Search

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare, idiopathic, and non-neoplastic histio-proliferative disease that is uncommon in the central nervous system. Hence, reports of management of RDD in the skull base are scarce and only a few studies on skull base RDD are available. The objective of this study was to analyze the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of RDD in the skull base and explore an appropriate treatment strategy thereof. Nine patients with clinical characteristics and follow-up data from our department between 2017 and 2022 were included in this study. From this information, the clinical profiles, imaging, treatment, and prognosis data were collected. There were 6 male and 3 female patients with skull base RDD. These patients ranged in age from 13 to 61 years, with a median age of 41 years. The locations included 1 anterior skull base orbital apex, 1 parasellar region, 2 sellar regions, 1 petroclivus, and 4 foramen magnum regions. Six patients underwent total resection and 3 underwent subtotal resection. Patient follow-up lasted 11–65 months, with a median duration of 24 months. One patient died, 2 experienced recurrence, and the other patients' lesions were stable. The symptoms worsened and new complications occurred in 5 patients. Skull base RDDs are intractable diseases with a high rate of complications. Some patients are at risk of recurrence and death. Surgery may be the basic treatment for this disease, and combined therapy including targeted therapy or radiation therapy may also be a valuable therapeutic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano-particles demonstrating excellent anticancer properties have gradually found application in cancer therapy. However, their widespread use is impeded by their potential toxicity, high cost, and the complexity of the preparation process. In this study, we achieved exosome-like Centella asiatica -derived nanovesicles (ADNVs) through a straightforward juicing and high-speed centrifugation process. We employed transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle flow cytometry to characterize the morphology, diameter, and stability of the ADNVs. We evaluated the in vitro anticancer effects of ADNVs using Cell Counting Kit-8 and apoptosis assays. Through sequencing and bicinchoninic acid protein analysis, we discovered the abundant presence of proteins and microRNAs in ADNVs. These microRNAs can target various diseases such as cancer and infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effective internalization of ADNVs by HepG2 cells, resulting in an increase in reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial damage, cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, and apoptosis. Finally, we analyzed changes in cellular metabolites post-treatment using cell metabolomics techniques. Our findings indicated that ADNVs primarily influence metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism and lipid biosynthesis, which are closely associated with HepG2 treatment. Our results demonstrate the potential utility of ADNVs as anticancer agents. [Display omitted] • ADNVs contain a large number of mirnas that can target cancer. • The growth of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells was enhanced by ADNVs. • ADNVs may affect the proliferation of HepG2 cells through related metabolic pathways such as amino acid and lipid synthesis. • ADNVs may represent a new application of plant-derived nanomedicine in cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The salient gelling feature of alginate via forming the egg-box structure with calcium ions has received extensive interests for different applications. Owing to the interfacial incompatibility of rigid inorganic solids with soft polymers, the requirement of overall stereocomplexation with calcium released from uniformly distributed solids in alginate remains a challenge. In this study, a novel alginate-incorporated calcium source was proposed to tackle the intractable dispersion for the preparation of injectable alginate hydrogels. Calcium phosphate synthesis in alginate solution yielded CaP-alginate hybrids as a calcium source. The physicochemical characterization confirmed the CaP-alginate hybrid was a nano-scale alginate-hydroxyapatite complex. The colloidally stable CaP-alginate hybrids were uniformly dispersed in alginate solutions even under centrifugation. The calcium-induced gelling of the CaP-alginate hybrids-loaded alginate solutions formed soft yet tough hydrogels including transparent sheets and knittable threads, confirming the homogeneous gelation of the hydrogel. The gelation time, injectability and mechanical properties of the hydrogels could be adjusted by changing preparation parameters. The prepared hydrogels showed uniform porous structure, excellent swelling, wetting properties and cytocompatibility, showing a great potential for applications in different fields. The present strategy with organic/inorganic hybridization could be exemplarily followed in the future development of functional hydrogels especially associated with the interface integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of 100% renewable energy (RE) systems provides a viable solution for achieving the global target of carbon neutrality. To support the reliable and economical operation of RE-based local energy networks, this paper presents a joint scheduling model for grid-scale RE generation and hydrogen-based flexible loads. The direct load control (DLC) through hydrogen-electrical microgrids is analytically modeled for leveraging the intrinsic flexibility of demand-side multi-energy synergy. To handle the uncertainty and volatility of RE generation, a risk-averse stochastic programming method with the receding-horizon mechanism is developed. Also, the power balancing cost in scheduling objectives is represented as a conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) measure to control the risks of fully RE supply. Case studies on an exemplary RE system confirm the effectiveness and economic benefits of the proposed method. The hydrogen-enabled DLC can largely mitigate the supply–demand mismatches, which shows a great potential to facilitate 100% RE scenarios. • A joint scheduling model of grid-scale renewable energy generation and hydrogen-based flexible loads is proposed to achieve carbon neutrality. • Direct load control through hydrogen-electrical microgrids is analytically modeled and implemented. • A risk-averse stochastic receding-horizon scheduling method is developed to handle the uncertainty of renewable energy generation. • Power balancing cost is represented as conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) to control the operational risks. • Results of case studies indicate the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of methods application for a 100% renewable energy scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogen-based clean energy infrastructure provides a viable option for resilience improvement against extreme events, e.g., natural disaster and malicious attacks. This paper presents a resilience-oriented operation model for industrial parks energized by integrated hydrogen-electricity-heat microgrids, which aims to improve the load survivability under contingency status. The synergies of multi-type distributed energy resources (e.g., fuel cells, hydrogen storage tanks, battery storage and heat storage unit) and the sequential operation of the industrial distribution network are analytically represented by a mixed-integer second-order conic program (SOCP) formulation. Moreover, by leveraging the information of probabilistic disaster prediction, a risk-averse receding horizon method is developed to handle the uncertainty of network contingencies, and supports the optimal decision of proactive and emergency scheduling. Numerical results on a 26-node industrial energy system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and resilient scheduling method. The synergetic operation of hydrogen-based microgrids could significantly reduce the risks of load interruption. • The resilience of industrial park with hydrogen-based microgrids is studied. • The resilient operation of integrated hydrogen-electricity-heat systems is modeled. • The uncertainty is captured by stochastic scenarios based on probabilistic prediction. • A risk-averse receding horizon method is proposed to support resilient scheduling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxidation behavior of melt-infiltrated SiC–TiB 2 ceramic composites at 500–1300 °C in air for 32 h was investigated by the isothermal oxidation test. The phase composition and microstructure evolution were studied through examining the surficial and cross-sectional oxide layer by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The oxidized surfaces were covered by scattered TiO 2 particles, a continuous B 2 O 3 layer, a B 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 layer or a mullite layer depending on the oxidation temperature. The thickness of the oxide layer increased from 10 to 30 μm as the oxidation temperature increased from 900 to 1300 °C. The analysis of the weight gain data revealed that the parabolic rate constant of melt-infiltrated SiC–TiB 2 ceramic composites generally increased from 4.05 × 10−3 to 3.16 × 10−1 mg2/cm4/s, accompanied with a changed oxidation nature from parabolic to cubic, as oxidation temperature increased from 500 to 1300 °C. Formation of continuous B 2 O 3 or Al 2 O 3 -based (Al 2 O 3 –B 2 O 3 or Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2) layer were identified on the surface of SiC–TiB 2 ceramic composites after being oxidized at 700–1300 °C, which was responsible for the excellent oxidation resistance of such composites. The oxidation rate of the melt-infiltrated SiC–TiB 2 ceramic composites was controlled by reaction rate of the composites at 500 °C and diffusion rate of oxygen through continuous B 2 O 3 or Al 2 O 3 -based layer to the unaffected composites at 700–1300 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of sodium abundance, sodium ion batteries attract a lot of attention for advanced energy storage applications. As the main member of cathodes, NASICON-type structured Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 contributes excellent ion shuttling rate and structure stability. However, the low electrical conductivity (<10−4 S cm−1) of Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 limits its application in high power field. Herein, the Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 nanoparticles anchored in the carbon matrix are successfully prepared through using the V-based metal organic frameworks (MIL-101(V)). As expected, these small Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 grains are uniformly distributed in Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 /carbon composite accompanying with the presence of 3D carbon framework. When used as cathode for sodium ion batteries, Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 /carbon composite delivers a considerable Na-storage capacity of 136.4 mAh g−1 at the current rate of 1 C and in the voltage range of 2.5–3.8 V. Even at the current rate of 5 C and 10 C, the 84.17% and 84.5% of capacity retentions are surprisingly kept after 1,000 cycles, verifying its ultra-long cycling life. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy substantiates a decreased charge transfer resistance for Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 /carbon composite. Assisting with the detailed kinetic analysis, it is found that the enhanced surface-controlled behaviors mainly lead to the improvement of sodium-storage capability. The ex-situ scanning electron microscope and X-ray powder diffraction analysis demonstrates that unique architecture of as-prepared Na 3 V 2 (PO 4) 3 /carbon composite significantly enhances structural stability during the fast cycling. This work provides insights on design of future advanced electrode materials for sodium ion batteries. Image 1 • M-NVP/C composite is synthesized using MIL-101(V) as both carbon and vanadium source. • NVP nanoparticles are surrounded by 3D carbon framework and conductive network structure. • M-NVP/C composite demonstrates high-rate capability and long-term cyclability. • Pseudocapacitive behavior of M-NVP/C composite is confirmed by kinetics analysis. • Ex - situ SEM and XRD analysis proves the good structure stability of M-NVP/C composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The type and fineness of soil are commonly recognized as the two major factors affecting the frost heave behavior of foundation. This paper aims to study the effect of soil type and fineness on frost heave behavior by experimental and numerical methods. Optical and scanning electron microscopes were employed to study the microstructure of kaolin and montmorillonite soils. A finite volume method, considering the changes of thermal and water fields simultaneously, was used to model the frost heave behavior of finely grained soil. By coupling the rigid ice model with the modified Kozeny–Carman equation and estimating the hydraulic conductivity, the relationship between the frost heave ratio and specific surface area of fines was established. Based on the modeling results, a region of proportion range of three typical soil (silty, clay and sandy soil) was proposed based on the ternary plot of frost heave values. Microscopic test results show that the multilayer microstructure of kaolin results in high content of bonded water compared with that of montmorillonite, leading to higher frost heave value. This model is proved to be reliable by a good agreement between the predicted and measured frost heave values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in renewable hydrogen production and storage technologies have offered a promising path towards the carbon-neutral energy supply of rural communities. This paper presents a risk-constrained planning method for hydrogen-based multi-energy off-grid microgrids under economics and resilience considerations. A two-stage risk-constrained stochastic programming formulation is proposed, which is to optimize the energy resources configuration in the first stage, and conducts long-term economic dispatch as well as the on-emergency feasibility verification in the second stage. Sophisticated analytical models are developed to coordinate the operations of multi-timescale and multi-energy storage facilities (especially the short-term and seasonal hydrogen storage). Also, the risk constraints are imposed via sampling approximation strategy to control the risks of crucial components failures for resilience enhancement. Moreover, through the data-driven power flow linearization, our planning problem can be recasted as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP), and efficiently computed by developing a dual cutting-plane based enhanced decomposition algorithm. Numerical studies on a real-world rural energy system in Southwestern China validates the effectiveness of the proposed planning method. It has significantly reduced the levelized system costs through seasonal storage deployment and multi-energy synergy. Besides, our customized solution algorithm demonstrates a strong scalable capacity that support planning decisions under complex uncertainties. • A hydrogen-centered multi-energy microgrid is designed for rural areas. • Multiscale and multi-energy storage systems are analytically modeled. • A risk-constrained stochastic formulation is proposed for microgrid planning. • Data-driven linearization method and enhanced decomposition algorithm are developed. • Methods application and verification on a real-world rural microgrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GATA transcription factor family participates in plant biological processes and abiotic stress across various crop species, but their function in response to salinity stress remains unexplored, particularly in tomato. Here, a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) GATA gene, SlGATA17 , was characterized in the tolerance to salinity stress. SlGATA17 had transcription activity in yeast, and the transcriptional activation domain was location on 32–60 amino acids of the N-terminal. SlGATA17 expression was induced by heat, cold, ABA, ACC and IAA treatments, but inhibited by NaCl and PEG treatments. In this study, the Slgata17 mutant plants showed slight injury symptoms compared to wild-type plants under salinity stress, and higher expression levels of stress-related marker genes (SlDREB2A , SlAREB1 , SlRD29A and SlP5CS1). Heterologous expression of SlGATA17 in Arabidopsis promoted seed germination under NaCl, ABA and mannitol conditions, and inhibited ABA content and the expression levels of ABA related genes (AtNCED3 , AtNCED5 , AtNCED9 , AtABI3 , AtEM1 and AtEM6). However, SlGATA17 transgenic Arabidopsis were hypersensitive to NaCl at the post-germination stage. Yeast two assay and BiFC assay showed that tomato transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (SlHY5) interacts with SlGATA17. Yeast one assay and Dual-Luc assay showed that SlHY5 negatively regulated SlGATA17 expression via binding to the GATA-box of SlGATA17 promoter. SlHY5-SlGATA17 might function as a regulatory module in response to abiotic stress. • Knockout of SlGATA17 gene enhances tomato salinity tolerance in tomato, while overexpression of SlGATA17 gene was contrary. • SlGATA17 protein interacts with SlHY5, which inhibits SlGATA17 gene expression by binding to its promoter. • Ectopic expression of SlGATA17 in Arabidopsis leads to decreased ABA synthesis and enhanced seed germination rate under stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • BTHA was first introduced as a collector for the flotation of galena. • The incorporation of C-S-C group improved the molecular properties of BHA. • BTHA exhibited better collecting ability toward galena in comparison with BHA. • BTHA chemically adsorbed on the galena surface through its -C(=O)-NHOH and C-S-C groups. In this contribution, the roles of the thioether (C-S-C) group in improving the flotation performance of benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) toward galena were studied by density functional theory (DFT) calculation, adsorption experiments, zeta potential, surface energy measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was found that the incorporation of C-S-C group was observed to increase the functional groups, chelating ability and hydrophobicity of BHA, thus enhance its flotation performance to galena. The adsorption mechanism analyses demonstrated that 2-(benzythio)-eacetohydroxamic acid (BTHA) molecule anchored on the galena surface mainly by the reactions of the two O atoms originated from -C(=O)-NH-OH group and lead species with the formation of a five-membered rings. Additionally, the C-S-C group in BTHA molecule could donate its electrons to lead species on galena surface, which was also helpful to the adsorption of BTHA on galena surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CuS nanoparticles are anchored on vertical aligned graphene nanosheets (VAGN) to form composite and supported on carbon cloth (CC/VAGN/CuS). • CC/VAGN/CuS has excellent specific capacity and outstanding rate capability. • Flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (CC/VAGN/CuS//CC/VAGN) exhibits excellent specific energy. In this work, we report the synthesis of copper sulfide/vertically aligned graphene nanosheets nanocomposite on carbon cloth (CC/VAGN/CuS) for asymmetric supercapacitors. CC/VAGN is an excellent conductive backbone with interconnected porous architecture, resulting in fast transportation of electrons and ions, meanwhile improving the utilization of active materials. Impressively, the resulting CC/VAGN/CuS electrode obtains an outstanding specific capacity of 342.6 mAh/g at 1 A/g and demonstrates excellent cyclic performance. Moreover, a solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) using two binder-free electrodes, i.e., CC/VAGN/CuS as the positive electrode and CC/VAGN as the negative electrode, exhibits a high specific energy of 76.7 Wh kg−1 at specific power 800.2 W kg−1 with 83.6 % capacity retention over 10,000 cycles at 8 A/g. Our results illustrate the promise of the rational-designed CC/VAGN/CuS as a promising candidate for hybrid supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dense SiC/SiC-based composites were fabricated by introducing Ti 3 Si(Al)C 2 -based ceramics into Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) fabricated porous SiC/SiC composites. For the purpose of reducing the damage to SiC fiber, the low-temperature melt infiltration of Al–Si alloy was utilized. The microstructure was observed, showing that the inter-bundle pores were filled by reaction-formed new phases and the porosity of SiC/SiC-based composites decreased to less than 5%. Owing to the densification of the matrix, higher thermal diffusivity was obtained compared with CVI fabricated SiC/SiC composites. The mechanical properties were also analyzed. The compressive strength and in-plane shear strength were 10.9% and 11.3% higher than those of CVI fabricated SiC/SiC composites, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Intracranial atypical meningiomas have a greater rate of recurrence than benign meningiomas. Scant literature, however, is available regarding the treatment and prognosis of these tumors after recurrence. The objective of this study was to analyze the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors of atypical meningiomas after recurrence of disease. Methods Forty-one cases with clinical characteristics and follow-up data were available in our department from 2000 to 2013. Certain factors, such as sex, age, preoperative Karnofsky Performance Status Scale score, location, prerecurrence tumor precursor, interval time, Simpson grade, histologic grade after recurrence, and radiotherapy, were selected to study the relationship with the prognosis of the tumors. Results The mean progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in our cases were 40.5 ± 4.7 and 57.1 ± 5.8 months, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year PFS rates were 79.8%, 44.1%, and 39.2%, respectively, and the corresponding OS rates were 92.4%, 66.1%, and 48.8%, respectively. The precursors of recurrent tumors were transformed meningiomas, an interval time less than 24 months, and a postrecurrence histologic diagnosis of anaplastic meningioma might predict an unfavorable outcome. Surgery Simpson I and II can improve the PFS and OS of tumors. Because of the limited number of cases, we could not identify a relationship between radiotherapy and prognosis. Conclusions Recurrent atypical meningiomas are intractable tumors with a high rate of recurrence and death. Total resection of the tumors under relatively safe conditions remains the most suitable treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel collector N-octanoyl-S-carboxyethyl thiocarbamate (OCETC) containing C O, C S and -COOH groups was synthesized and applied to recover malachite. The flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of OCETC on malachite surface were systematically investigated by DFT calculation, zeta potential, FTIR, XPS, contact angle measurements and flotation experiments. It was found that C O, C S and -COOH groups were the functional sites which could react with Cu(II) ions on malachite surface and formed C O Cu(I) and C S Cu(I) bonds. The adsorption of OCETC on malachite surface significantly improved its surface hydrophobicity since the contact angle of water on malachite changed from 46.5° to 78.0°. The flotation experiments demonstrated that 6 × 10−5 mol/L OCETC enabled the recovery of up to 98.24% malachite at pH 8.0. Under the same flotation conditions, OCETC exhibited comparable flotation recovery for malachite compared to octyl hydroxamic acid (98.43%), but much better than that by benzoyl hydroxamic acid (54.13%). [Display omitted] • A multifunctional thiocarbamate surfactant (OCETC) was synthesized for recovering malachite. • The molecular activity of OCETC was studied by DFT calculation. • OCETC chemisorbed on the malachite surface by C=O, C=S and -COOH groups. • The hydrophobicity of malachite surface could be significantly improved by OCETC. • OCETC exhibited excellent flotation ability to malachite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four thioarsenates, Rb 7 Cu 4 As 3 S 13 (1), Cs 7 Cu 4 As 3 S 13 (2), Rb 2 Cu 5 As 3 S 8 (3), and CsCu 2 AsS 3 (4), containing arsenic ions with different valences were synthesized by a solvothermal method. [Display omitted] • Four thioarsenates containing arsenic ions with different valences were synthesized by a solvothermal method. • A 7 Cu 4 As 3 S 13 (A = Rb, Cs) are the first example of quaternary Cu-AsV-S compounds. • A 7 Cu 4 As 3 S 13 (A = Rb, Cs) exhibit good photoelectric response performance. Four thioarsenates, Rb 7 Cu 4 As 3 S 13 (1), Cs 7 Cu 4 As 3 S 13 (2), Rb 2 Cu 5 As 3 S 8 (3), and CsCu 2 AsS 3 (4), containing arsenic ions with different valences were synthesized by a solvothermal method. Compounds 1 and 2 contain [Cu 4 As 3 S 13 ]7− clusters formed by the condensation of AsVS 4 tetrahedra and CuS x units (x = 3, 4). Compounds 3 and 4 possess layered structures in which arsenic ions are trivalent. All compounds are semiconductors and compounds 1 and 2 exhibit good photoelectric response performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two copper-rich thiostannates Rb 4 Cu 8 Sn 3 S 12 (1) and (H 3 O)RbCu 6 Sn 2 S 8 (2) were synthesized solvothermally. • Compound 1 possesses a three-dimensional structure containing [Cu 8 S 12 ]16- icosahedral clusters and compound 2 displays a dual-channel structure. • Compound 2 possesses the highest Cu+/Sn4+ molar ratio (3.0) in the known three-dimensional open-framework sulfides and exhibits good photocatalytic performance. Two copper-rich thiostannates Rb 4 Cu 8 Sn 3 S 12 (1) and (H 3 O)RbCu 6 Sn 2 S 8 (2) were synthesized solvothermally. Compound 1 possesses a three-dimensional structure containing [Cu 8 S 12 ]16- icosahedral clusters. Compound 2 displays a dual-channel structure and the Cu+/Sn4+ molar ratio of this compound is the highest in the known three-dimensional open-framework sulfides. The optical properties and photocatalytic degradation performances for methylene blue of 1 and 2 were also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, p-dopable poly(4-cyano)triphenylamine is prepared simply by grafting electron-withdrawing cyano group onto triphenylamine chains through a chemical oxidative polymerization. The electrochemical tests show that the organic cathode has a high average discharge voltage of 3.9 V (vs. Li + /Li), and delivers a reversible capacity of ~80 mAh g −1 with stable cycling, also a capacity of 55 mAh g −1 is retained even cycled at a high current density of 400 mA g −1 .The superior electrochemical performances of this organic cathode may enable it to be an alternative cathode material for future green and sustainable organic-based batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of SiBC matrix modified C/SiC composites (C/SiC–SiBC) with different pyrolytic carbon (PyC) interphase thicknesses (50–300 nm) were fabricated by a joint process of chemical vapor infiltration, slurry infiltration and liquid silicon infiltration. Oxidation behavior of C/SiC–SiBC composites with different PyC interphase thicknesses in the temperature range of 800–1200 °C was studied. When the C/SiC–SiBC composites were exposed at 800 °C for 10 h the oxidation kinetics was controlled by diffusion rate of oxygen through matrix micro-cracks and coating defects, and the effect of PyC interphase thickness on weight loss was apparent. At higher oxidation temperatures (>1000 °C) the in-depth diffusion of oxygen was slowed down due to healing of matrix micro-cracks by borosilicate glass, and the oxidation kinetics was controlled by diffusion rate of oxygen through coating defects. Weight loss of all the C/SiC–SiBC composites was greatly reduced and was less affected by PyC interphase thickness. The flexural strength of C/SiC–SiBC composites rapidly decreased after oxidization at 800 °C although thicker PyC interphase brought a little improvement and it rose up as temperatures increased above 1000 °C due to the non-uniform degradation of carbon fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five quaternary Nb-containing sulfides Rb 2 CuNbS 4 (1), Rb 2 AgNbS 4 (2), Cs 2 AgNbS 4 (3), RbCu 2 NbS 4 (4), and CsCu 2 NbS 4 (5) were synthesized under solvothermal conditions by using Nb powder as the initial material, and compounds 1 – 3 exhibit excellent photoelectric response properties. [Display omitted] • Five Nb-containing quaternary sulfides were synthesized by using Nb power as the initial material. • This is the first time that a mild solvothermal method was used in the preparations of Nb-containing sulfides. • Compounds 1 – 3 exhibit excellent photoelectric response properties. Five quaternary sulfides in the A-Cu/Ag-Nb-S (A = Rb, Cs) family, namely Rb 2 CuNbS 4 (1), Rb 2 AgNbS 4 (2), Cs 2 AgNbS 4 (3), RbCu 2 NbS 4 (4), and CsCu 2 NbS 4 (5) have been synthesized by using Nb powder as the initial material under mild solvothermal conditions. Compounds 1 – 3 crystallize in space group Fdd and possess one-dimensional (1D) infinite [MNbS 4 ] n 2n– (M = Cu for 1 ; Ag for 2 and 3) anionic chains formed by edge-sharing of [MS 4 ] (M = Cu, Ag) and [NbS 4 ] units. Compounds 4 – 5 are isostructural and crystallize in space group Ama 2. Their structures contain the two-dimensional (2D) [Cu 2 NbS 4 ] n n– anionic layers, which can be regarded as a further extension of the [CuNbS 4 ] n 2n– anionic chains in compounds 1 – 3. The optical bandgaps and photoelectric response performances of these compounds have also been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) are widespread organic pollutants that possess carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, so they may pose a risk to the environment and human health. In this study, the concentrations of 15 NPAHs and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 30 surface water samples and 26 sediment samples were measured in 2018 from the Taige Canal, one of the main rivers flowing into Taihu Lake, China. The total NPAH concentrations in water and sediment ranged from 14.7 to 235 ng/L and 22.9 to 96.5 ng/g dw, respectively. 9-nitrophenanthrene (nd–76.3 ng/L) was the dominant compound in surface water, while 2+3-nitrofluoranthene (1.73–18.1 ng/g dw) dominated in sediment. Among PAHs, concentration ranging from 1,097 to 2,981 ng/L and 1,089 to 4,489 ng/g dw in surface water and sediment, respectively. There was a strong positive correlation between the log octanol-water partition coefficient (K ow) and log sediment-water partition coefficient due to hydrophobic interaction. The fugacity fraction value increased with the decrease of log K ow , and chrysene was transferred from water into sediment. The residual NPAHs in surface water and sediment of the Taige Canal have partial correlation. Diesel engine and coal combustion emissions were probably the principal sources of NPAHs in surface water and sediment. The results of ecological risk assessment showed that some NPAHs in water (e.g, 1-nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene) and sediment (e.g., 2-nitrobiphenyl, 5-nitroacenaphthene, 9-nitrophenanthrene and 2+3-nitrofluoranthene) had moderate ecological risks, which should be of concern. [Display omitted]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li3V2(PO4)3/C composites as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries were successfully synthesized through the rheological phase reaction method using LiOH·H2O, V2O5, NH4H2PO4, and C6H8O7·H2O as raw materials. The as-prepared powders were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scan electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The electrochemical properties of Li3V2(PO4)3/C composites were examined by the galvanostatic charge/discharge, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicate that the sintering temperatures have a significant effect on the crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical performances of Li3V2(PO4)3/C composites. XRD reveals that Li3V2(PO4)3/C composites are well crystallized single phase, where Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite synthesized at 800°C for 8h displays the maximum cell volume and uniformly distributed particles. It can be seen from TEM that there is a carbon layer of about 200-500nm thick on the particle surface. The apparent D Li+ calculated from CV is in the order of magnitude of 10−7 cm2 s−1. Electrochemical tests show that Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite synthesized at 800°C for 8h exhibits excellent cycling performance of 129.149 mAh g−1 after 60 cycles at the current of 15mAg−1 and a superior rate capability of 112.101 mAh g−1 after 60 cycles at the current of 90mAg−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, high-temperature flexural properties of the SiBC modified C/SiC composites were investigated via the four-point bending method. The flexural strength and elastic modulus of the composites tested at 25°C, 800°C and 1200°C were 276MPa, 377MPa, 440MPa, and 78GPa, 183GPa, 189GPa, respectively. As temperature increase, thermal residual stress is released gradually, and the matrix micro-cracks and defects decrease, leading to the enhanced high-temperature elastic modulus. Interface bonding strength increases due to the gradually thermal match between the fiber and matrix, which guarantees that load could be effectively transferred from the matrix to the fiber. Therefore, the composites show higher flexural strength at high temperatures than that at room temperature. When the composites were fractured at 1200°C, the long pull-out fiber was observed, consistent with the high flexural strength of the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C f /SiC composite is an excellent structural and functional material, silicon carbide nanowires (SiCnws) are not only a toughening material but also a great application in the field of microwave absorption. In this study, SiCnws are grown on the surface of carbon fiber (C f) by polymer impregnation and pyrolysis, and the SiC matrix was prepared by chemical vapor osmosis method. The SiCnws are introduced to enhance the mechanical and microwave absorption properties simultaneously. After 3 impregnations, the flexural strength of the composite was 107.35 ± 10 MPa. When the thickness is 1.86 mm, the minimum reflection loss value is −41.08 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ −10 dB) is 3.86 GHz. Furthermore, the microwave absorption mechanism of the material is discussed. This work provides a new method to prepare lightweight, stable and high-performance microwave absorption materials, and these materials are expected to be used in high temperature environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, a gold nanoparticle, reduced graphene oxide (R-GO) and poly(l-Arginine) composite material modified carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) was used as the platform for the construction of a new electrochemical carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) immunosensor. The poly(l-Arginine)/R-GO composite film was used to modify CILE to fabricate Arg/R-GO/CILE through electropolymerization of l-Arginine on R-GO/CILE. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were adsorbed on the modified electrode to immobilize the CEA antibody and to construct the immunosensor. The stepwise assembly process of the immunosensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). By combining the specific properties such as the biocompatibility and big surface area of AuNPs, and the excellent electron transfer ability of R-GO and the high conductivity of CILE, the synergistic effects of composite increased the amounts of CEA antibody adsorbed on the electrode surface and then resulted in the great increase of the electrochemical responses. Under the optimal conditions, differential pulse voltammetric responses of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− were proportional to CEA concentration in the range from 0.5 to 200ngmL−1 with the detection limit as 0.03ngmL−1 (S/N=3). The proposed immunosensor showed good reproducibility, selectivity, and acceptable stability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Layered Li1.2V3O8 has been efficiently prepared via a sol–gel method. XRD and particle size analysis indicate that the final product with monoclinic structure consists of homogeneously distributed particles whose sizes are in a very narrow range. There are two different water molecules in the compound according to TGA and DTA. The structural water works as a pillar in the structure and is lost at higher temperature than the combined water. The as-prepared material was also compared with the one synthesized from the conventional solid-state method in terms of their morphology, electrochemistry capacity and electrodynamic characteristics. As a result, the Li1.2V3O8 obtained at 300°C for 10h has excellent electrochemical properties. A high-first discharge capacity of 286.4mAh/g was observed at a current rate of C/5 between 1.7 and 3.8V and the structure of Li1.2V3O8 remains stable in the subsequent cycles. EIS calculation suggests a better diffusion path for lithium ions in as-prepared material than in the solid-state compound. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: CuV2O6 is a very promising cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. By a soft chemistry method, CuV2O6 is successfully synthesized from V2O5 hydrogel and Cu2O powder. CuV2O6 with different degrees of crystallinity are obtained by heating CuV2O6 precursor at various temperatures. XRD, TG–DTA, TEM and SEM experiments are conducted to characterize its physical properties, and the electrochemical properties have been investigated by galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments. As a result, CuV2O6 annealed at 550°C has smaller crystal lattice constants and better electrochemical properties compared to the sample synthesized by the conventional solid-state method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Ag2V4O11 powder, a very important cathode material for lithium battery, has been prepared via a rheological phase method using Ag2CO3 and NH4VO3. This method provides a superiority of processing conditions over the conventional solid-state reaction. The size of so-prepared crystallites is distributed in a narrow range. The results of electrochemical studies show that the material prepared by the rheological phase method displays a higher discharge capacity and higher-rate capability compared to the conventional solid-state method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An ultrasonic irradiation method was applied to the sol–gel synthesis of silver vanadium oxides (SVO). Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) were conducted to research the ultrasonically accelerated reaction between V2O5 gel and Ag2O powder. Galvanostatic discharge experiments showed that the as prepared cathode active material of Ag2V4O11 and Ag1.2V3O8 have better electrochemical properties than those synthesized by conventional solid state method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An in situ SiC-TiB 2 ceramic composites was fabricated by infiltrating the Al-Si alloy melt into pre-sintered porous preforms with different B 4 C/TiC weight ratios. The phase composition and microstructure of the SiC-TiB 2 ceramic composites were analyzed to understand the synthesis mechanism of the composites. TiB 2 and SiC were originated from the reaction among B 4 C, TiC and Al-Si melt. When the B 4 C/TiC weight ratio was 35:65, the fabricated TiB 2 -SiC ceramic composites but no byproduct or raw powders displayed the optimal microstructure, and the TiB 2 and SiC particles were homogeneously distributed in Al-Si melt. The SiC-TiB 2 ceramic composites with the optimal microstructure owned the outstanding integrated mechanical properties: flexural strength of 245 MPa, fracture toughness of 4.32 MPa m1/2 and Vickers hardness of 10.46 GPa. The fracture surface of SiC-TiB 2 ceramic composites showed the mixed fracture mode with intergranular and transgranular fracture. The strengthening and toughening mechanisms were investigated from particle reinforcement, pulling out of grains and crack deflection found in the SiC-TiB 2 ceramic composites. • SiC-TiB 2 ceramic composite was creatively fabricated by RMI method through infiltrating Al-Si melt into pre-sintered porous TiC-B 4 C preform. • The optimal mechanical properties of SiC-TiB 2 ceramic composite was obtained when the weight ratio of B 4 C/TiC raw powder was 35:65. • The synthesis mechanism and fracture mode of the as-processed SiC-TiB 2 ceramic composite were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Constructing solvents that provide attraction sites for alcohol-aldehyde-ketone. • Clarified the linear relationship between structure, hydrogen bond descriptors, and extraction performance. • The calculated results of quantum chemistry are consistent with the experimental results. • Provide a purification method for α- olefins in Fischer-Tropsch oil products. In this work, choline fluoride, choline chloride, and 2-fluoroethyl-trimethylammonium bromide containing –F, –Cl, and –Br structures were used as hydrogen bond receptors. Acetamide, urea, trifluoroacetamide, xylitol, ethylene glycol, malonic acid and lactic acid containing –HN 2 , –COOH, –OH, and –F structures were used as hydrogen bond donors. We constructed functional deep eutectic solvents rich in hydrogen bond donors and acceptors while providing alcohol hydrogen bond attraction sites and aldehyde and ketone hydrogen bond attraction sites. The efficient separation and enrichment of trace alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones in Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) oil products were achieved through hydrogen bond interaction. The mechanism of selective extraction of different types of oxygenated compounds by functionalized deep eutectic solvents was revealed, and the linear relationship among structure, hydrogen bond descriptor, and extraction performance was clarified through quantum chemistry calculations. Further, liquid–liquid extraction was used to extract and separate the oxygenated compounds from high-temperature F-T oil products using the synthesized functional deep eutectic solvent. The experimental results showed that propanol, butyraldehyde, and methylethylketone could be extracted simultaneously and efficiently, and the solvent effects were consistent with the results of quantum chemistry calculation. The excellent extraction and separation effects were due to the large number of hydrogen bonds and oxyphilic atomic forces of deep eutectic solvents. The modern solvent was reasonably designed, which is significant for extracting different oxygenated compounds from high-temperature F-T oil products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A solid surface with a strong inhibitory effect on evaporation was found. • The effects of surface polar unit densities on evaporation rate were studied. • The evaporation rate varies non-monotonically as the surface polar unit density rises. The evaporation behavior of nanosized water aggregations on two-dimensional electroneutral solid surfaces with different surface polar unit densities (ρ) was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Unexpectedly, the evaporation rate (R) changes non-monotonically with ρ. More interestingly, the minimum R, which was only 0.6 % of that on the nonpolar solid surface, was obtained when the solid surface had a modest surface polar unit ratio of 66.7 % (ρ = 25.8 #/nm2) instead of the intuitively expected 100 % (i.e., every atom is charged). Our findings should be helpful in designing artificial surfaces with moisturizing functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogen-driven fuel-cell electric buses, which bear the advantages of emission free, high storage content and long mileage range, provide a promising choice for decarbonizing the public transportation system. Also, the operation centers for fuel-cell electric buses can be upgraded as the hydrogen-based microgrids to achieve higher economic benefits and resilience levels. To support the low-carbon and resilience-oriented planning of microgrid-aided bus centers, this paper presents a two-stage robust optimization formulation with integer corrective decisions. In particular, the first-stage problem is to optimize the microgrid siting decisions as well as the capacity configuration of renewable-powered electrolyzers, fuel-cell stacks and hydrogen refueling stations for maximizing the annualized benefits. Then, a min – max problem is introduced in the second-stage to improve the load survival value subject to the planning decisions and the worst-case contingency scenario. Also, various corrective actions, e.g., the emergency response of fuel-cell electric buses using vehicle-to-grid functionality, the energy scheduling of stationary equipment in hydrogen refueling stations and the adaptive network reconfiguration, are considered for resilience enhancement of the local power network. As the resulting robust optimization formulation is with a challenging mixed-integer recourse structure, the nested column-and-constraint generation algorithm is designed. Numerical results on exemplary power network and public transportation system validate the effectiveness of the proposed planning methodology, which has the potential to be profitable under normal operations while improving the load survivability under severe disastrous occasions. Moreover, our customized nested column-and-constraint generation shows a satisfactory solution performance, which facilitates prompt disaster relief actions of energy-transportation network. • Hydrogen-based microgrids are planned to support the fuel-cell bus operation centers. • Robust optimization model is proposed for low-carbon and resilience-oriented planning. • The emergency response of fuel-cell buses for back-up power supply is modeled. • Efficient solution is obtained by nested column-and-constraint generation algorithm. • Methods are verified on exemplary power network and public transportation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three types of SiC fiber reinforced SiC matrix composites (SiC f /SiC) with BN interphase were fabricated by a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method to investigate the effect of heat treatment (HT) on the mechanical properties of the prepared materials. The different mechanical behaviors of the three composites were analyzed based on the He and Hutchinson׳s model. The mechanical properties of SiC f /SiC composites were improved (366–377 MPa in flexural strength, 13.9–16.2 MPa m 1/2 in fracture toughness) by the HT after the infiltration of SiC matrix through increasing the crystallization degree of BN interphase. As a comparison, the mechanical properties of SiC f /SiC composites were decreased (366–134 MPa in flexural strength, 13.9–5.2 MPa m 1/2 in fracture toughness) by the HT before the infiltration of SiC matrix mainly due to the degradation of SiC fibers during HT process without the protection of SiC matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two different matrices (silicon and Ti 3 SiC 2 ) were introduced into two-dimensional woven C/SiC reinforced with T-300™ carbon fiber (40 vol.%) by liquid silicon infiltration, and their mechanical and thermophysical properties were studied compared with those of C/SiC fabricated by chemical vapor infiltration. C/SiC–Si shows higher tensile strength than C/SiC and C/SiC–Ti 3 SiC 2 due to the existence of low thermal residual stress (TRS), while the low interlaminar shear strength and three-point bending strength of C/SiC–Si can be attributed to the brittleness of dense Si–SiC matrix. The introduction of Ti 3 SiC 2 in a dense matrix can cause toughening mechanisms and inhibit the crack propagation by various micro-deformations of Ti 3 SiC 2 grains. Therefore, C/SiC–Ti 3 SiC 2 shows higher Young’s modulus, interlaminar shear strength and thermal conductivity than C/SiC and C/SiC–Si. The low tensile strength is due to the existence of high TRS in C/SiC–Ti 3 SiC 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking advantage of the large surface area and high porosity characteristic of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials, the synthesis of carbon-coated bimetallic transition metal oxides stands out as an effective strategy to reduce volume expansion, enhance cycling stability, and improve electronic conductivity at the active sites in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this research, a novel rambutan-like Ni-Co MOF was successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method followed by calcination to obtain nitrogen-doped carbon-stabilized hierarchical rambutan-like NiCo 2 O 4 composites (NiCo 2 O 4 /NC). The resulting composites inherited the original rambutan-like structure of the Ni-Co MOF, which was characterized by uniform size, highly ordered porosity and large surface area, and showed excellent electrochemical Li+ storage performance. In particular, the NiCo 2 O 4 /NC-600 composite exhibited superior cyclic stability and rate capability, maintaining a remarkable reversible charge/discharge specific capacity of 1281.7/1292.7 mAh g−1 after 400 cycles at 0.5 A g−1. In addition, when paired with LiFePO 4 in a full cell, it maintained a reversible discharge specific capacity of 143.9 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, indicating commendable cyclic stability. Ex-situ analyses confirmed the pseudo-capacitive behavior of the NiCo 2 O 4 /NC composites. Furthermore, the nitrogen-doped carbon layer embedded in the NiCo 2 O 4 /NC composites effectively mitigated the volume expansion during repeated Li stripping/plating processes, thereby improving the structural integrity, conductivity, and specific capacitance. This study presents a practical approach for fabricating nitrogen-doped carbon-stabilized bimetallic oxide anodes in high-power LIBs through architectural engineering and compositional tailoring. [Display omitted] • Hierarchical spherical NiCo 2 O 4 /NC composites by a facile MOF-derived oxidation method. • NiCo 2 O 4 /NC composites retained uniform size, well-ordered porosity and large surface area. • NiCo 2 O 4 /NC-600 composite showed excellent cyclic stability and rate performance. • The lithium storage mechanism of NiCo 2 O 4 /NC-600 composite was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 1. For the first time, the Li 7 [V 15 O 36 (CO 3)] and γ -LiV 2 O 5 as host materials to store Zn2+. • 2. A larger voltage window (0.2–1.9 V) than most other aqueous zinc ion batteries. • 3. The energy density and power density of the Li 7 [V 15 O 36 (CO 3)] and the γ -LiV 2 O 5 is high. • 4. The Zn2+ storage mechanisms of the Li 7 [V 15 O 36 (CO 3)] and the γ -LiV 2 O 5 are proved. Recently, many reports have been published about polyoxovanadates (POVs) with multiple electrons redox activity for energy storage. However, they are easily transformed into solid-state oxides after calcination. We noted that although dehydrated Li 7 [V 15 O 36 (CO 3)] (Li 7 V 15) exhibited a high capacity for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), it was reported that the electrochemical behavior of the dehydrated sample same as γ -LiV 2 O 5 (γ -LVO) which prepared by annealing the cluster and undehydrated Li 7 V 15 was not redox-active. Interestingly, we were surprised to find that undehydrated Li 7 V 15 and its derivative γ -LVO showed better electrochemical performance than LIBs when first proposed as the cathode to store Zn2+. Both Li 7 V 15 and γ -LVO electrodes provided excellent rate performance and satisfied cyclability (135.0 and 214.1 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1 after 1000 cycles, respectively). The fast kinetics of Li 7 V 15 and γ -LVO were verified by pseudocapacitive analysis, GITT and EIS tests. Moreover, the Zn2+ storage mechanism and redox behavior of Li 7 V 15 and γ -LVO were examined by ex-situ measurements. First-principles calculations revealed that the Zn2+ was chemisorbed on the clusters and physisorbed between the clusters. This work enriches the POVs cathode chemistry in aqueous energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has emerged as an inevitable trend in promoting environmental sustainability and resource conservation. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 or LFP) battery, renowned for its unique stability and favorable price, has been the predominant focus for lithium-ion battery manufacturers, consequently resulting in a surge in the number of spent LIBs. In view of the failure mechanism, the direct regeneration technology presents a potential strategy for the closed-loop recycling of LFP. The aim is to retain the high added value and revitalize optimal state of the spent cathode materials through a non-destructive process that maximizes efficiency and ensures desirable profits. Hence, the existing technical challenges and recent progress in the separation pretreatment are reviewed and summarized. Subsequently, the current direct regeneration methods and advanced upcycling techniques for spent LFP cathode are outlined, along with an appraisal of their respective advantages and disadvantage. Specifically, a comprehensive analysis of environmental and economic benefits derived from three presentative examples is highlighted compared to traditional metallurgy process. The review also aims to provide an overview on direct regeneration of spent LFP cathode, making it favorable for further industry adoption. • Potential strategy for low-value LFP via direct regeneration is presented. • Challenges and recent progress in separation pretreatment are discussed. • Recent advancements and advanced upcycling for spent LFP cathode are summarized. • The merits and drawbacks of each approach are assessed. • The comprehensive analysis of environmental and economic benefits is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) on the stabilization and gelation of oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsions (PEs) with polyphenol-amino acid particles in the presence of inorganic salts. The results revealed that the CMCS-induced depletion interactions contributed to improving the emulsification ability and interfacial adsorption efficiency of polyphenol-amino acid particles as well as constructing the network structures in the continuous phase. These relevant changes collectively resulted in elevating stability, viscosity and moduli of PEs. The additional effects of different inorganic salts with varying additions were further investigated, and the addition-dependent phenomena were observed. At low additions of inorganic salts, the occurrence of the chelation of inorganic salts with CMCS consolidated the constructed network structure, favorable to the gelation of PEs. With increasing additions, this chelation effect became stronger which compromised the CMCS-induced depletion, gradually leading to destabilization of PEs. In terms of ion species, the more pronounced effect on emulsion stability was achieved with calcium ions than with potassium and iron ions. This study expects to provide a new perspective on the extending application of cationic CMCS for improving the stability of O/W PEs in the food industry. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, nitrogen-doped carbon-coated NaV 3 O 8 (NVO@NC) were successfully synthesized by a simple rheological phase method using melamine as a nitrogen source. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed that nitrogen-doped carbon-coated didn't change the crystal structure of NVO but altered the thickness and properties of the surface coating. Among obtained composites, NVO@NC containing a molar ratio of melamine to citric acid of 2.75:1.25 displayed the best electrochemical properties. The electrochemical tests suggested discharge capacity reaching 231.3 mAh g−1 at 150 mA g−1, with discharge capacity remaining at 169.4 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) proved that the coated materials delivered a much lower resistance than that of bulk NVO. Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) tests demonstrated sodium ion diffusion coefficient was greatly enhanced after nitrogen-doped carbon coating. In conclusion, nitrogen-doped carbon might increase material conductivity, aid in the formation of SEI films on electrode surfaces, and improve electrode material stability, resulting in NVO materials with high-capacity and ultrafast Na-ion storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead ion pollution has become a serious public health concern worldwide. Therefore, sensitive detection of Pb2+ is critical to control lead pollution, assess risks, and safeguard the health of vulnerable populations. This study reports a highly sensitive labelling-free electrochemical aptasensor for Pb2+ detection. The aptasensor employs silver-platinum nanoparticles/graphene oxide (AgPt/GO) and Exonuclease III (Exo III) for signal amplification. GO provides high surface area and conductivity for immobilizing AgPt NPs, facilitating the immobilization of aptamer (Apt) probes on the electrode surface. Exo III enzymatically cleaves DNA strands on the electrode surface, releasing DNA segments to amplify the signal further. The synergistic amplification by AgPt/GO and ExoIII enables an extremely wide linear detection range of 0.05 pM–5 nM for Pb2+, with a low detection limit of 0.019 pM. Additionally, the G-quadruplex structure ensures excellent selectivity for Pb2+ detection, resulting in high reproducibility and stability of the aptasensor. The aptasensor was successfully applied to detect spiked Pb2+ in tap water samples, achieving recovery rates ranging from 96 to 108.4 %. By integrating nanomaterials, aptamers and enzymatic amplification, the aptasensor facilitates highly sensitive and selective detection of Pb2+, demonstrating potential for practical applications in environmental monitoring. [Display omitted] • Silver-platinum nanoparticles/graphene oxide nanocomposite modified electrode. • Exo III cycling amplification strategy to enhance sensitivity. • The aptasensor has a wide linear detection range and an ultralow limit of detection. • Excellent selectivity, stability and reproducibility of the aptasensor demonstrated. • Successful application in detecting spiked Pb2+ in tap water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal pollution in the environment has become a significant global concern due to its detrimental effects on human health and the environment. In this study, we report an electrochemical aptasensor for the simultaneous detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+. Gold nanoflower/polyethyleneimine-reduced graphene oxide (AuNFs/PEI-rGO) was introduced on the surface of a gold electrode to improve sensing performance. The aptasensor is based on the formation of a T-Hg2+-T mismatch structure and specific cleavage of the Pb2+-dependent DNAzyme, resulting in a dual signal generated by the Exo III specific digestion of methylene blue (MB) labeled at the 3′ end of probe DNA-1 and the reduction of the substrate ascorbic acid (AA) catalyzed by the signal label. The decrease of MB signal and the increase of AA oxidation peak was used to indicate the content of Hg2+ and Pb2+, respectively, with detection limits of 0.11 pM (Hg2+) and 0.093 pM (Pb2+). The aptasensor was also used for detecting Hg2+ and Pb2+ in water samples with good recoveries. Overall, this electrochemical aptasensor shows promising potential for sensitive and selective detection of heavy metals in environmental samples. Schematic diagram of a sensor for simultaneous detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+. [Display omitted] • Exonuclease III and Ce-MOFs@PtPd NPs played an amplifying role in the acquisition of dual signals. • Ce-MOFs@PtPd NPs were used as signal probes to catalyze the oxidation of AA. • Selective and sensitive biosensing platform for the simultaneous detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel thionocarbamate collector (EBZTC) containing acyl group was synthesized. • The adsorption performances of EBZTC on chalcopyrite surface were investigated. • The hydrophobic mechanism of EBZTC on chalcopyrite particle surface was proposed. • EBZTC exhibited excellent flotation ability for chalcopyrite. The flotation performance and hydrophobic mechanism of O-ethyl-N-benzoyl thionocarbamate (EBZTC) on chalcopyrite were first estimated by single flotation experiments, batch adsorption experiments, contact angle measurements, DFT calculation and FTIR analysis. Single flotation experiments illustrated that a flotation recovery of 96.7% was achieved to chalcopyrite when EBZTC was used compared to 90% with SIBX at pH 6.5. Adsorption experiments indicated that the adsorption process of EBZTC on chalcopyrite surface was an exothermic monolayer chemisorption process. Hydrophobic mechanism demonstrated that EBZTC chemisorbed onto the chalcopyrite surface through the chemical reactions of C O and C S groups to the copper species with the formation of C O Cu and C S Cu bonds, which resulted in the coverage of the hydrophobic groups of EBZTC onto the chalcopyrite surface to enhance its hydrophobicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Five types of Na x MnO 2+ z are prepared by the rheological phase reaction method. • Na x MnO 2+ z materials with different sodium contents exhibit rod-shaped, rod-sheet mixed, and sheet-like morphology. • Na 0.44 MnO 2 exhibits excellent cyclic stability and high rate capability. • Na 0.44 MnO 2 exhibits a high contribution rate of pseudo capacitance. • In situ XRD testing showed the reversible phase transition of NMO-0.44 material during charge and discharge processes. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) experience a re-emerging academic interest due to their low cost and high abundance as compared with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) which have considerably increased the worldwide cost due to high actual demand. At present, a representative amount of cathode/anode SIBs materials are developed; facilitating the Na+ insertion mechanism understanding and the respective influence on structure change, which in most cases it is directly related to sodium concentration. In this work, the rheological phase reaction method is used to synthesize five types of Na x MnO 2+ z materials with different sodium content and use them as the cathode materials for SIBs. The physical properties and electrochemical performances of Na x MnO 2+ z materials with different concentrations are investigated by physical characterization means, electrochemical tests, and a series of computational methods. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) test results indicate that the right materials have been successfully synthesized, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements show how the changes in sodium concentration significantly impact the morphology of the formed particles. In the results of electrochemical investigations, NMO-0.67 material has a high initial specific discharge capacity, but NMO-0.44 material has a reasonable cycling stability, keeping its discharge specific capacity of 83.06 mAh/g after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 360 mA g−1. Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) testing and pseudo-capacitance analyses are also used to disclose the dynamic properties of NMO-0.44 material. In conclusion, the rheological phase reaction approach may be used to successfully create Na x MnO 2+ z materials, and variations in sodium content have a big impact on their structure and electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This work summarizes the application of vanadium oxides as aqueous ZIBs cathodes. • Electrochemical properties and energy storage behavior of different types of vanadium oxide cathodes. • Current challenges and expected development foregrounds of vanadium oxides cathodes in aqueous ZIBs are proposed. The rapid development of science and technology, as well as the trend toward intelligence, has resulted in a surge in the demand for excellent energy storage devices for smart devices. At present, the most widely used lithium ion batteries have limited further development because of their high cost and various disadvantages of electrolytes (flammable and toxic). In spite of the low costs and safety of aqueous zinc-ion batteries, the high radius of the zinc ions and strong electrostatic interactions make cathode materials without excellent performance difficult to find. Various oxidation states, structural diversity, excellent multiplicity performance and high capacity have attracted researchers to vanadium-based oxides in recent years. However, vanadium-based oxides have disadvantages such as poor structural stability and low electrical conductivity, so this paper summarizes the progress of research on vanadium oxide cathode materials such as V 2 O 5 , VO 2 , V 2 O 3 , etc., and provides an outlook on future development directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this work, a highly sensitive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) biosensor based on immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb) at Au nanoparticles (AuNPs)/flower-like zinc oxide/graphene (AuNPs/ZnO/Gr) composite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was constructed, where ZnO and Au nanoparticles were modified through layer-by-layer onto Gr/GCE. Flower-like ZnO nanoparticles could be easily prepared by adding ethanol to the precursor solution having higher concentration of hydroxide ions. The Hb/AuNPs/ZnO/Gr composite film showed a pair of well-defined, quasi-reversible redox peaks with a formal potential (E 0) of −0.367V, characteristic features of heme redox couple of Hb. The electron transfer rate constant (k s) of immobilized Hb was 1.3s−1. The developed biosensor showed a very fast response (<2s) toward H2O2 with good sensitivity, wide linear range, and low detection limit of 0.8μM. The fabricated biosensor showed interesting features, including high selectivity, acceptable stability, good reproducibility, and repeatability along with excellent conductivity, facile electron mobility of Gr, and good biocompatibility of ZnO and AuNPs. The fabrication method of this biosensor was simple and effective for determination of H2O2 in real samples with quick response, good sensitivity, high selectivity, and acceptable recovery. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) assay for sensitive determination of thrombin is designed employing CdSe/ZnS quantum dots served as an ECL label. This ECL sensor is fabricated on graphene modified glassy carbon electrode which is then covered with a low surface coverage of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). An aptamer is used to selectively recognize the target. The thiol-terminated aptamer is first immobilized on AuNPs/graphene modified electrode, and then thrombin is imported to form the aptamer–thrombin complexes. After blocking the nonspecifically bound oligonucleotides with MCH solution, another CdSe/ZnS quantum dots modified aptamer is hybridized with the free thiol-terminated aptamer to form a DNA complexe. A decreased ECL signal is observed upon recognition of the target thrombin. The integrated ECL intensity versus the concentration of thrombin is linear in the range from 0.01 to 50nM. The detection limit is 10fM. The present aptasensor also exhibits excellent selectivity, stability and reusability. This sensing system can provide a promising label-free model for aptamer-based compounds sensitive detection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

[Display omitted] • A novel collector of BDETU was synthesized and first applied for the flotation of chalcopyrite and pyrite. • BDETU exhibited superior collecting ability and selectivity to chalcopyrite against pyrite than IPETC. • BDETU can selectively adsorb on the surface of chalcopyrite and strengthen its hydrophobicity. • BDETU chemisorbed onto the chalcopyrite surface and formed C O Cu and C S Cu complexes. Flotation collectors with strong collecting ability and superior selectivity have important application prospects for recovering complex and refractory copper sulfide resources. Herein, a novel surfactant of N-benzoyl-N',N'-diethyl thiourea (BDETU) with C O and C S groups is synthesized for separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite. The flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of BDETU to chalcopyrite and pyrite were evaluated by flotation experimental, adsorption experimental, contact angle measurements, UV–vis spectroscopy, as well as FTIR analyses and DFT calculation. By comparing the flotation performances with the traditional flotation collector of O-isopropyl-N-ethyl thionocarbamate (IPETC), it becomes evident that BDETU exhibit stronger collecting ability and excellent selectivity for chalcopyrite against pyrite. These results might be attributed to the facts that BDETU can selectively adsorb on the surface of chalcopyrite and strengthen its surface hydrophobicity, while the hydrophobicity of pyrite surface is not improved with the weak adsorption of BDETU on its surface. The analyses of adsorption mechanism reveal that BDETU is chemically adsorbed on the surface of chalcopyrite by the reactions of the functional groups (C O and C S) to the copper species with the formation of C O Cu and C S Cu structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]