Search

Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify the molecular alterations of head and neck rhabdomyosarcomas (HNRMS) and their prognostic values.Study Design: An electronic search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science with a designed search strategy. Inclusion criteria comprised cases of primary HNRMS with an established histopathological diagnosis and molecular analysis. Forty-nine studies were included and were appraised for methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. Five studies were selected for meta-analysis.Results: HNRMS predominantly affects pediatric patients (44.4%), and the parameningeal region (57.7%) is the most common location. The alveolar variant (43.2%) predominates over the embryonal and spindle cell/sclerosing types, followed by the epithelioid and pleomorphic variants. PAX-FOXO1 fusion was observed in 103 cases of alveolar RMS (79.8%). MYOD1 mutation was found in 39 cases of sclerosing/spindle cell RMS (53.4%). FUS/EWSR1-TFCP2 gene fusions were identified in 21 cases of RMS with epithelioid and spindle cell morphologies (95.5%). The 5-year overall survival rate of patients was 61.3%, and MYOD1 mutation correlated with significantly higher mortality.Conclusion: The genotypic profile of histologic variants of HNRMS is widely variable, and MYOD1 mutation could be a potential prognostic factor, but more studies are required to establish this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this study were to evaluate the oral condition, the presence of late oral and orofacial complications and to analyze the quality of life in patients who underwent radiotherapy in the head and neck region during childhood and adolescence. A total of 52 patients were evaluated, being 53.8% males and 46.2% females. The most frequent diagnoses were Hodgkin's Lymphoma (69.2%), and the most common late alterations were trismus, prolonged retention of primary teeth, agenesis, and microdontia. For salivary flow, 19.6% of the patients had hyposalivation for stimulated saliva and 1.9% for non-stimulated saliva. The mean of visible plaque index was 7.8% and the mean of gingival bleeding index was 2.3%. As regards the International caries detection and assessment system score, 91.4% of the sample had a score of "0". Regarding the assessment of the quality of life related to oral symptoms, the domain of the questionnaire entitled "dry mouth" was the most affected in our sample, where 18.9% of the patients had xerostomia to some degree of intensity. Patients who received radiotherapy for the treatment of tumors in the head and neck in childhood and adolescence may develop late oral changes which may have an impact on their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this report was to describe a rare case of leukoplakia in a young patient without any risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma. An 18-year-old male patient presented with an asymptomatic white lesion on the right lateral border of the tongue. Microscopic examination of the excisional biopsy specimen displayed hyperkeratosis and acanthosis without epithelial dysplasia, which were consistent with the clinical diagnosis of oral leukoplakia. The patient is undergoing systematic and regular evaluation, and after 28 months of follow-up, no recurrence has been observed. This report showed that, although uncommon, adolescents and/or young adults can also be affected by oral potentially malignant disorders. Therefore, dentists should be aware of this condition to establish the proper diagnosis and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report aimed to describe an uncommon case of verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity with a unique presentation of proliferative verrucous leucoplakia. An 82-year-old female presented multiple white plaques in the oral cavity, which have been treated as candidiasis without resolution. The biopsy specimen demonstrated a well-defined squamous cell epithelium with verrucous aspects. No cellular or nuclear pleomorphism was observed. The final diagnosis was verrucous carcinoma, and the patient was referred for oncologic treatment. Although unusual, proliferative verrucous leukoplakia may mimic verrucous carcinoma and may even represent a transitional stage of this malignancy. Verrucous carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple leucoplakias, especially in elderly patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 31-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of persistent numbness on the left side of the lower lip, which began during endodontic treatment of the left mandibular first molar. Imaging exams showed a large amount of a radiopaque or hyperdense throughout the left mandibular body in close proximity to the lower alveolar nerve. Histologic analyses identified birefringent crystalloid foreign bodies widespread through soft tissue and bone leading to an inflammatory foreign body reaction, eventually demonstrated to be rich in barium and sulfur by the means of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray detection. This scenario led to the diagnosis of lower alveolar nerve injury due to accidental extrusion of intracanal dressing material composed of calcium hydroxide (CaOH 2) paste incorporated with BaSO 4. The paresthesia was treated with the combination of citoneurin and prednisone, but no improvement in nerve sensitivity was noticed after 12 months of follow-up examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]