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The rapidly growing body of research investigating media influence on body image in Latin America has not been previously comprehensively synthesised. We systematically reviewed studies of the relationships between media use/influence, body image, and sociocultural appearance ideals in Latin America (CRD42021254607). We searched PsycINFO/Medline, Pubmed, Web of Science, ERIC, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations, SciElo, and LILACS for quantitative and qualitative peer-reviewed articles and doctoral theses in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Research conducted in Latin America, published 1991–2023, measuring a) media use/influence, and b) body image or appearance ideals was included. 68 articles met inclusion criteria, and quality appraisal concluded that most were of medium/high quality. A narrative review found consistent quantitative relationships, stronger in women than men, between media use/internalisation of media ideals and both body dissatisfaction and thinner appearance ideals. In contrast, participants in qualitative studies acknowledged media influence on their body image, but perceived greater influence from family and peers. Limitations included a predominance of cross-sectional research from Brazil and Mexico with adolescents and young adults. Additional longitudinal, experimental, and interventional work from elsewhere in Latin America is needed, recruiting more diverse samples and assessing more culturally salient appearance aspects (e.g., skin tone and hair texture). • Systematic literature review (N = 68) summarising Latin American research. • Media use/internalisation was associated with higher body dissatisfaction. • Media use/internalisation was associated with thinner appearance ideals. • Qualitative studies found greater pressure from family and peers than from media. • We call for more longitudinal and experimental research in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in international waters is critical for the conservation of marine biodiversity. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) is a global leader in high seas conservation, having established two international MPAs in Antarctica's Southern Ocean, as part of a commitment to establish a representative system of MPAs for the CAMLR Convention Area. CCAMLR MPAs are adopted by consensus. However, consensus decision-making has slowed the MPA adoption process, and since 2016 the Commission has been unable to agree and implement further MPAs, which has stalled the development of the circumpolar representative system. The key aim of this study was to identify how features of the planning process contribute to outcomes, problems and solutions. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 scientists, policymakers, and expert observers from fisheries and environmental non-government organisations involved in CCAMLR MPA planning, to explore their perceptions (experiences, opinions, impressions) of the planning process. Our results identify four key features that are influential across multiple areas of the CCAMLR MPA planning and decision-making process: i) a lack of common understanding; ii) the influence of historical relationships and legacy in subsequent planning processes; iii) inconsistencies between expectations of and requirements for MPA planning; and iv) the degree to which CCAMLR principles and practices, norms, and values are shared. We demonstrate how these four features may help or hinder the effectiveness of the current planning process. We then make suggestions regarding how the planning process could be adapted to capitalise on these features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.01.056 Byline: Isabelle Coppens (1), Joe Dan Dunn (2), Julia D. Romano (1), Marc Pypaert (3), Hui Zhang (1), John C. Boothroyd (2), Keith A. Joiner (4) Abstract: The intracellular compartment harboring Toxoplasma gondii satisfies the parasite's nutritional needs for rapid growth in mammalian cells. We demonstrate that the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) of T. gondii accumulates material coming from the host mammalian cell via the exploitation of the host endo-lysosomal system. The parasite actively recruits host microtubules, resulting in selective attraction of endo-lysosomes to the PV. Microtubule-based invaginations of the PV membrane serve as conduits for the delivery of host endo-lysosomes within the PV. These tubular conduits are decorated by a parasite coat, including the tubulogenic protein GRA7, which acts like a garrote that sequesters host endocytic organelles in the vacuolar space. These data define an unanticipated process allowing the parasite intimate and concentrated access to a diverse range of low molecular weight components produced by the endo-lysosomal system. More generally, they identify a unique mechanism for unidirectional transport and sequestration of host organelles. Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA (2) Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA (3) Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA (4) Arizona Health Science Center, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA Article History: Received 4 August 2005; Revised 29 November 2005; Accepted 20 January 2006 Article Note: (miscellaneous) Published: April 20, 2006

Global marine environments are increasingly exposed to the stressors of climate change and human activities. International conservation agreements recommend establishing systems of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in each of the world's oceans to protect marine biodiversity and ensure the sustainability of socio-ecological systems. In Antarctica's Southern Ocean, the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) are incrementally planning and implementing regional MPAs, with the aim to establish a large-scale, representative circumpolar system for the Convention Area. The Domain 9 planning region, covering the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas in West Antarctica, remains unplanned for and unprotected. Here, we use a Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP) approach and planning scenarios to identify a set of spatial conservation priorities for Domain 9 that meet CCAMLR MPA objectives and are robust to various planning considerations of Southern Ocean stakeholders. We show where differences in targets and data inputs influence priority area selection and their spatial relationship with areas of fisheries interest. Our results provide priority areas for a Domain 9 MPA to contribute to the ongoing development of the circumpolar Southern Ocean MPA system, with methods that are broadly applicable for MPA planning in other Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]