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[Display omitted] • A new way to synthesize hybrid cathode materials was proposed. • Self-reconstruction of metal ions on the cathode surface was observed. • The electrochemical reaction activity and stability of BSCF-based materials were improved. • The cell performance was boosted with the modified cathode. Developing new strategies to synthesize cathode materials with improved performances is very valuable to, but remains a huge challenge in the research of protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs). Herein, we proposed a new pathway for the syntheses of hybrid cathode, and experimentally verify its applicability in the modification of Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3−δ (BSCF)-based cathode in PCFCs. The strategy is characteristic by successfully achieving sufficient interfacial metal ion diffusion, which strongly strengthens the combination intensity between different type of grains. Consequently, the electrochemical reactions of the hybrid are expected to be boosted, indicating a promising cathode material for PCFCs. Experimentally, the button cell on BaZr 0.4 Ce 0.4 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3-δ (BZCYYb4411) electrolyte showed a peak power density (PPD) as high as 632 mW/cm2 at 650 °C, compared to the value of 372 mW/cm2 of the cell with the cathode obtained through traditional ball-milling method under the same conditions. The new strategy proposed in this work might be rewarding for in-depth design of hybrid cathode that are suitable for PCFCs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Membrane PD-L1 expression was rarely observed in the presence of ALK rearrangements. • Tumor bed infiltration CD8 + T cell more frequent in tumors with ALK mutations. • CD8+ T cells infiltrating ALK+ tumors were unable to express IFNG. Several lines of evidence have demonstrated that programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors as monotherapies for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer have little clinical activity. The underlying mechanisms remain not understood. In this study, using immunohistochemistry and in situ RT-PCR assays, we examined the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), PD-1, CD8, and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in tumors. Both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive tumors were associated with low or absent membrane PD-L1 expression. Interestingly, unlike EGFR-mutant tumors with few tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, a significant number of PD-1-positive CD8+ T cells infiltrated the ALK-positive tumor bed; however, these cells did not express IFNG mRNA. These results demonstrate that the ALK-positive tumor microenvironment suppresses the immune function of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells through a PD-1/PD-L1-independent mechanism, which might lead to the inability of ALK-positive tumors to respond to PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Combined cellulose, chitosan and filler to create the efficient adsorbents. • The CCM-AC displayed high adsorption efficiency and capacity of tylosin from water. • The adsorption rate of tylosin on CCM-AC was affected by the size-exclusion effect. • The adsorption effect was best under neutral conditions. • Three possible mechanisms were suggested to describe tylosin adsorption. Abstract Antibiotic pollution in tap water, surface water, and effluent needs to be controlled in China. Adsorption is an economical and eco-friendly way to solve the antibiotic contamination problem, such as tylosin. In this study, the chitosan/cellulose nanocomposite adsorbents entrapped with activated carbon are prepared by a sol-gel phase inversion method. Structures and properties of the adsorbents are characterized by SEM, EDXS, BET, XRD, FTIR XPS and Zeta potentials. The adsorption behavior of CCM-AC on tylosin is determined by batch and fixed-bed adsorption experiments, while their adsorption mechanism is also studied. The maximum adsorption capacity is 59.26 mg g−1, while the adsorption behavior is in accordance with the Langmuir equation and pseudo-second-order kinetics. These results confirm that the tylosin adsorption process is affected by chemical and physical interactions, and the adsorbent can be captured by tylosin with H-bond, electrostatic and π-π electron-donor-acceptor interaction. Adsorption experiments are significantly affected by pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]