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Toluene, a kind of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), serves as a vital constituent of PM2.5 and acts as a notable precursor to ozone. To improve the adsorption performance of adsorbents for toluene, MIL-101(Cr)-XmM with high porosity were synthesized using an in-situ growth restriction strategy. This research reveals that the solvation effect influences the rate of crystal nucleation and growth, leading to variations in the ratio of micropores to mesopores and overall porosity in MIL-101(Cr)-XmM. The high porosity of MIL-101(Cr)-1.6 mM facilitates a higher diffusion rate of particles and exposes a greater number of alkaline sites. Consequently, the adsorption performance of MIL-101(Cr)-1.6 mM for toluene demonstrates a remarkable 240 % improvement compared to that of MIL-101(Cr)-1.2 mM. Molecular simulations unveils the impact of adsorption temperature, demonstrating the crucial role of van der Waals interactions in the adsorption of toluene, with a noteworthy inhibition of van der Waals interactions observed upon heating. Density functional theory(DFT) simulations show that toluene molecules tend to preferentially adsorb near the benzene ring of the ligand, primarily due to π-π stacking interactions. Simultaneously, the electrophilic channel with greater porosity can gather more nucleophilic groups, thereby enhancing the adsorption performance of toluene. [Display omitted] • The in-situ restricted growth strategy successfully balanced the rates of crystal nucleation and growth. • The adsorption performance of MIL-101(Cr)-1.6 mM for toluene demonstrates a remarkable 240 % improvement. • The increased porosity accelerated the adsorption rate during the intraparticle diffusion step. • Toluene molecules tended to preferentially adsorb near the benzene ring of the ligand due to π-π stacking interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Establishment of column fractional governing equation based on viscoelastic model. • Deformation and stress obtained with shifted Chebyshev algorithm in time domain. • Convergence analysis proves high accuracy and efficiency of developed algorithm. • Performance testing with different materials under various load conditions. • Sensitivity analysis of fractional Kelvin–Voigt model in numerical simulations. An innovative numerical procedure for solving the viscoelastic column problem based on fractional rheological models, directly in the time domain, is investigated. Firstly, the governing equation is established according to the fractional constitutive relation. Secondly, the resulting equation is transformed into algebraic equation and solved by using the shifted Chebyshev wavelet function. Furthermore, the convergence analysis and the retained numerical benchmarks are carried out to validate the performance of the proposed method. A small value of the absolute error between numerical and accurate solution is obtained. Finally, the dynamic analysis of viscoelastic beam-column problems is investigated with different cross-section shape (circular and square) under various loading conditions (axial compressive force and harmonic load). The displacement, strain and stress of the viscoelastic column at different time and position are determined. The deformation and stress of the viscoelastic column of different materials under the same loading condition are compared. The results in the paper show the highly accuracy and efficiency of the proposed numerical algorithm in the dynamical stability analysis of the viscoelastic column. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• More driving retirement planning was related to higher driving stress. • More driving retirement planning was related to less driving confidence. • A more positive view of driving alternatives predicted increased planning. • Lower income and Black (compared to White) race were related to more planning. • Driving enjoyment and concerning driving events were not related to planning. Most older adults will eventually stop driving, but few engage in planning for driving retirement. This study assessed whether driving stress, enjoyment, confidence, concerning driving events, and assessment of driving alternatives influence planning. Demographic factors were also included. Data were collected via a mailed transportation survey, with a final sample of 551 older adults who currently drive. Linear regression analyses revealed that more driving retirement planning was associated with greater driving stress, less driving confidence, and a more positive view of driving alternatives. Driving enjoyment and recent concerning driving events were not significantly related. Among the control variables, race and income were significantly related to planning, suggesting that lower income and identifying as Black race were associated with more planning. Gender only approached significance, suggesting that females may plan more than males. Overall, these findings suggest that more driving retirement planning is warranted. Some of the groups known to be at increased risk for driving reduction and cessation plan more for that eventuality than their counterparts. Implications of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, broadband luminosity was used to detect ignition delay and diffused back-illumination extinction imaging was employed to measure soot property with different double-injection strategies in a constant volume combustion chamber under different ambient conditions. The interaction between the two-stage injections have been studied experimentally with two key parameters, dwell time and first injection duration. Results show that in two-stage injection cases, a faster flame propagation speed and a more homogeneous soot concentration distribution were observed in the second injection. Besides, averaged KL value in soot regions of the second injection is slightly less than that of the first one. The first injection has a better effect on the ignition delay of the second injection under low ambient pressure. Meanwhile, the soot onset time of the second injection is advanced more obviously. However, compared with the first injection, the advance amount of the ignition delay and the soot onset time of the second injection shows no particular sensitivity with ambient temperature. With longer pilot injection duration, the initial sooting location of the main injection shows a slight reduction but the total soot mass seems to be constant with the variation of the pilot injection duration. • Faster flame penetration and more homogenous soot distribution were shown in the second injection. • It is not sensitive to facilitate the ignition and soot onset time of the second injection with ambient temperature variation. • Obvious improvement on the ignition without penalty of soot production is found in the second injection at low ambient pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, diffused back-illumination extinction imaging and OH* chemiluminescence imaging were employed simultaneously to measure the soot production, spray liquid length and flame lift-off length. These experiments were conducted in a high-temperature, high-pressure constant-volume combustion chamber equipped with a common-rail fuel injector with a single 180-μm-diameter orifice. Soot formation characteristics of a blend fuel (B50) with 50% hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel (HCB) and 50% 0# fossil diesel in mass were studied. Besides, the pure 0# fossil diesel (B0) under the same operating conditions was also measured as a reference. Parametric variations of injection pressure (100 MPa, 150 MPa), ambient temperature (770 K, 820 K, 870 K) and oxygen concentration (15%, 18%, 21%) have been performed for each fuel. After analysis, it was found both liquid length and flame lift-off length of B50 are shorter than that of B0. Soot onset time of B50 appears earlier and soot initial location is closer to the nozzle than that of B0. Within the measured optical access, soot area of B50 is larger than that of B0 because of shorter lift-off length, while the difference on total soot production is less noticeable because fuel properties of B0 is more favorable for soot formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripheral nerve injuries can cause serious health problems, even life-long disability. Although several engineering modalities have been developed for peripheral nerve regeneration, severe injuries that leave large gaps in peripheral nerves remain challenging to repair. Here, we report a biomaterial-based sono-electro-mechanical therapeutic system for long-gap peripheral nerve repair through harnessing both bioelectric and biomechanical modalities with neural regenerative potential. Applying implantable, biodegradable piezoelectric nanotracts composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), we show significant regenerative performance by the synergy of ultrasound-activated electric stimulation and nanotopography-based contact guidance. Specifically, using cell culture models, we demonstrate sono-electro-mechanical promotion of pro-regeneration Schwann cell functions and neuronal growth in vitro. Mimicking long nerve gaps in humans, we use a rat model with a 15 mm sciatic nerve defect and show restoration of complex motor functions and axonal maturity by our sono-electro-mechanical therapeutic system at levels comparable with standard-of-care autograft treatment in vivo. Together, this study provides a previously unappreciated multimodal engineering strategy with great potential for clinical treatment of long-gap peripheral nerve injuries. [Display omitted] • A nanomaterial-based sono-electro-mechanical therapeutic system for long-gap peripheral nerve repair. • Regenerative boost by the synergy of ultrasound-activated electric stimulation and nanotopography-based guidance in vitro. • Successful restoration of complex motor functions and axonal maturity in vivo by sono-electro-mechanical therapeutic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Our paper reexamines the predictability of macroeconomic variables in China over a long period. • Five of nine macroeconomic variables have senior in- and out-of-sample predictability. • Moreover, the forecasting results can generate significant economic value for investors. Our paper reexamines the predictability of macroeconomic variables in China over a long period. Contrary to the findings in developed markets that macroeconomic variables have poor in- and out-of-sample forecasting performance in predicting equity premiums, we find that five of nine macroeconomic variables have senior in- and out-of-sample predictability at monthly and longer horizons. Moreover, the forecasting results can generate significant economic value for investors. Our study provides new evidence for Chinese stock prediction using macroeconomic variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study mainly constructs Chinese macroeconomic attention indices (CMAI). • We use the CMAI to test the predictive ability of this newly constructed index. • The results show that the CMAI of GDP is the best predictor of SSEC return. This study mainly constructs Chinese macroeconomic attention indices (CMAI) based on the Shanghai composite index stock bar of Guba Eastmoney, and takes the Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite (SSEC) return as an example to test the predictive ability of this newly constructed index. The results show that the CMAI of GDP is the best predictor of SSEC return. In addition, the diffusion index extracted by three dimensionality reduction methods as well as five forecast combinations also perform well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Static models for a single row and a double row four-point contact pitch bearing, taking into account the clearances therein, were presented. A precise computation method was proposed for the static load-carrying capacity curves of such pitch bearings, which can be used to pre-select pitch bearings and slewing bearings supposing rigid bearing rings. The effects on the static load-carrying capacity induced by changing the clearance, the raceway groove radius of curvature, and initial contact angle were analysed. The clearance has a significant effect on the static load-carrying capacity of the bearing only in load cases with a rather small axial force and a large tilting moment. When the coefficient of raceway groove curvature radius increases, the static load-carrying capacity decreases. The smaller the radial load, the more significant the effect of the coefficient of raceway groove curvature radius on the static load-carrying capacity of the bearing. When radial loads range from 0 to 800 kN, the load-carrying capacity increases with increasing initial contact angle. When the radial loads are above 800 kN, the load-carrying capacity decreases with increasing initial contact angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hard and brittle iron intermetallic compounds (IMCs) will be formed during solidification due to the existence of iron element in Aluminum alloy. These IMCs will cause cracks or fractures in the material, which can deteriorate the mechanical properties. Synchrotron X-ray tomography were used to study the real time formation and growth dynamics of IMCs in Al-10 wt.%Si-1 wt.%Fe alloy during solidification under transverse magnetic field (TMF). The results indicated that the precipitation behavior of IMCs was significantly affected by 0.07 T TMF. The IMCs were observed to form only on the periphery of the sample under TMF, comparing with random distribution without TMF. In addition, the growth dynamics of IMCs were also affected by TMF. When solidified without TMF, an explosive nucleation and growth of IMCs was presented at the intermediate solidification stage, where a large number of fine IMCs precipitated at the entire regions of the sample. In contrast, the IMCs located at the periphery areas were observed to grow steadily under TMF. The growth rate and formation mechanism of IMCs were also quantified and revealed, showing difference with and without TMF. The tip growth rate was relatively stable when solidified with TMF, while an accelerating growth stage was presented when TMF is absent. The discrepancy in precipitation behavior of IMCs could be best explained as the convection of the melt resulted from the applied TMF. The TMF was demonstrated to generate a directional flow with a velocity of ∼3.3 mm/s. The flow was supposed to drive the Fe solute from the center to the edge of the sample, providing enough Fe solute for IMCs to nucleate and grow on the surface of the sample. In addition, due to the influence of TMF induced flow on the distribution of Fe solute and temperature, the morphology and tip growth rate of IMCs were also affected. The result presented in current study provides the possibility to regulate the precipitation behavior of Fe-rich IMCs in Al alloys. The imposed TMF also shows the potential application in Fe removal by driving the Fe solute to the surface of sample in Al alloys. • Growth dynamic of Fe-intermetallic was studied in-situ by X-ray under magnetic field. • Magnetic field affect the precipitation amount and behavior of Fe-intermetallic. • The Fe solute directionally flow toward the edge of sample under magnetic field. • Fe-intermetallics prefer to nucleate on the oxide layer under magnetic field. • Magnetic field can be used to remove Fe-intermetallic from aluminum alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents herein pertains the experimental and numerical investigations on axial compressive behavior of square concrete-filled stainless steel tube (CFSST) columns after high-temperature sliding. A total of 117 CFSST specimens were tested under axial compression loading. The design variables included tube thickness, temperature, duration, and concrete compressive strength. Test results indicated that the initial stiffness of square CFSST short columns was degenerated due to high-temperature sliding. CFSST specimens exhibited a 62.7% lowest residual strength at 1000 °C. The influence of high-temperature duration on the residual strength of square CFSST short columns after high-temperature sliding was limited. The residual strength of specimens was positively correlated with the thickness and concrete strength. All square CFSST columns after high-temperature sliding experienced an outward local buckling under axial compression. Finite element models of square CFSST columns after high-temperature sliding are established and validated against the experimental results. In addition, the parameter formulae of residual strength for CFSST columns after high-temperature sliding were proposed, which achieved high accuracy. This research results could provide strengthening reference for the application of CFSST columns after high-temperature sliding. • Axial compressive behavior of square CFSST columns after high-temperature sliding were investigated in this paper. • The effects of tube thickness, temperature, duration, and concrete compressive strength are analyzed. • Finite element model (FEM) of square CFSST columns after high-temperature sliding were established. • Parameter formula was proposed to estimate residual strength for square CFSST columns after high-temperature sliding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript proposed a new approach to manufacture SiBOC ceramic samples with complex structures via DLP 3D printing technique from ceramic precursors. High ceramic yield photosensitive SiBOC resin for 3D printing was synthesized based on the condensation reaction of boric acid and siloxanes. The stability of printed block samples significantly improved by increasing the content of diethoxydimethyl silane. And this strategy was applicable to most systems of UV cured ceramic precursors. The DLP-printed SiBOC ceramics maintained high ceramic yield (>76 %) and exhibited perfect 25 % isotropic shrinkage after pyrolysis at 1000 ℃. They experienced only a 0.5 % weight loss in an argon environment at 1450 ℃, and exhibited better mechanical properties at 1000 ℃ compared to room temperature. The results indicated that the DLP-printed SiBOC ceramics had excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties, which could significantly expand the application range of SiBOC ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The spray properties of liquid ammonia is studied in a constant pressure vessel at an injection pressure level up to 800 bar. • A slower initial penetratration and shorter quasi-steady liquid length of ammonia is observed compared to diesel. • Parametric trends are similar to diesel when changing ambient density, temperature, injection pressure and nozzle diameter. • 1D spray model results suggest the adequacy of mixing-controlled spray hypotheses for ammonia under non-reacting conditions. Ammonia is seen as a promising fuel to replace fossil fuels internal combustion engines, given the advantages of zero carbon emission and extensive experience in its synthesis at large scale. The ignition of ammonia in direct injection engine is still a challenge due to its unfavorable combustion characteristics, but the investigation of ammonia spray characteristics is an important step to shed light on the optimum combustion strategy. In this paper, the evolution of direct injection ammonia sprays was measured at engine-like conditions generated in a constant pressure facility by means of diffused back-illumination imaging and schlieren. In a first step, ammonia spray behavior is compared against that of Diesel fuel. Experimental results show a slower penetration of ammonia mainly due to a lagging starting penetration phase, which cannot be later recovered. In terms of liquid length, initial stages show the same pattern as for ammonia, while a shorter stabilized liquid length can be observed. Parametric trends over different operating conditions show a similar behavior to Diesel against ambient density and temperature, as well as with injection pressure and nozzle diameter. Such results, backed up by the application of a 1D spray model developed for Diesel-like fuels, suggest that ammonia sprays under non-reacting conditions have a mixing-controlled evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most popular synthetic fuels (E-fuels), Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers(PODE X) have garnered significant attention among researchers in the compression ignition engine field. This work aims to provide an exhaustive analysis of the combustion characteristics of PODE 3 , which typically constitutes the primary component of PODE X. This research seeks to deepen our understanding of the flame structure of PODE 3 , particularly in relation to ambient temperature variation, and unravel the underlying mechanisms driving the observed trends. To achieve this aim, a range of optical techniques was employed within a high-temperature high-pressure combustion vessel to quantify various general combustion parameters and assess OH* chemiluminescence, formaldehyde, and soot distribution. Two additional reference fuels, pure n-dodecane and a blend of 50 % vol n-dodecane and 50 % vol PODE 3 were also tested. Additionally, some analysis from chemical kinetics and 1D spray model calculations were used to substantiate the experimental observations. The findings reveal that the flame structure of PODE 3 differs significantly from traditional diffusion flames associated with diesel-like sprays. The flame lift-off length (LOL) of PODE 3 aligns closely with that of n-dodecane, and maintains the two-lobe structure under high-temperature conditions. In contrast, under low ambient temperatures, the LOL of PODE 3 significantly extends, accompanied by a concentration of OH* radicals at the spray center. The notable sensitivity of PODE 3 flames to temperature variation is related to the chemical kinetics of formaldehyde and CO. As a result of the analysis, conceptual models of PODE 3 flames under varying temperatures were proposed in the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogenated Catalytic Biodiesel (HCB), with excellent volatility and cetane number while without contain oxygen and aromatic hydrocarbons, have great potential to improve engine performance and emission characteristics. In this study, the effect of HCB/Diesel blended fuels properties (by mass fraction of biodiesel in diesel) on spray combustion characteristics was investigated at inert and reacting conditions in a constant volume combustion chamber. Laser (532 nm) Mie-scattering, OH∗ chemiluminescence and high-temperature luminosity were used to capture the spray liquid length, flame lift-off length and ignition delay simultaneously with the help of two intensifier charge coupled device cameras and a high speed Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor camera. Encouraging results were obtained at different ambient conditions (temperatures, densities, oxygen concentration) and injection pressures. The results showed that fuels with high cetane number generate shorter ignition delay, and faster auto-ignition results in a shorter flame lift-off length. A new theory was used to interpret the effect of cetane number on lift-off length. Under reacting conditions, the combustion heat release shorten spray liquid length apparently as compared with the results under inert conditions. The liquid length was slightly affected by the injection pressure and oxygen concentrations under both reacting and inert conditions, while the flame lift-off length is significantly influenced by ambient parameters and injection pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We realized the excellent confinement of carriers in single-layer InAs quantum dots (QDs) via introducing two AlGaAs confining layers (CLs), and then fabricated the corresponding rolled-up InGaAs/GaAs QD microtubes by conventional photolithography and wet-etching. Subsequently, the as-fabricated AlGaAs confined QD microtubes were transferred to a Si-based SiO x substrate using a simple liquid-assisted substrate-on-substrate transfer process, thus obtaining the microtube ring resonators. Through micro-photoluminescence (µPL) measurement, optical modes were observed at room temperature and a maximum Q-factor of ~ 550 was demonstrated. In order to clearly show the effect of AlGaAs CLs, we also fabricated and transferred QD microtubes without AlGaAs CLs for comparison. µPL spectra collected at 80 K confirmed that the PL intensity of the central optical mode was increased ~ 10 times with the assistance of AlGaAs CLs. We have confidence that QD microtube ring resonators can be further improved through the incorporation of double-layer QDs together with AlGaAs CLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xiebai is an edible Chinese herb with various health and therapeutic benefits. To evaluate its nutritional and health values, the free amino acids and derivatives of its two botanical origins (i.e., Allium chinense G. Don and Allium macrostemon Bunge) were isolated using a solvent extraction method and analyzed using automatic amino acid analysis and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight (UPLC-Q-TOF) mass spectrometry. Our data show that both plants contain abundant free amino acids, and the amount of total free amino acids in A. chinense G. Don is higher than that in A. macrostemon Bunge. The free amino acid compositions in the two plants are qualitatively similar, including nineteen proteinogenic and four non-proteinogenic amino acids. The identified proteinogenic amino acids include eight essential amino acids and five semi-essential amino acids. The sum of essential and semi-essential amino acids accounts for 64.9% and 69.7% of the total free amino acids of the two plants, respectively. The principal amino acids of both plants, from highest concentration to lowest concentration, are arginine, glutamine, glutamic acid, asparagine and serine. A. chinense G. Don is also rich in citrulline and lysine. In addition, two amino acid derivatives were identified from the two plants, i.e., the proline analog N ‑methyl‑proline and the dipeptide H-Glu-Tyr-OH. For the first time, the presence of N ‑methyl‑proline in the plants of the Allium genus and the presence of H-Glu-Tyr-OH in unprocessed food sources are reported. The influences of the identified substances on the flavor, nutrition and health values of Xiebai are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneous imaging of OH ∗ chemiluminescence and Mie scattering of fuel spray have been performed under reacting conditions in a constant volume combustion chamber aimed for a second-generation biodiesel/diesel blended fuel. Mie scattering of 532 nm laser light technique was used for the liquid fuel measurement. In order to remove the interference signal from soot radial, filtered Mie scattered light from the fuel droplet was recorded with a charge coupled device (CCD) camera. The spray liquid length and the flame lift-off length for this high cetane-number fuel were investigated under different ambient gas conditions (temperature, density, oxygen concentration) and injection pressure. Experiments showed that the spray liquid length under the reacting condition was shorter than that under non-reacting condition. The flame lift-off length was significantly influenced by the ambient gas temperature, density, oxygen concentration and injection pressure, while the spray liquid length was slightly affected by the injection pressure and oxygen concentration. The overlap between liquid fuel and combustion flame easily happened at high temperature, high oxygen concentration, and low injection pressure conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A sustainable solid waste mixture-solidifier was developed. • The mixture-solidifier can improve strength, brittleness, and impermeability. • The mixture-solidifier is beneficial to the transition of copper to stable states. • The leaching toxicity of contaminated soil is analyzed. • The microstructure and mechanism of the solidified soil are investigated. In this paper, two aspects of studies are carried out: (1) synthesis of solid waste-mixture solidifier by using red mud, calcium carbide residue, and phosphogypsum; (2) solidification behaviors of the solid waste-mixture in the presence of Cu2+ ion. The performance of solidified soil was assessed by performing mechanical, permeability, and microstructure tests on samples. The results show that solid waste-mixture can improve the strength, brittleness, and impermeability of the contaminated soil, while the effect of Cu2+ ion is completely opposite. Additionally, the dominant heavy metal form in the solid waste-mixture solidified soil is iron-manganese oxide. The addition of solid waste is more conducive to the transformation of heavy metals to a stable form. The leaching toxicity values of solid waste-mixture solidified soil all meet the relevant standard and the effect is better than that of cement. Besides, the heavy metal can be fastened in the solidified soil through the precipitation, absorption of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), and ion exchange of ettringite (AFt). In sum, it implied that the solid waste mixture had a potential application for the solidification of Cu2+-contaminated soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methanol has been considered as a promising alternative fuel for combustion engines. However, it is quite challenging to use it directly in compressed ignition engines because of its ignition issues, especially for low load conditions. In this research, methanol was blended with hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel (HCB) using n-octanol as co-solvent. A fundamental study on spray and combustion characteristics of two ternary blends (68% HCB+17% octanol+ 15% methanol by volume; 58% HCB+17% octanol+ 25% methanol by volume) and the pure HCB was carried out within a constant volume combustion chamber equipped with a single-hole injector. As in Part Ⅰ, the spray morphology, ignition delay, and flame lift-off length have been studied in detail. This part focuses on liquid length and in-flame soot formation of reacting sprays, which were quantified utilizing a diffused back-illumination extinction imaging technique. There is an overlapping area between the fuel liquid phase and flame for all three fuels under all operating points. The reduction on liquid length after ignition is more noticeable for pure HCB than other blends, because of its shorter lift-off length. The results show that the liquid length increases with increasing fraction of methanol in the mixtures, which is mainly governed by the high latent heat of vaporization of methanol. Furthermore, extra methanol addition brings a considerable reduction on in-flame soot production because of the leaner fuel combustion at longer flame lift-off length, as well as the more oxygen content within the blends. • Methanol was blended with hydrogenated catalytic biodiesel using n-octanol as co-solvent. • The liquid length and in-flame soot of the ternary blends were measured utilizing a DBI technique. • Liquid length increases with higher methanol fraction because of its high latent heat of vaporization. • Extra methanol addition brings a considerable reduction on in-flame soot production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]