemental and isotopic data suggests that the Linglong and Penglai lamprophyres were derived from partial melting of a phlogopite- and/or amphibole-bearing lherzolite in the spinel–garnet transition zone. The parental magma might have experienced fractionation of olivine and clinopyroxene, and minor crustal materials were incorporated during ascent of these mafic magmas. Before ~120Ma of emplacement of these calc-alkaline lamprophyres, the ancient lithospheric mantle was variably metasomatized by hydrous fluids rather than melts from subducted/foundered continental crust. It is proposed that continuous modification by slab-derived hydrous fluids from the Paleo-Pacific plate converted the old cratonic lithospheric mantle to Mesozoic enriched lithospheric mantle. Geodynamic force for generation of these lamprophyres may be related to large scale lithospheric thinning coupled with upwelling of the asthenosphere beneath the North China Craton. Continental arc-rifting related to the Paleo-Pacific plate subduction is favored as a geodynamic force for the cratonic lithosphere detachment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] Efficient metal-mediated Reformatsky reaction of bromodifluoromethyl ketones and aldehydes was investigated. [•] Water is suitable solvent for this transformation. [•] The reactions of ketones and aldehydes could tolerate a broad range of functional groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The recent “horsemeat scandal” and “fish fraud” have focused extensive attention on food safety worldwide. Plant-origin food safety must also be examined. Lycium barbarum, commonly known as Goji (or wolfberry), is considered a “super food” because of its nutritive properties, and it is much more expensive than L. chinense and other varieties. However, distinguishing them merely by sight is difficult. Thus, developing a useful tool for tracing food is crucial. In this study, we utilized an internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) as a DNA barcode for distinguishing L. barbarum, L. chinense, and L. ruthencium. The genomic DNA from 67 fruit samples collected from the field and market was extracted. Ideal ITS2 barcodes were obtained by PCR amplification and sequencing. Based on the ITS2 barcode, the neighbor-joining (NJ) tree, BLAST1, and nearest distance methods were able to differentiate the three above-mentioned species. Therefore, we present the ITS2 barcode as a powerful tool for tracing Goji. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a potentially malignant disorder associated with an increased risk of progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The objective of this study was to determine protein expression of cancer stem cell factor Bmi1 in a longitudinal series of patients with OLP and evaluate the correlation between Bmi1 expression and the risk of progression to OSCC. In a retrospective study, Bmi1 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry in samples from 96 patients with OLP who received a mean follow-up of 54 months, including patients who did not progress to OSCC (n = 87) and patients who had progressed to OSCC (n = 9). Analysis of 10 cases of normal oral mucosa and 6 cases of postmalignant OSCC form previously diagnosed OLP was also performed. The results showed that Bmi1 expression was observed in 32 (36.8%) of 87 cases of nonprogressing OLP and in 8 (88.9%) of 9 cases of progressing OLP. Bmi1 was not expressed in normal oral mucosa, but it was positively expressed in the 6 (100%) cases of OSCC. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of malignant progression in the patients with Bmi1-positive expression was significantly higher than those with Bmi1 negativity (odds ratio, 20.75; 95% confidence interval, 2.21-194.57; P = .008). Collectively, Bmi1 expression was significantly associated with malignant transformation in a large series of patients with OLP who received a longitudinal observation. Our findings suggested that Bmi1 may serve as a useful marker for the identification of a high risk of malignant progression of OLP. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Phosphorus is an indispensable nutrient element in agriculture and its reserves are limited. To secure a sustainable supply of phosphorus, phosphate recovery from dephosphorization slag generated in steelmaking was considered a promising solution. In this study, acid leaching was adopted to separate the P-concentrating solid solution from dephosphorization slag. Selective leaching of P from slags with various basicity in the hydrochloric acid solution and chemical precipitation of phosphate ions in the leachate were investigated. Increasing slag basicity facilitated the enrichment of P 2 O 5. Large amounts of Ca, Si, and P were leached from slag, whereas the leaching of Fe was negligible. The leaching efficiency of P increased with slag basicity. At pH 3, the leaching efficiency of P from slag with high basicity reached 96.8% while that of Fe was nearly zero. Almost all the P-concentrating solid solution was dissolved without significant dissolution of the Fe-bearing matrix phase and magnesioferrite. After leaching, the residue containing 57.8% Fe 2 O 3 can be reutilized as a metallurgical feedstock. Through chemical precipitation, a precipitate containing 35.1% P 2 O 5 was recovered from the leachate, which can be used as a phosphate fertilizer. The total recovery efficiency of P from dephosphorization slag in this process reached 95.8%. [Display omitted] • The leaching efficiency of P reached 96.8% without Fe dissolution. • The Fe 2 O 3 -rich residue can be reused as a metallurgical feedstock. • A precipitate containing 35.1% P 2 O 5 was recovered from the leachate. • An efficient method for phosphate recovery from slag was provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Differences and similarities between two squids were investigated. • DG exhibited better MP stability than OB after 120 d of frozen storage. • NADP and malic enzyme initiated a rapid decrease in MP properties in OB. • Cytoskeletal proteins maintained the MP stability of DG during frozen storage. Neon flying squid (OB) and jumbo squid (DG) mantles were evaluated to reveal the similarities and differences in their physicochemical features and protein abundances. Microstructural results indicated that the OB mantle exhibited numerous myofibril fragments and disordered microstructures after frozen storage compared with DG tissues. Chemical analysis suggested that freezing resulted in a rapid decrease in myofibrillar protein (MP) content, Ca2+-ATPase activity, and total sulfhydryl content, and promoted the increase in carbonyl content of MPs in both OB and DG. While, DG presented better MP stability than OB muscle after 120 days of frozen storage. Label-free proteomic analysis detected 24 down- and 33 up-regulated differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in OB and DG mantles. Identified DAPs including isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme initiated a rapid decrease in the MP properties in OB samples. Moreover, DAPs were related to cytoskeleton function, including paramyosin, tropomyosin, and troponin C, which improved the stability of DG in response to freezing-induced changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybridization is an efficient method to breed new strains of aquatic animals. In the present study, we produced a hybrid puffer by crossing female obscure puffer with male tiger puffer. The hybrid puffer could live in fresh water like obscure puffer and exhibited growth superiority. The averaged body weight of 4- and 6-month-old hybrid puffer were respectively 38.06% and 38.93% higher than that of obscure puffer. Then, we analyzed the underlying genetic basis for the growth advantage of hybrid puffer by comparative transcriptome analysis. A total number of 4264 and 1285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were respectively identified from pituitary and liver transcriptome profiles between hybrid puffer and obscure puffer. Comprehensive analysis showed that the DEGs related with cell proliferation and differentiation, and protein synthesis and export, specifically showed higher expression levels in hybrid puffer, such as "ECM-receptor interaction", "focal adhesion", "protein export" and "protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum". While the DEGs involved in gametogenesis and carbohydrate and energy metabolism highly expressed in obscure puffer, such as "oxidative phosphorylation", "citrate cycle", "progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation" and "oocyte meiosis". Furthermore, a series of candidate genes related to the growth superiority of hybrid puffer were identified, such as fn1a , ptprc , plcg2 , igf1 , tgfβ1 , bmp4 , abl1 , col1a2 , col1a1a , and myl9a. These results will be beneficial to understand the molecular basis of growth superiority and helpful to the hybrid breeding of pufferfish. [Display omitted] • The hybrid puffer derived from obscure puffer and tiger puffer exhibited growth superiority. • The underlying molecular basis of the growth advantage was analyzed by comparative transcriptome analysis. • A series of candidate genes contributing to the growth superiority of hybrid puffer were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We evaluated the soft tissue of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after intracapsular condylar fracture. Eighteen consecutive patients (19 TMJ) were diagnosed between 1 January 2010 and 30 October 2011. They were examined using bilateral sagittal and coronal MRI, which were obtained immediately after injury to assess the displacement of the disc, whether there was a tear in capsule or the retrodiscal tissue, and whether there was an effusion in the joint. On the affected side MRI showed disc displacement in 15 of 19, tears in the capsule in 9, and tears in the retrodiscal tissue in 16. All 19 had joint effusions. It also showed 2 joints with abnormalities on the unaffected side. We conclude that MRI is useful for diagnosis and for estimating the amount of damage to the TMJ, and is helpful in planning treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A recyclable and reusable Ru/Al2O3 catalyst is prepared for hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis process of alkaline sodium borohydride (NaBH4) solution. The hydrogen generation rate by the hydrolysis and methanolysis of alkaline NaBH4 was explored as a function of NaOH concentration. Meantime, the byproducts derived from the spent alkaline NaBH4 solution were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electro microscope/energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS) and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). The effect of NaOH concentration on the hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of NaBH4 significantly depends on the type of catalysts. With increasing NaOH concentration, the hydrogen generation rates decrease when using ruthenium (Ru) composite as a catalyst. The hydrogen generation rate of the methanolysis of NaBH4 is significantly inhibited in the presence of NaOH as compared with the hydrolysis of NaBH4. The durability test of the Ru/Al2O3 catalyst shows that the hydrogen generation rate decreases with recycling and reuse. The XRD and NMR analysis results show that the borate hydrate (NaBO2 H2O) was derived from the hydrolysis of 20 wt% and 30 wt% NaBH4. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This work demonstrates the synthesis of a novel KMnO4-modified form of iron oxide, MnBT-4, using a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) for the adsorptive removal of arsenic (III)/(V). Characterization by XRD, BET, and SEM indicated that the BT-4 support was poorly crystallized goethite (α-FeOOH) with a specific surface area of 229m2 g−1. In FBR experiments of synthesizing MnBT-4, the Fe and Mn salts were found to have an optimal dosage ratio of less than 4, which maximized the KMnO4 immobilization efficiency. The immobilized Mn compounds on MnBT-4 underwent an additional oxidation step of As (III), promoting arsenic adsorption. When applied MnBT-4 for As (III) removal from solution, the sorption isotherm was accurately fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich models, while the maximum adsorption capacity of 27.4mgg−1 exceeded those of other adsorbents in the literature. Batch experimental results revealed that both raw BT-4 and MnBT-4 could take up a large amount of As (V). However, the MnBT-4 provided a substantially higher As (III) removal efficiency than BT-4. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]