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Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of higher protein (HP) intake associated with resistance training (RT) on parameters of cardiometabolic risk disease (CMR). Methods A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled design was conducted. Thirty-two pre-conditioned older women were randomized in two groups to receive 35 g of protein (high protein group - HP) or 35 g of placebo (low protein group - LP) after training sessions. The RT program was carried out over 12 weeks, 3 days per week and 3 sets of 8–12 repetitions. Body composition (whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), blood samples, anthropometric measurements and dietary intake were performed at pre- and post-intervention. Results There was a significant group-by-time interaction ( P  < 0.05) for lean soft tissue (LST), total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein ratio (TC/HDL) and volume of load (VL), in which HP group presented greater improvements when compared to LP group (LST: +3.8% vs +2.0%; TC/HDL: −11.8% vs −2.9%; VL: 45.4% vs 35.4%). A time effect was found for HDL, LDL, Triglycerides (TGC), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein/HDL ratio (LDL/HDL) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (HDL: +6.7% vs +6.3%; LDL: −6.8% vs +0.9%; TGC: −2.0% vs −1.2%; TC: −2.8% vs +0.5%; LDL/HDL: −11.5 vs −6.9%; CRP: −8.6% vs −11.5%) in which both groups improved their scores without statistical differences between them. No effect was found for waist circumference. Conclusion Increased dietary protein intake, achieved by whey protein supplementation, when associated with RT promotes greater gains on LST and VL, and a reduction on TC/HDL ratio in pre-conditioned older women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is an energy-disturbance disease associated with insulin resistance. Hence, the intake of energy-rich macronutrients might affect some MetS components. The aim of this study was to explore the association of ingested macronutrients with MetS components in older women. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted in 245 older women (≥60 years). Whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess total body fat, percentage body fat (absolute and relative), and skeletal muscle mass. Venous blood samples were collected after a 12 h fasting to determine glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), and triglycerides. Anthropometric measurements and resting blood pressure were also evaluated. Food consumption was assessed through the 24-hour dietary recall method, and the macronutrients were distributed by tertiles of consumption. The Student t -test, Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results The MetS and non-MetS groups demonstrated similar food-energy intake and fat consumption. The MetS group presented lower protein and higher carbohydrate intake than the non-MetS group. Individuals in the lowest protein intake (<0.72 g/kg/d) had greater odds of presenting abdominal obesity and impaired glucose levels. Higher consumption of carbohydrates was associated with lower HDL levels and higher hypertriglyceridemia. The chances of having MetS were increased by three times when ingesting either a low protein or high carbohydrate diet. Conclusion Either high carbohydrate or low protein intake would be risk factors for altering MetS components and the presence of MetS in elderly women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]