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Résumé: Les infections respiratoires sont un problème de santé publique. Leur cause en est majoritairement virale chez le jeune enfant. La mise au point de techniques de détection par biologie moléculaire a permis d’en élargir le spectre virologique. L’objectif de notre travail est d’évaluer la corrélation entre les résultats des prélèvements effectués par aspiration rhinopharyngée et par lavage bronchoalvéolaire. Trente enfants présentant une symptomatologie d’infection respiratoire basse ont ainsi été prélevés aux deux sites au cours d’une même séance. Les échantillons ont été analysés par Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) virale multiplex (xTAG™RVP). Une corrélation forte est retrouvée entre la positivité de la PCR virale dans les voies respiratoires hautes et basses (p =0,0002). Le virus le plus fréquemment isolé est l’entéro-rhinovirus. Ces résultats confirment que l’infection virale touche l’appareil respiratoire de façon diffuse, et suggèrent que le prélèvement par aspiration rhinopharyngée suffit au diagnostic virologique d’une infection respiratoire virale basse chez l’enfant immunocompétent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: We report the case of an infant who underwent surgery on the first day of life for a giant omphalocele. At the age of 16 months, he presented an acute abdominal syndrome and died a few hours later. Autopsy revealed a twisted left liver lobe (LL) including a suprahepatic vein. To our knowledge, this is the first case of giant omphalocele complicated by twisted liver lobe and fatal outcome. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Many studies have investigated the effect of crude tomato peel in vivo, but no studies have determined the dose-effect of dry tomato peel (DTP) on glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and atherogenic dyslipidemia induced by a high-saturated-fat (HSF) diet in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of DTP on the levels of oxidative stress in mice fed an HSF and cholesterol-rich diet for 12 weeks. The main outcomes are glucose and insulin tolerance, plasma lipids, and hepatic steatosis and inflammation. BALB/c male mice (n=40) (8 weeks old, weighing 22.2±1.0 g) were divided into four treatment groups (10 mice/group): (a) high-fat control diet (HF Ctrl), which contains sunflower oil as a sole source of fat; (b) HSF/high-cholesterol (HC) diet; (c) HSF/HC diet supplemented with 9% DTP and (d) HSF/HC diet supplemented with 17% DTP. The HSF/HC diet significantly increased body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin and lipid peroxidation and caused the development of liver steatosis and inflammation. Supplementation with DTP increased plasma lycopene concentration and reduced the development of indicators of metabolic syndrome, with no consistent effect of the DTP dose. Hepatic steatosis and inflammation were not reversed with DTP supplementation. Among mice fed the HSF/HC diet, DTP supplementation appears to have a beneficial effect on insulin resistance, which confirms the antiatherogenic effect of DTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The aim of this study is to enrich edible oils with carotenoids and lycopene from tomato purée or tomato peel, an industrial tomato waste. These tomato derivatives were incorporated in refined olive oil, extra virgin olive oil and refined sunflower oil. The incorporation of peel enhanced the concentration of β-carotene and lycopene more than tomato purée. Furthermore, the incorporation of both tomato purée and peel induced better thermal stability of the refined olive oil compared to extra virgin oil and sunflower oil. A decrease on total phenols as well as some prooxidant activity account for this, when tomato purée was incorporated. In our oil preparations, rutin and naringenin, as flavonoids coming exclusively from tomato purée or peel, were detected. The enrichment of oils with tomato carotenoids and lycopene, in particular low quality oils like refined olive oils, might be an alternative approach to elaborate new functional foods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]