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Holocaust denial literature has been treated inconsistently in library collections. At one time Holocaust denial literature was classed and subject headings assigned with Holocaust literature. After specific Library of Congress classification numbers and subject headings for Holocaust denial and Holocaust denial literature became available in the 1990s, works of Holocaust denial and Holocaust denial literature became split in library collections, both in online catalogs and on the shelves. A review of the classification and subject treatment for five well-known works of Holocaust denial was conducted in the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) member catalogs. Collocation of material on the shelves is a popular discovery tool of library users. Works classed together are assumed to be about the same topic. When works of Holocaust denial are classed with works about the Jewish Holocaust, it may inadvertently lend them credibility. Librarians have an ethical duty to reclassify works that have been misidentified in their collections. Most libraries do not collect heavily in this subject area and it would not create an undue burden to reclassify and remark these titles. It would provide a valuable service to the library user. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Uses ethnographic phenomenological approach to classification in library spaces. • Examines effect of besidedness and adjacencies for classificatory encounters. • Argues classification should be studied at the intersection of formal systems and everyday practices. • Argues libraries are potent spaces for understanding classification. This article analyses classificatory encounters in a unique library with integrated academic and public book collections. Employing Walter Benjamin's image of the organised bookshelf as a 'magic circle' of independently relating items, I follow the choreography of classification in library spaces: from the formality of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) through which books are organised, to their resulting social life on the shelves, to the way they are subsequently engaged with by users. Through ethnographic analysis of interactions with the surprising juxtapositions found on the library's bookshelves, I provide insights into the power of classification, both for socially organising knowledge and for inviting intellectually and emotionally significant encounters of subtle reclassification. I argue that while formal classification schemes may seem to fix knowledge categories, the 'magic circles' created through such schemes on the shelves suggest a more vital, vibrant and invitational dynamic. Further, I highlight the centrality of library books as material cultural objects to the potency of these classificatory encounters for those involved in them. Combining insights from prominent lines of research in cultural sociology – regarding classification and materiality – the article shows how classification matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to explore the potential of the class of recurrent neural networks in developing a classification model for the stock market. For this research, the data that replicates the entire Nasdaq stock market limit order book is used. After extracting order book attributes from the raw dataset, feature selection approaches based on conditional entropy and Stochastic Universal Sampling are proposed, in order to highlight potentially informative features for our data classification task. Furthermore, the performances of nine presented recurrent neural network models for classifying the stock market data vector into one of the labels from the set S = {buy, sell, idle} are examined. In this study, the performances of the models based on different networks, namely the gated recurrent unit, the long short-term memory, and the recurrent neural network, are compared. Using a multi-criteria approach it is concluded that the model based on the GRU topology fed with the features selected using the newly proposed feature selection method outperforms other examined models. • The performances of nine different limit order book classification models are examined. • The PROMETHEE method specifies the most suitable model among the observed models. • The proposed feature demonstrates superiority compared to other selection methods. • The models based on different neural network topologies are evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 31 landfill sites in SSA were assessed and classified into either 0 1, 2 3- or 4. • >80% of documented cases of landfill sites were either 0 or 1 and are potential environmental hazards. • 10% of the documented cases of landfill sites were assessed as level 3. • Evaluation of landfill sites classification based on library database. • Upgrading landfill sites from 0, 1–3 or 4 would require corrective intervention initiatives. Municipal solid waste (MSW) management remains a challenge in developing countries due to increasing waste generation, high costs associated with waste management and the structure of the containment systems implemented. This study analyses the classification of landfilling systems by using documented cases reported mainly in publications in waste management in relation to non-engineered landfilling systems/approved dumpsites in Sub Saharan African (SSA) countries from 2000 to 2018. The work identifies an existing system for the classification of landfill sites and utilises this system to determine the situation of landfill sites in SSA countries. Each article was categorised according to the main landfilling management practice reported: Uncontrolled dumping, semi controlled facility, medium controlled facility, medium/high-engineered facility or high state-of the-art facility. Findings suggested that 80% of the documented cases of landfill sites assessed in SSA countries were classified as level 0 or 1. The structure of the containment and controlled regime were identified by the focus group discussion participants as important predictors of possible strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for the landfill sites considered. The study represents the first identifiable and comprehensive academic evaluation of landfill site classification based on site operations reported in the available peer reviewed literature. The information provides insight on the status of landfill sites in SSA countries with respect to the landfilling management practice and a baseline for alternative corrective measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Reversible T2-hyperintensities in cranial MRI have been recently observed in infants with infantile spasms, who were treated with vigabatrin. In most cases, this phenomenon is solely been reported in neuroimaging practice without clinical relevance. We report two patients with infantile spasms, who not only developed transient T2-hyperintensities, but also presented acute encephalopathy, and extrapyramidal symptoms under vigabatrin therapy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Background: Spasticity and reduced strength are both primary neuromuscular impairments associated with cerebral palsy (CP). However, it is unclear whether spasticity or reduced strength is the strongest contributor to activity limitations. Aim: To study whether involuntary activation of the biceps brachii muscle, in addition to reduced strength, contributes to limitations in upper limb activity in children with CP. Method: Fifteen children with unilateral CP (9 males and 6 females, age range 8–17 years) participated in this study. Involuntary activation, reflecting spasticity, was studied as biceps brachii activity during passive elbow extension at four isokinetic velocities (10, 90, 180 and 300°/s). Elbow flexion peak torque, reflecting strength, was measured during maximal voluntary isometric contraction, and concurrent biceps brachii activity was registered reflecting voluntary muscle activation. Bimanual upper limb activity was assessed in the performance domain using the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA). Results: Both involuntary and voluntary muscle activation were related to activity, the former negatively, but voluntary activation showed the strongest relationship (Spearmans rho = .84). Involuntary muscle activation at 10, 90 and 180°/s was negatively related to muscle strength (Spearmans rho = −.63, −.58 and −.62, respectively). Conclusions: Our results do not indicate that spasticity affects upper limb activity in addition to strength. Most likely, muscle weakness and spasticity jointly contribute to activity limitations, reflected by the strong relationship between the ability to voluntarily activate a muscle and activity performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Gasification of tar by catalytic steam reforming was examined in the gasification process of biomass, such as dried sewage sludge and wood chips. The tar reforming characteristics of the newly-developed Ni/MgO–CaO (based on dolomite) catalyst which was doped with WO3 as a sulfur-resistant promoter, was investigated using a simulated gas containing naphthalene as tar. The result has confirmed that the developed catalyst shows a high naphthalene reforming activity and is stable even in gas containing hydrogen sulfide. The catalyst also exhibited superior resistance to coking as well as sulfur poisoning compared to several commercial steam-reforming catalysts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this paper, sludge samples that were collected from the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Psittalia (Athens, Greece) were subjected to acid treatment using sulphuric acid. Furthermore, a sequential extraction scheme was applied in order to determine the chemical forms of Ni, Cu, total Cr, Pb and Zn in sewage sludge. The optimum combination was achieved through a variety of tests by applying a ratio of 1:5 of sludge quantity (g) per volume of acid (mL). The concentration of the acid used was in the range of 10–20% at two different temperatures (25–80°C) and the contact times ranged from 1 to 60 min. The optimum combination was achieved when the sludge samples were in contact with H2SO4 (20%) for 30 min at 80°C, as these experimental conditions resulted in the highest heavy metal removal efficiency. In addition, the metal distribution in the residue was investigated and the heavy metal partitioning was found to be different after acid treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Eclogites from the Western Gneiss Region (WGR), Norway, that formed over a wide range in temperature (∼600 °C to >850 °C) and pressure (high- and ultrahigh-pressure conditions; UHP) have a diverse range of Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd ages that correlate with their P–T histories. Three eclogites (∼676–850 °C and ∼2.0–2.85 GPa) yield Lu–Hf ages of 419.5±4.3 Ma, 416.3±3.7 and 412.0±4.7 Ma, and two Sm–Nd ages of 402.7±4.6 and 398.3±5.5 Ma. The former are interpreted to date early garnet growth and the latter are interpreted to date near-peak metamorphism. These results support previous proposals that, for eclogites which recrystallized below Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd closure temperatures, the differences in ages for the two isotopic systems constrain the period of prograde garnet growth. In the case of the WGR, garnet growth is estimated to have occurred over a period of at least 20 m.y., beginning at ∼425–420 Ma. In contrast, two UHP eclogites (>800 °C and >3 GPa) yield significantly younger and overlapping Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd ages of 390–370 Ma; these ages are significantly younger than ages that are generally accepted for peak eclogite-facies conditions in the WGR, although they overlap 40Ar/39Ar ages that have been previously determined on white mica from the same samples or localities, indicating that the Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd ages may reflect rapid exhumation and cooling during the latest stages of HP and UHP metamorphism in the WGR. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The study describes extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from sewage sludge by applying enzymes and enzymes combined with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). Additionally, a systematic study of two non-enzymatic extraction agents is described. The assessment of the released products is made by colorimetrical methods and polysaccharides/glycoconjugates identification by the interaction with four immobilized lectins. Bio-sludge from Helsingborg (Sweden) and Damhusåen (Denmark) were used as two case studies for testing enzymatic extractability and thereby to make useful prediction of sludge bio-digestibility. From Helsingborg sludge the enzymes extracted about 40% more of EPS than from Damhusåen. The polysaccharides/glycoconjugates in both sludges maintained the same level, and showed substantial different interaction motifs with lectins panel. Damhusåen enzymatic extracted EPS had an enhanced amount of suspended material that was post-hydrolysed by the use of polygalacturonase and lysozyme resulting in pectin like polymers and petiptidoglycans. Petiptidoglycan is a marker from bacterial cell debris. STPP and cation exchange resin (CER) released different quantities of EPS. The CER released polysaccharides/glycoconjugates had higher molecular weight and stronger affinity towards Concanavalin A than the one released by the action of STPP. Independent of the extraction conditions, STPP released elevated amounts of polyvalent cations and humic substances in contrast to the very low amounts of released by CER. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Focuses on two reference materials on library cataloging and classification. `Added Access Points in Thesis Cataloging: Enhancing Public Service without Running Athwart Input Standards,' by Kay E. Lowell; `Cataloging Procedures on the Web: The Greatest Thing since MARC,' by Virginia M. Scheschy.

Presents books on cataloging and classification. Includes `Cataloging Internet Resources: Survey and Prospectus,' by Eric Jul; `A Survey on the Outsourcing of Cataloging in Academic Libraries,' by Katherine A. Libby and Dana M. Caudle; `Descriptive Cataloging for the AACR2R and USMARC: A How-To-Do-It Workbook,' by Larry Milsap and Terry Ellen Ferl.

Presents abstracts of articles on cataloging and classification of books. Includes `Options in Classification Available Through Modern Technology,' by Gertrude S. Koh; `Electronic Dewey: The CD-ROM version of the Dewey Decimal Classification,' by Ross Trotter; `Bibliographic Control at the Crossroads,' by F.H. Ayres.

• Ultrafast 2D-IR spectroscopic detection and classification of bacterial spores. • 2D-IR spectra of Bacillus atrophaeus and Bacillus thuringiensis spores. • 2D-IR spectra of the calcium dipicolinate CaDP·3H 2 O biomarker for sporulation. Ultrafast 2D-IR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for understanding the spectroscopy and dynamics of biological molecules in the solution phase. A number of recent studies have begun to explore the utility of the information-rich 2D-IR spectra for analytical applications. Here, we report the application of ultrafast 2D-IR spectroscopy for the detection and classification of bacterial spores. 2D-IR spectra of Bacillus atrophaeus and Bacillus thuringiensis spores as dry films on CaF 2 windows were obtained. The sporulated nature of the bacteria was confirmed using 2D-IR diagonal and off-diagonal peaks arising from the calcium dipicolinate CaDP·3H 2 O biomarker for sporulation. Distinctive peaks, in the protein amide I region of the spectrum were used to differentiate the two types of spore. The identified marker modes demonstrate the potential for the use of 2D-IR methods as a direct means of spore classification. We discuss these new results in perspective with the current state of analytical 2D-IR measurements, showing that the potential exists to apply 2D-IR spectroscopy to detect the spores on surfaces and in suspensions as well as in dry films. The results demonstrate how applying 2D-IR screening methodologies to spores would enable the creation of a library of spectra for classification purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Verb categories can be formed based on their connotative meaning. • The classification of verbs might differ based on embodied experience. • For Germans and Koreans most verb categories were crosslingual. • The significant differences for abstract verbs may depend on cultural differences. • A single verb classification system for German and Korean language is problematic. Although there are different approaches to classifying verb categories, the approaches are often not consistent with the results of experimental studies investigating the neurocognitive reality of the categories. One proposal for addressing these inconsistencies is embodiment theory, which states that verbs can be categorized based on accompanying sensorimotor mental simulations. Despite numerous studies on this topic, it remains unclear whether verbs can actually be categorized by means of these sensorimotor simulations and whether these categories are crosslingual. In this study, verbs were examined using the semantic differential in 106 native German and Korean speakers. The aim was to determine with which semantic dimensions each verb can be described and whether verb subcategories can be defined. We were able to show that every verb has an individual semantic profile and that subcategories of verbs exist. For the German and Korean participants, most of the verb categories were comparable and therefore mostly crosslingual. However, there were also distinct subcategories of verbs which can probably be correlated with subtle cognitive and experience-based differences between the participating groups. We conclude from this research that it is problematic to use a single verb classification system for the German and Korean languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Allele frequencies of the STR loci included in the AmpFlSTR SGM Plus kit were determined in 1000 unrelated individuals from all regions of Norway. For the 10 autosomal STR loci the observed heterozygosity frequencies ranged from 0.766 (D16S539) to 0.885 (D2S1338). No significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was observed. The exact test disequilibrium analysis revealed one departure from independence out of 45 pairwise comparisons. Calculations of θ coefficients for all 10 loci in two additional subpopulations of different geographical origin revealed an overall value of θ =0.002. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The goal of this paper is to introduce LAC, a new Java Library for Associative Classification. LAC is the first tool that covers the full taxonomy of this classification paradigm through 10 well-known proposals in the field. Furthermore, it includes several measures to quantify the quality of the solutions as well as different input/output data formats. Last but not least, the library also provides a framework to automate experimental studies, supporting both sequential and parallel executions. Thanks to the GPLv3 license, LAC is totally free, open-source and publicly available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quarterly Literature Listing is intended as a current awareness service for readers indicating newly published books, journal and conference articles on: patent search techniques, databases, analysis and classifications; patent searcher certification; patents relating to a) life sciences and pharmaceuticals and b) software; patent policy and strategic issues; trade marks; designs; domain names; and articles reviewing historical aspects of intellectual property or reviewing specific topics/persons. The current Literature Listing was compiled end-November 2019. Key resources used are Scopus, Digital Commons, publishers' RSS feeds, and serendipity! Please feel free to send the author details of newly published reports/monographs/books for potential inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quarterly Literature Listing is intended as a current awareness service for readers indicating newly published books, journal and conference articles on: patent search techniques, databases, analysis and classifications; patent searcher certification; patents relating to a) life sciences and pharmaceuticals and b) software; patent policy and strategic issues; trade marks; designs; domain names; and articles reviewing historical aspects of intellectual property or reviewing specific topics/persons. The current Literature Listing was compiled end-August 2019. Key resources used are Scopus, Digital Commons, publishers' RSS feeds, and serendipity! Please feel free to send the author details of newly published reports/monographs/books for potential inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summarizes journal articles on library cataloging & classification. Includes `Describing Remote Electronic Documents in the Online Catalog: Current Issues,' by Kyle Banerjee, published in `Cataloging and Classification Quarterly,' `An Empirical Examination of Subject Headings for Women's Studies Core Materials,' by Kristin Gerhard et at published in `College & Research Libraries.'