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China has emerged as the second largest economy in the world during the globalization in the last forty years. However, in the last decade, Chinese manufacturing has also demonstrated its dark side causing wide range of concerns globally and directly jeopardize people's health because of serious pollutions. How could the world keep its industrialization yet without damages to the natural environment? The paper proposes a new framework entitled 'IE³' by integrating three domains of knowledge--Industrial Entrepreneurship, Industrial Engineering and Industrial Ecology. The IE³ model provides a potential answer to the future development pathway for industrialization, changing from pursuit of quantity to quality via considering resources efficiency and ecology efficiency. The novelty of the research lies in incorporating three originally separated theories into a comprehensive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerical dating of glacial deposits is important for understanding Quaternary glacial evolution. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating is one of the techniques widely used on such sediments. Owing to the short distances traveled before deposition, the incomplete bleaching of luminescence signals in glacial sediments may introduce serious dating problems vis-à-vis glacial and any associated sediments. Here, we report a comparison of OSL ages obtained from the fine (4–11 μm) and medium (38–63 μm) grain size fractions of quartz extracted from glaciofluvial sediments and from glacial tills in the Basongcuo catchment near the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. Initially, four glacial stages were identified based on field observations of moraine distribution and geomorpho-stratigraphic relations. A total of 39 OSL samples were then collected from glaciofluvial sand layers or lenses and from till. Quartz grains in the fine (4–11 μm) and medium (38–63 μm) size fractions were extracted from each sample, and dated using the single-aliquot regeneration (SAR) protocol. The modern supraglacial sediment sample was dated to ∼0.2 (fine grain) to ∼0.7 (medium grain) ka, suggesting that the sediment was not completely bleached on deposition. Contrary to previous experience suggesting that coarse grains are usually better bleached than fine grains prior to deposition, our results show that estimated OSL ages for fine grains are generally younger than those for medium grains. This suggests that the two fractions may have come from different sources and thus have different bleaching histories, and that fine-grained quartz may be more suitable for OSL dating of these materials. Applying the minimum age model to data from medium-grained quartz yields ages close to those obtained from fine-grained quartz, suggesting that both can be used for dating glacial advances. The OSL dates suggest that glaciers in the studied area advanced at 0.1–1.3 ka, ∼7.5 ka and 11–13 ka, and were furthest advanced between ∼16 and ∼30 ka. The timing of the local Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is broadly consistent throughout the eastern and central Himalaya and frequent glacial advances after the LGM. All suggest that glaciers in the humid eastern Himalayan syntaxis are sensitive to global cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Widespread chemical plants render human life more vulnerable to major natural disasters such as earthquakes. Recognizing the potential cascading threats initiated by a devastating earthquake, a general methodology for assessing the life loss risks introduced by airborne hazardous chemical dispersion following seismically induced chemical release (SICR) was proposed. With a 600 km x 600 km region in North China as a demonstrative study area, the dispersion of ammonia released from multiple relevant chemical plants that were supposed to be damaged by a devastating earthquake was simulated in a probabilistic manner. Using an ammonia toxicity-fatality relationship and its toxicity concentration threshold, regional life loss and spatial spread were evaluated. The life loss risk was found to be non-prominent but would be very contingent on unfavorable meteorological conditions. Non-parametric correlation analysis revealed that the respective effects of meteorological mixing parameters on the risk exhibit new features in a disaster context, that is, stronger mixing would cause elevation of risk in a region. This preliminary research implied that the risk of chemical-induced life loss after a devastating earthquake deserves attention and a thorough uncertainty evaluation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inlet distortion is a main resource of performance decreasing of compressor, in this way it is essential to judge the influence of inlet distortion to the compressor performance according to the test. A properly designed distortion generator can simulate the practical distortion condition exactly, which is a key and foundation to a successful distortion test. A new designed distortion generation requires proper methods for assessing the effect, while the naissance and development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provide an easy and effective way for this purpose. In this article two kinds of steam injectors were introduced for a fan steam injection test as distortion generator, and CFD technology was applied to simulate the effect of the schemes in order to obtain the flow field at test article inlet, and based on which the schemes were analyzed and examined. The better one was chosen from the two to make preparation for the final test. The test result will be used as a criterion to judge and modify the simulation project, then with the optimized distortion generator, a more proper test scheme will be erected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Qilian Shan is one of the most important mountain ranges for understanding Quaternary glaciation in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. However, its western part is not well studied. A moraine and an outwash terrace in the Laohugou valley were mapped, using geomorpho-stratigraphy, and dated by optically stimulated luminescence. After analyzing the minimum age and central age of coarse- and fine-grained quartz, most of the minimum ages for coarse grains are consistent with geomorpho-stratigraphic sequence, indicating they are closest to the true ages of the sediments. The lateral moraine was initially formed at 20.2 ± 2.6 ka, during the Last Glacial Maximum, and was modified between 11.6 ± 2.0 and 12.9 ± 1.3 ka, in the Late Glacial. The outwash terrace was formed between 10.0 ± 1.7 and 5.5 ± 0.7 ka, and coincides with temperature rise in the early Holocene and the Holocene Optimum. At its Last Glacial Maximum, the palaeo-glacier was ∼13.6 km long with an area of 45.3 km2, 4.3 km longer and 34% larger than the contemporary glacier. The reconstructed palaeo-glacier equilibrium line altitude (ELA) was 4600 ± 40 m, or 140 m lower than the present ELA. The glacier advance in the Laohugou valley was less extensive and ELA depression was less than found in the eastern Qilian Shan during LGM and Late Glacial, suggesting a drier climate during the Last Glacial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monoallelic point mutations in cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and its mitochondrial homolog IDH2 can lead to elevated levels of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in multiple cancers. Here we report that cellular 2HG production from cytosolic IDH1 mutation is dependent on the activity of a retained wild-type IDH1 allele. In contrast, expression of mitochondrial IDH2 mutations led to robust 2HG production in a manner independent of wild-type mitochondrial IDH function. Among the recurrent IDH2 mutations at Arg-172 and Arg-140, IDH2 Arg-172 mutations consistently led to greater 2HG accumulation than IDH2 Arg-140 mutations, and the degree of2HGaccumulation correlated with the ability of these mutations to block cellular differentiation. Cytosolic IDH1 Arg-132 mutations, although structurally analogous to mutations at mitochondrial IDH2 Arg-172, were only able to elevate intracellular 2HG to comparable levels when an equivalent level of wild-type IDH1 was co-expressed. Consistent with 2HG production from cytosolic IDH1 being limited by substrate production from wildtype IDH1, we observed 2HG levels to increase in cancer cells harboring an endogenous monoallelic IDH1 mutation when mitochondrial IDH flux was diverted to the cytosol. Finally, expression of an IDH1 construct engineered to localize to the mitochondria rather than the cytosol resulted in greater 2HG accumulation. These data demonstrate that allelic and subcellular compartment differences can regulate the potential for IDH mutations to produce 2HG in cells. The consequences of 2HG elevation are dose-dependent, and the non-equivalent 2HG accumulation resulting from IDH1 and IDH2 mutations may underlie their differential prognosis and prevalence in various cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have become increasingly popular and have gradually replaced traditional cathode ray tube (CRT) displays. Since optical films have excellent optical properties, they are the important components of LCDs. Unfortunately, the mechanical properties of such films are unstable. This study presents an experimental methodology that combines the micro tensile test and the bulge test to characterize the mechanical properties of optical diffuser films, including Young''s modulus, Poisson''s ratio and residual stress. The thickness of the optical diffuser films studied herein is 38μm. The numerical model based on finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to demonstrate that the proposed methodology successfully measures the mechanical properties of optical diffuser films in LCDs. The influence of exposure to heat on the mechanical properties of optical diffuser films was also investigated. The results reveal that the heat does significantly affects the Young''s modulus of the optical diffuser films and more weakly influences the Poisson''s ratio and residual stress. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The role of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in apoptosis and necrosis is controversial. Here we show that the MPT regulates the release of cytochrome c for apoptosis during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by remodeling the cristae junction (CJ). CEM cells, HCT116 colon cancer cells, and murine embryo fibroblast cells were treated with the ER stressor thapsigargin (THG), which led to cyclophilin D-dependent mitochondrial release of the profusion GTPase optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), which controls CJ integrity, and cytochrome c, leading to apoptosis. Interference RNA knockdown of Bax blocked OPA1 and cytochrome c release after THG treatment but did not prevent the MPT, showing that Bax was essential for the release of cytochrome c by MPT. In isolated mitochondria, MPT led to OPA1 and cytochrome c release independently of voltage-dependent anion channel and the outer membrane, indicating that the MPT is an inner membrane phenomenon. Last, the MPT was regulated by the electron transport chain but not mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, since THG-induced cell death was not blocked by antioxidants and did not occur in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA. Our results show that the MPT regulates CJ remodeling for cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis induced by ER stress and that mitochondrial electron transport is indispensable for this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As we known, reproducing kernel method (RKM) has been presented for solving differential equations for initial and boundary value problems. However, the direct application of the RKM presented in the previous works cannot produce good numerical results for Burgers’ equation. To solve this problem, this paper give a modified reproducing kernel method by piecewise technique. The exact solution is given by reproducing kernel functions in a series expansion form, the approximation solution is expressed by n-term summation of reproducing kernel functions. The three numerical experiments results show that the piecewise method is more easily implemented and effective. Some numerical results are also compared with the results obtained by other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper research downhole temperature distribution in oil production and water injection using reproducing kernel Hilbert space method (RKHSM) for the first time. The aim of this paper is that using the highly accurate RKHSM can solve downhole temperature problems effectively. According to 2-D mathematical models of downhole temperature distribution, the analytical solution was given in a series expansion form and the approximate solution was expressed by n -term summation of reproducing kernel functions which initial and boundary conditions were selected properly. Numerical results of downhole temperature distribution with multiple pay zones, in which different radial distance and different injection–production conditions (such as injection rate, injection temperature, injection time, oil layer thickness), were carried out by mathematical 7.0, and numerical results correspond to general knowledge and show that use RKHSM to research downhole temperature distribution is feasible and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of wound healing involves a complex and vast interplay of growth factors and cytokines that coordinate the recruitment and interaction of various cell types. A series of events involving inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling eventually leads to the restoration of the damaged tissue. Abrogation in the regulation of these events has been shown to result in excessive scarring or non-healing wounds. While the process of wound healing is not fully elucidated, it has been documented that the early events of wound healing play a key role in the outcome of the wound. Furthermore, high levels of inflammation have been shown to lead to scarring. The regulation of these events may result in scarless wound healing, especially in adults. The inhibition of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and the administration of keratinocyte growth factors (KGF), KGF-1 and KGF-2, has in recent years yielded positive results in the acceleration of wound closure and reduced scarring. Here, we encapsulate recent knowledge on the roles of TGF-β, KGF1, and KGF2 in wound healing and scar formation and highlight the areas that need further investigation. We also discuss potential future directions for the use of growth factors in wound management. [Display omitted] The nature and characteristics of the scar are determined by events at the wound site. These events are regulated and driven by effector molecules of the growth factor signaling. • Wound healing is a complex process involving multiple molecules that regulate and determine its outcome. • Growth factors can facilitate wound closure and improve dermal architecture following healing. • The JAK/STAT signaling influences scar outcome by exacerbating inflammation and upregulating collagen. • Advanced drug delivery systems are critical for effective growth factor treatment and scarless healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general, the chemiluminescence (CL) sensing of vitamin B12 is achieved by determining Co(II) liberated from acidified vitamin B12 by a luminol system. However, the luminol system for sensing vitamin B12 has poor selectivity due to serious interference from other metal ions. In this study, as a novel CL amplifier of the Co(II)+H2O2+OH- ultra-weak CL reaction (Fenton-like system), dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBS)-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been applied to the specific determination of vitamin B12 by liberating Co(II). The CL intensity increased with increasing the concentration of vitamin B12 in a wide range from 1.0 ng mL-1 to 5 µg mL-1 with a detection limit of 0.57 ng mL-1 (S/N=3). The proposed method has been successfully applied to determine vitamin B12 in egg yolk with simple procedures, shorter time and higher selectivity. Recoveries from spiked real samples were 96-103%. The results of the proposed method for sensing vitamin B12 in real samples were agreed with those obtained by the standard inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the CL sensing of vitamin B12 with high selectivity in the absence of luminol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the plastic waste generated from the composite manufacturing process and improve the permeability of commercial breathers in high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, jute/polyester hybrid breathing materials were fabricated by the needle-punched method. The thermogravimetric analysis and the related thermal properties of hybrid breathing materials were carried out to verify the feasibility of materials used in the high-temperature environment. Breathing materials were then exposed to humidity atmosphere and hot press conditions respectively. These conditions were chosen to investigate the effect of moisture on breathing materials and replicate the using conditions of breathers in the composite manufacturing process. The scanning electron microscope was used to observe the morphology characteristics of breathing materials before and after use. The moisture absorption, air permeability and tensile properties of breathing materials were evaluated and compared with the unconditioned specimens. The results showed that hybrid breathing materials were sensitive to moisture due to the hydrophilic groups in jute fiber. The permeability of hybrid breathing materials was higher than commercially available breathers at a similar areal weight. The permeability of breathing materials increased with the increase of porosity. Humidity and hot press processing conditions influenced the permeability due to the change of porosity. The hybrid breathing materials had a higher permeability retention rate. They could be reused at least three times, and their permeability could be maintained above 56% of the original data. Higher jute fiber content resulted in higher tensile strength. The tensile strength of the hybrid breathing material was higher in wet conditions. The reuse of the breathing material led to an increase in tensile strength. Finally, the recycling use of breathing materials as composite reinforcement was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel and simple Erbium-doped fiber laser by using cascaded fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) written in high-birefringence fibers for switchable multi-wavelength operation is proposed. Due to two-peak reflection with orthogonal polarizations of the FBG, the polarization hole-burning effect in the cavity is greatly enhanced. Experimental results show that the stable dual- and three-wavelength lasing operation with very narrow wavelength separation (∼0.39 nm) can be generated at room temperature. The configuration is simple and flexible. Only by adjusting polarization controllers (PCs), the laser can be switched among the stable single-, dual- and three-wavelength lasing operations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• Studied JJJM region's ES balance, considering regional characteristics. • The adjusted model revealing higher ES balance in the east and north. • Temperature, precipitation, and grazing density primarily affect ES balance. • ES balance initially rises, then declines, facing rapid urbanization challenges. • Climate patterns and eco-engineering optimize ES balance, foster harmony. Ecosystem services (ES) are defined as the benefits of the natural environment that sustain human life. The analyses of the balance of ecosystem services (ES balance) and its driving factors are critical for achieving the region's sustainable development goals. This study explored the ES balance in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Inner Mongolia (JJJM) region, considering the region's rapid urbanization, implementation of ecological restoration projects, and intense agricultural and pastoral activities. It quantified the ES balance on different scales and selected nine natural and anthropogenic driving factors to reveal its spatio-temporal heterogeneity and change characteristics in 2000–2020. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) The ES balance in the JJJM region exhibited a significant spatial differentiation: generally higher in its eastern and northern areas and lower in its western and southern parts; (2) The ES balance in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region showed a general trend of initial increase and subsequent decrease, while Inner Mongolia exhibited a continuous upward trend. High-value areas (>46) and low-value areas (<10) increased significantly. 27.33% of the areas showed a continuous improvement trend, but the overall ES balance was declining at a rate of 0.110–0.166/year; (3) Among natural factors, temperature had the highest explanatory power (0.409) regarding ES balance, while among anthropogenic factors, grazing density had the highest explanatory power (0.311). The interaction between temperature and precipitation is the strongest; (4) During the study period, the explanatory power of anthropogenic factors increased over time, indicating that human activities were exerting a gradually increasing impact on the JJJM region's ES balance. Overall, this study enhanced spatio-temporal understanding of the driving factors of ES balance differentiation, and offered a scientific basis for ecological policy-making and the development and transition of socio-economic activities, which could prove to be invaluable in promoting the coordinated development of regional ecologies and economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously showed that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) plays a crucial role in acute inflammatory bowel disease and that intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of Crohn's disease (CD). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important hallmark of fibrogenesis through which epithelial cells lose their epithelial phenotype and transform into mesenchymal cells. It is known that the VDR plays an essential role in epithelial integrity and mitochondrial function, but its role in intestinal fibrosis remains unknown. Here, we investigated whether the VDR is involved in epithelial mitochondrial dysfunction that results in EMT in intestinal fibrosis. Using human CD samples, intestine-specific VDR-KO mice, and fibroblast cellular models, we showed that the expression of the VDR was significantly lower in intestinal stenotic areas than in nonstenotic areas in patients with chronic CD. Genetic deletion of the VDR in the intestinal epithelium exacerbated intestinal fibrosis in mice administered with dextran sulfate sodium or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, two experimental colitis inducers. In addition, we found that vitamin D dietary intervention regulated intestinal fibrosis by modulating the intestinal expression of the VDR. Mechanistically, knocking down the VDR in both CCD-18Co cells and human primary colonic fibroblasts promoted fibroblast activation, whereas VDR overexpression or VDR agonist administration inhibited fibroblast activation. Further analysis illustrated that the VDR inhibited EMT in the HT29 cell model and that mitochondrial dysfunction mediated epithelial integrity and barrier function in VDR-deficient epithelial cells. Together, our data for the first time demonstrate that VDR activation alleviates intestinal fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast activation and epithelial mitochondria-mediated EMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A facile approach to the versatile chiral building block 2 was developed based on glutamic acid, whereby a new method for asymmetric synthesis of sex pheromone 1 was explored from cheap glutamic acid. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Parkinson disease autosomal recessive, early onset 7 (PARK7 or DJ-1) is involved in multiple physiological processes and exerts anti-apoptotic effects on multiple cell types. Increased intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis and excessive activation of the p53 signaling pathway is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). However, whether DJ-1 plays a role in colitis is unclear. To determine whether DJ-1 deficiency is involved in the p53 activation that results in IEC apoptosis in colitis, here we performed immunostaining, real-time PCR, and immunoblotting analyses to assess DJ-1 expression in human UC and CD samples. In the inflamed intestines of individuals with IBD, DJ-1 expression was decreased and negatively correlated with p53 expression. DJ-1 deficiency significantly aggravated colitis, evidenced by increased intestinal inflammation and exacerbated IEC apoptosis. Moreover, DJ-1 directly interacted with p53, and reduced DJ-1 levels increased p53 levels both in vivo and in vitro and were associated with decreased p53 degradation via the lysosomal pathway. We also induced experimental colitis with dextran sulfate sodium in mice and found that compared with DJ-1-/- mice, DJ-1-/-p53-/- mice have reduced apoptosis and inflammation and increased epithelial barrier integrity. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of p53 relieved inflammation in the DJ-1-/- mice. In conclusion, reduced DJ-1 expression promotes inflammation and IEC apoptosis via p53 in colitis, suggesting that the modulation of DJ-1 expression may be a potential therapeutic strategy for managing colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Helicobacter pylori is associated with the majority of gastric disorders and the antibiotic resistant rates have increased annually worldwide. Anisomeles indica and its constituent, ovatodiolide (OVT), were shown to have bactericide activity against Helicobacter pylori. The aim of this study was to manufacture extracts containing the effective constituent, OVT, and evaluate their bactericidal function and the inhibition of inflammatory responses to Helicobacter pylori infection. Materials and methods: Various concentrations of ethanol for extraction of Anisomeles indica were performed and the content of OVT was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The anti-bacterial activity of Anisomeles indica ethanol extracts and the constituent OVT were determined. Additional experiments were performed to investigate the Anisomeles indica ethanol extracts and OVT to inhibit the Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation of both gastric epithelial cells and macrophages. Results: Amongst the extracts tested, 50% and 95% ethanol extracts contained large amount of OVT and showed potent anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. An in vitro Helicobacter pylori-infection model revealed that 95% ethanol extract attenuated Helicobacter pylori-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity and interleukin (IL)-8 secretion of gastric epithelial cells. In addition, 95% ethanol extract significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) by macrophages. Conclusions: This study reveals that Anisomeles indica ethanol extracts containing OVT may be a potent and economic therapeutic agent for Helicobacter pylori infection and attenuation of Helicobacter pylori-mediated inflammation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Euryhaline tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) survived in brackish water (BW; 20‰) but died in seawater (SW; 35‰) within 6 h when transferred directly from fresh water (FW). The purpose of this study was to clarify responses in gills of FW tilapia to various hyperosmotic shocks induced by BW or SW. In FW-acclimated tilapia, scanning electron micrographs of gills revealed three subtypes of MR cell apical surfaces: wavy-convex (subtype I), shallow-basin (subtype II), and deep-hole (subtype III). Density of apical surfaces of mitochondrion-rich (MR) cell in gills of the BW-transfer tilapia decreased significantly within 3 h post-transfer due to disappearance of subtype I cells, but increased from 48 h post-transfer because of increasing density of subtype III cells. SW-transfer individuals, however, showed decreased density of MR cell openings after 1 h post-transfer because subtype I MR cell disappeared. On the other hand, relative branchial Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) α1-subunit mRNA levels, protein abundance, and NKA activity of the BW-transfer group increased significantly at 6, 12, and 12 h post-transfer, respectively. In the SW-transfer group, relative mRNA and protein abundance of gill NKA α1-subunit did not change while NKA activity declined before dying in 5 h. Upon SW transfer, dramatic increases (nearly 2-fold) of plasma osmolality, [Na+], and [Cl−] were found prior to death. For the BW-transfer group, plasma osmolality was eventually controlled by 96 h post-transfer by enhancement of NKA expression and subtype III MR cell. The success or failure of NKA activation from gene to functional protein as well as the development of specific SW subtype in gills were crucial for the survival of euryhaline tilapia to various hyperosmotic shocks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Phases of a Cu–0.31%Cr–0.21%Zr alloy were analyzed by scanning electronic microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and transmission electronic microscope (TEM). The EDXS results showed that there are three types of phases in the alloy, Cu-matrix, chromium-rich and zirconium-rich phases; coarse phases mainly consist of zirconium-rich phase. TEM result showed that fine chromium distributed in matrix and Cu51Zr14 phase was found in matrix. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]