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Herein we developed a multicolor lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test strip for rapid and simultaneous quantitative detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN). Three differently colored aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles (AIENPs) were designed as LFIA signal tags, with red and green AIENPs for targeting AFB1 and ZEN at the test line, and yellow AIENPs for indicating the validity of the test strip at the control (C) line. After surface functionalization with antibodies, the developed AIENP-based multicolor LFIA allows simultaneous and accurate quantification of AFB1 and ZEN using an independent C-line assisted ratiometric signal output strategy. The detection limits of AFB 1 and ZEN were 6.12 and 26 pg/mL, respectively. The potential of this method for real-world applications was well demonstrated in corn and wheat. Overall, this multicolor LFIA shows great potential for field screening of multiple mycotoxins and can be extended to rapid and simultaneous monitoring of other small molecule targets. • Three AIENPs with distinguishable red, green, and yellow fluorescence were designed as LFIA signal tags. • The AIENP-based multicolor LFIA can accurately quantify AFB1 and ZEN simultaneously. • The detection limits for AFB1 and ZEN were 6.12 and 26 pg/mL, respectively. • The real-world application of this method in corn and wheat was well demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel orange-yellow aggregation induced emission nanoparticles (AIENPs) were prepared. • AIENPs were used as signal-amplification fluorescence probes of ICA to detect OTA. • The IC 50 of this method is 0.149 ng mL−1 with an LOD of 0.042 ng mL−1. • The method demonstrates good repeatability and accuracy in detecting OTA. Herein, we report a novel aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles (AIENPs)-based immunochromatography assay (ICA) platform to detect ochratoxin A (OTA) using orange-yellow-emitting AIENPs as fluorescent nanoprobes. Immunochromatographic strip is used for the quantitative detection of OTA in crop matrix using AIENPs coupled with anti-OTA ascites. Under optimal conditions, AIENPs-ICA exhibits stronger signal output capacity and higher sensitivity than traditional gold nanoparticles-based ICA. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration is as low as 0.149 ng mL−1, and the limit detection is 0.042 ng mL−1 at 10 % competitive inhibition concentration. The average recovery of AIENPs-ICA ranges from 82.60 % to 113.14 % with the coefficient of variation ranging from 1.26 % to 11.57 %, proving the proposed method possesses good reliability and reproducibility. Moreover, the developed AIENPs-ICA exhibits negligible cross-reactions with other mycotoxins. We believe the presented AIENPs-ICA platform holds promising potential as a powerful tool for on-site detection of OTA and other molecules detection in food samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) is a progressive, nonneoplastic overgrowth of the condyle of the temporomandibular joint. For treating active UCH, a popular method combines orthognathic surgery with high condylectomy and orthodontic treatment. The goal of this study was to introduce a new method to correct asymmetry for active UCH.Methods: Retrospectively, 47 patients with active UCH were divided into horizontal-type, vertical-type, and combined-type. All patients were treated with condylectomy plus postsurgery standard orthodontics (CPSO) with applied miniscrews implanted in infrazygomatic crest and hard palate to intrude affected side of maxillary molars and apply intermaxillary traction for contralateral molars. Cone-beam computed tomography was taken at presurgery, postsurgery, and the end of orthodontics (T3).Results: In the vertical (n = 10) and combined (n = 28) types, deviation of the chin and the canting of the mandible and maxillary occlusal plane were significantly reduced at T3. A difference in the torque of bilateral maxillary first molar (U6) and bilateral mandibular first molar (L6) was significantly reduced at T3. The anterior, superior, and posterior joint spaces in the vertical-type and combined-type were significantly decreased at T3 compared with postsurgery. In contrast, in the horizontal-type group (n = 9), the deviation of the chin was corrected; however, the canting of the mandible and maxillary occlusal plane was significantly increased at T3 compared with presurgery.Conclusions: CPSO restored facial and occlusal symmetry for vertical-type and combined-type active UCH and returned affected-side condyle to the glenoid fossa. However, CPSO was not suitable for treating the horizontal-type UCH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper investigates the problem of chaos and hyper-chaos control, and proposes a simple adaptive feedback control method for chaos control under a reasonable assumption. In comparison with previous methods, the present control technique is simple both in the form of the controller and its application. Several illustrative examples with numerical simulations are studied by using the results obtained in this paper. Study of examples shows that our control method works very well in chaos control. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper investigates the problem of chaos control, and proposes a simple adaptive feedback control method for it under a reasonable assumption. In comparison with previous methods, the present control technique is simple both in the form of the controller and in its application. A numerical example using the Genesio chaotic system verifies the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose: To compare the outcome of inferior and superior joint space injection of sodium hyaluronate in patients with disc displacement without reduction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty patients with disc displacement without reduction of TMJ were randomized into 2 experimental groups. One group of patients received superior joint space injections of sodium hyaluronate and the other group was treated with inferior joint space injections. Patient''s TMJ status and clinical symptoms were evaluated at the 3 and 6 month follow-up appointments. The clinical parameters recorded were maximal mouth opening (MMO), pain intensity on a visual analog scale (VAS), and modified Helkimo''s clinical dysfunction index and analyzed with ANCOVA. Results: Fifty of the superior and 54 of the inferior joint space injection therapy group returned for the 3 and 6 month evaluations; 86.67% of the patients were retained in the follow-up. MMO, VAS, and Helkimo''s index of both groups improved at the 3 and 6 month follow-ups. The results of MMO changes and TMJ function were almost the same in both groups at 3 month follow-up. However, there was a significant reduction in TMJ pain in the inferior joint injection group at 3 month follow-up compared with the superior joint injection group (P < .001). There were also significant differences between the inferior joint injection group and superior joint injection group in MMO (P < .005), VAS (P < .001), and Helkimo''s index (P < .001) at 6 month follow-up. Conclusion: This study showed that inferior joint space injection with sodium hyaluronate is a valid method of treating disc displacement without reduction of TMJ and a long-term study will be needed to assess the effect of inferior joint injection on the morphologic changes of the TMJ. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Lithium-ion migration at the WO 3 /electrolyte interface is governed by the phase transformation mechanism by which metastable states are replaced from one phase to another. Herein, an in situ single nanowire-based cell is constructed to investigate the dynamic phase transformation and morphology evolution of h-WO 3 nanowire in real-time during its deep lithiation. One of the most significant features of h-WO 3 lithiation is the irreversible transformation from h-WO 3 to Li 2 WO 4. There are a large number of deep ion-trapping sites composed of 4 O atoms in Li 2 WO 4 crystal structure, that is, inserted lithium ions are irreversibly bound in these traps and nearly cannot be deintercalated. A mechanism on irreversible WO 3 -to-Li 2 WO 4 transformation in deep lithiation reaction is demonstrated. With the aid of in situ transmission electron microscopy, we controllably triggered lithium-ion migration at the WO 3 /electrolyte interface and directly visualized the nanoscale lithium-ion migration as a stop motion movie. Hexagonal WO 3 irreversible transformation to Li 2 WO 4 can be experimentally demonstrated via in situ HRTEM in the deep lithiation process including the initial activation of the lithium metal, the wetting of a single WO 3 nanowire and the migration of lithium ions into WO 3 , and the restructuring of hexagonal WO 3. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The liquid film spreading width for the superhydrophilic tube is two times higher than that of plain surface and little relevance to spray density. • The increment of flow rate leads to the increase in frequency of the impacting droplet instead of droplet volume. • The periodic behavior of liquid film fluctuation in droplet mode was observed. Falling film on horizontal tube banks is widely used in heat transfer exchangers and absorbers due to its high heat and mass transfer performance. The superhydrophilic surface can effectively ameliorate the wettability of the tube wall and maintain thin film even at a very low spray density. Both of them play the dominating role in heat and mass transfer process. In this paper, a thermal tracing method was employed to investigate the liquid spreading feature and film fluctuation characteristics over a horizontal superhydrophilic tube. The results showed that the liquid film spreading width for the superhydrophilic tube was two times higher than that of the plain surface. Interestingly, as the liquid film extended continuously along the tube surface, the spreading width exhibited little relevance to the spray density under the current experimental condition for the superhydrophilic tube. Furthermore, in the case of droplet mode, the increment of flow rate leaded to an increase in the frequency of the impacting droplet instead of the droplet volume. Finally, the periodic behavior of liquid film fluctuation in droplet mode was observed as well, which demonstrated higher fluctuation intensity than that of other flow modes. The superhydrophilic-aided drop mode is of value in exploring the efficient, precise, and feasible technique for falling liquid film on a horizontal tube especially for ultralow spray density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the accumulation of trapped ions in host structures, electrochromic devices (ECDs) suffer from diminished optical modulation and reduced device efficiency under long-term charge insertions and extractions. The accumulation of trapped ions also results in structural changes and mechanical degradation of the electrochromic film, for which very few studies are currently on hand. Here, we report on an explorative study about the mechanical degradation for a WO 3 -based monolithic ECD: glass/ITO/WO 3 /LiClO 4 (PEO)/TiO 2 /ITO/glass. For the WO 3 EC film, both the electrochemical degradation from cyclic voltammetry and the volume expansion by in-situ AFM monitoring were studied. Under the collective effects of these two aspects, the mechanical degradation process of the ECD was recorded through surface morphology evolutions of the WO 3 film during life cycling of the ECD to its final failure for up to 90 000 cycles. The surface morphology of the WO 3 film underwent three stages: (I) it first became increasingly denser and denser when the cycles were low, approximately 10 000 times; (II) when the cycles went up to 30 000 times or more, the surface of the WO 3 film had an uneven distribution, with some dense islands surrounded by loose areas; and (III) when the cycling continued, this situation got worse, and finally, the WO 3 film started to crack. This exploration provides new insights into the degradation mechanism of WO 3 -based ECDs upon repetitive insertions and extractions of Li ions in practical use. • The ratio Q ex /Q in decreased from an original 54 % to the final 23 % after 1200 cycles at a higher rate than both Q ex and Q in. • A ratio of 5.8 % of the volume expansion for the deeply-colored WO 3 film was in-situ observed. • Mechanical degradation process of the ECD was first recorded through surface morphology evolution of the WO 3 films. • The surface morphology evolution showed three stages: first densification, uneven distribution and final cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3-δ (BCZYYb) is one of the most popular electrolyte materials in proton ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs). The synthesizing method and properties of BCZYYb powders have a significant impact on the sintering activity of electrolyte materials. In this work, the BCZYYb electrolyte was synthesized by ammonium bicarbonate co-precipitation method (CPT), and was compared with the powder produced by solid-state reaction (SSR) and sol-gel (SG) methods. XRD results show the BCZYYb powder synthesized by the CPT method belongs to orthorhombic crystal system with a space group of Pmcn (No. 62) and the refined lattice parameters are a = 8.774 Å, b = 6.173 Å, and c = 6.203 Å. In humid air atmosphere, the total conductivity at 650 °C and the activation energy for the BCZYYb powder prepared via the CPT method was 2.1 × 10−2 S cm−1 and 0.46 eV, respectively, as compared with 1.9 × 10−2 S cm−1 and 0.45 eV for the SSR method, and 1.8 × 10−2 S cm−1 and 0.44 eV for the SG method. Under similar testing conditions, the measured peak power densities were 0.51, 0.35, and 0.40 W cm−2 at 650 °C for the anode supported PCFCs using electrolyte powder prepared via CPT, SSR and SG methods, respectively, which proves the CPT method is an effective and viable route for PCFCs applications. • BCZYYb powders are successfully prepared by CPT, SG, and SSR methods. • The CPT method shows better conductivity and performance than the other methods under similar testing conditions. • A 600-h test showed the cell with electrolyte prepared by the CPT method has a good long-term stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Condylar hyperplasia (CH) is a complex disorder of the temporomandibular joint. Many studies have focused on cartilage proliferation, but the behavior of the synovium in CH is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of angiogenic-associated factors in the synovium and to discuss the possible role of the synovium in CH progression. Study Design: CH condylar tissues were stained by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and proliferative activity was confirmed by single-photon emission computed tomography. Synovial cells isolated from the temporomandibular joint of patients with CH were collected, and flow cytometric analysis was used to examine the expression of CD34 and CD44. The gene expression of FGF-2, MMP1, MMP3, and MMP13 in synovial cells was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of VEGF, FGF-2, ANG1, DKK1, TSP1, MMP1, MMP3, MMP13, TIMP1, and TIMP3. Results: The typical hyperplastic area and activity were observed in condylar tissues. The expression of VEGF, FGF-2, ANG1, DKK1, TIMP1, TIMP3, and CD34 was significantly increased in the synovial cells of CH, but TSP1, MMP1, MMP3, and MMP13 expression was decreased. Conclusions: This study exhibited a potential role for proangiogenic factors in the pathogenesis of CH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Onplants can be used as temporary anchorage devices for orthodontic tooth movement and orthopedic protraction of the maxilla. The device requires 3 to 4 months of osseointegration and can be removed after the orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of osseointegration and the biomechanical properties of onplants during various healing periods in an animal model. Methods: Sixteen rabbits were used in the study, and 3 onplants were placed on the calvaria of each rabbit (n = 48). The rabbits were divided into 4 healing-period groups with 12 onplants in each group: 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. At the end of the healing periods, the animals were killed, and bone blocks, each containing an onplant, were prepared for either histologic examination or biomechanical characterization. Results: The histologic and histomorphometric results showed significant increases in bone formation or bone contact ratio at the bone-onplant interface in the 8-week and 12-week groups when compared with the 2-week and 4-week groups (P <.05). Under a light microscope, smaller and fewer osteoblasts—a sign of maturity of the osteoblast—were observed in the 8-week and 12-week groups when compared with the 4-week group. However, evaluation of the biomechanical properties of the onplants showed that the shear force increased with the length of healing period (7.56 ± 2.92, 75.30 ± 9.64, 155.56 ± 12.15, and 305.71 ± 12.74 N for the 4 healing periods, respectively), and significant differences were found between the 8-week and the 12-week healing periods (P <.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that osseointegration occurred mainly after the 4-week healing period. The shear force of onplants increased with healing time, suggesting that shear force is not necessarily determined by the area of newly formed bone, but to a certain degree depends also on the density of the newly formed bone. The notion of loading onplants for orthodontic tooth movement as early as possible needs further clinical study for verification. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper presents a study of the heat transfer characteristics of new construction - brick masonry with fly ash blocks. Four forms of wall samples were tested to evaluate their heat transfer performance. Based on the mechanism of the thermal conductivity of clay bricks, RCB (recycled concrete bricks) and fly ash blocks, an actual value calculation method for determining the heat transfer coefficient suitable for engineering design was proposed. By analyzing and comparing the experimental values with the theoretical and actual values of the test samples, the proposed method was proved to be reasonably correct; it used RCB instead of ordinary clay bricks and a composite wall with fly ash blocks showed an enhanced insulation effect. New construction of brick masonry with fly ash blocks not only is good for the environment, but also provides good thermal insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Novel MnCO3/α-Fe2O3 nanocrystal heterostructures, with MnCO3 nanorods 5–10nm in diameter and 15–50nm in length, grown onto the surfaces of the α-Fe2O3 nanohexahedrons sized around 30–50nm, were fabricated via a two-step solvothermal route. The coalescent planes of the heterostructure for the MnCO3 nanorod and the α-Fe2O3 nanohexahedron were determined to be (01̅4) and (110), respectively. The formation of the MnCO3 nanorods from the Mn contained amorphous flakes was tracked by transmission electron microscopy observations at various reaction stages, which suggested a rolling–broken–growth process. Evidenced by the comparative experimental result, the α-Fe2O3 nanohexahedrons played an important role in inducing the nucleation and growth of the hexagonal MnCO3 nanorods on their surfaces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Field gas explosion experiments were conducted on two types of polyurea coated metal plates (PCMPs). The explosion resistance performance of PCMP were quantified based on failure criteria and relative deformation. The failure mechanism of PCMP was analyzed from the perspective of stress propagation and polyurea phase transition. The results showed that under the fluctuating upward gas explosion load, the dynamic response process of PCMP gradually transitioned from quasi elastic-plastic vibration to enhanced plastic deformation. The structural response of PCMP in both the elastic and elastic-plastic stages conformed to the overpressure criterion. The wave impedance mismatch existed in PCMP, and the explosion resistance of PCMP was significantly affected by polyurea layer and substrate type. The polyurea of PCMP did not enter a significant glass transition stage under gas explosion load. The weak glass transition of polyurea can maintain its elastic properties, thereby dispersing stress concentration in the substrate, and alleviating metal necking. • Systematic gas explosion tests were carried out on polyurea coated metal plates (PCMPs). • Failure criterion calculation and quantification of blast resistance of PCMP were performed. • Failure mechanism of PCMP was analyzed from the perspective of stress propagation. • The energy dissipation mechanism of polyurea was elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas explosion can cause great structural damage to the semi-submersible platform, so understanding the gas explosion dynamics is critical to avoid the accident and its escalation to a major disaster. In this study, gas explosion experiments were conducted at a semi-submersible platform with dimensions of 3.09 m × 3.29 m × 3.46 m. Both pressure-time histories and flame evolutions were recorded from experiments. A 3D numerical model was developed in OpenFOAM and validated by experimental data. Numerical results show two flame regimes, and the transition between two flame regimes occurred close to the drilling and accommodation module, where congestion and confinement exist. The flame propagation is dominated by hydrodynamics instabilities, and it can be accelerated by congested obstacles. The transition between two flame regimes can induce the large local overpressure. For a long-distance ignition, the largest overpressure peak is located at the accommodation module of the offshore platform. For the ignition in the drilling module, a larger overpressure occurs at both the left and right edges of the main deck of offshore platform. For both ignition positions, the middle part of drilling derrick has the larger overpressure peak. This work provides theoretical support to design mitigation measures on semi-submersible platforms. • Premixed propane-air mixture explosion experiments from semi-submersible platform were conducted. • 3D numerical modeling of gas explosion by using OpenFOAM was developed and validated. • Mechanism of gas explosion from semi-submersible platform was discovered. • Outcomes provide theoretical backing to design explosion-mitigation measures on semi-submersible platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sm 2 Co 17 -type permanent magnets have important application value due to their advanced magnetic properties, which can be ascribed to their unique cellular structure and element segregation in various phases developed after isothermal aging treatment. In this study, the evolution of the microstructure combined with the microchemistry of Sm 2 Co 17 -type magnets from solid solution precursor to the cellular structure is investigated, and a new insight into the formation of the cellular structure is provided. We report for the first time that a large number of strip-like nanoscale short-range ordered micro-domains are distributed in the disordered matrix of the solution precursor, which serve as the nucleation centers in the formation of the embryos of the cellular structure. Based on atomic scale structural analyses, a new mechanism concerning the ordering transformation from short-range 2:17R microtwins to long-range 2:17R phase is proposed, involving collective glide of three partial dislocations on successive basal planes with the net Burgers vector to be zero. Furthermore, microchemistry analysis reveals that the segregation of Cu and Fe in the early stage of isothermal aging is accelerated substantially during the ordering transformation, indicating that the ordering transformation can act as a new driving force for element segregation in Sm 2 Co 17 -type magnets. These findings provide new considerations for the development of high performance Sm 2 Co 17 -type magnets. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microstructure of ribbons interface was optimized by doping the hexagonal boron nitride nanoplatelets (h-BNNP) in hot-deformed magnets. The remanence increased markedly and reached to a maximum value of 14.06 kGs. The coercivity and the energy product exhibited similar variation trends to the remanence, showing maxima of 16.92 kOe and 49 MGOe, respectively. Microscopy observations revealed that surface grains of ribbons tended to align with the interior grains due to the uniform local compressive stress induced by h-BNNP with relatively large flat surface, resulting in hot-deformed magnets with microscopically homogeneous structure and improved texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realization of chemical diversity of MAX phases is distinctive and important to screen out their unique physiochemical properties for prospective applications. Compared with well-known 25 M-site elements and 23 A-site elements, the option of X-site element is under-explored and restricted in few non-metal elements such as C, N and B. Herein, a chalcogen element selenium was found to be a new member to occupy X site in MAX phases which were stabilized through boron alloying. A series of Zr 2 Se(B 1-x Se x) phases were successfully prepared with occupancy rate x up to 0.97. The crystal structure of these chalcogenide MAX phase was comprehensively characterized and confirmed by Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD), atom-resolved transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The variation of M 6 X octahedral distortion and the difference in binding energy between Zr 6 Se and Zr 6 B octahedra were found to contribute the phase transformation from boride MAX phase to chalcogenide MAX phase. The effect of occupancy of Se at X site on electrical conductivity of MAX phase was studied and discussed by first-principles calculations, which indicates that the deterioration of carrier motility induced by the strong binding of Zr 6 Se octahedron in MX sublayers leads to the reduction of electrical conductivity. This work also provides a new route to tune the physiochemical properties of MAX phases through the regulation of their basic M 6 X octahedron units. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] LNMO and LANMO hollow microspheres are synthesized by template method. [•] The as-synthesized hollow microspheres have particle-size of 2μm. [•] The hollow structure is responsible for improved electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The effects of Dy addition on the thermal stability, glass-forming ability (GFA), magnetic and mechanical properties of quaternary (Fe0.76−x Dy x B0.24)96Nb4 (x = 0–0.07) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) were investigated. Increasing Dy content from x = 0 to 0.05 extended the supercooled liquid region up to 112 K, allowing the fabrication by copper mold casting of BMGs rods with 5.5 mm in diameter. The high GFA was found to be related to the structure of primary crystalline phase. For the x = 0.05 alloy, the competitive formation process of the complex Fe23B6 and Dy2Fe14B phases enabled to obtain the largest GFA value. Moreover, the Fe–Dy–B–Nb BMGs exhibited good soft-magnetic properties, i.e., high saturation magnetization of 1.18–0.56 T and low coercive force of 1.9–21.6 A/m. In addition, the glassy alloy rods also showed high compressive fracture strengths of 4400–4150 MPa and high Vickers hardness of 1110–1090 kg/mm2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• CDEM-based cross-scale efficient simulation method for full time-space natural fragment field of shell-bearing explosives is proposed. • CDEM takes into account the complex situation such as explosives in stacked storage and multipoint ignition. • Natural fragment discrete unit generation algorithm based on continuous mechanics is designed. • Efficient point-face and face-face contact algorithms for simulating the interactions between the charges is designed. • Dynamic drag flight calculations method is designed. The fragment field distribution of shell-bearing explosives is important to ensure safety during the production and storage of inflammable and explosive materials. This study uses the continuous-discontinuous element method (CDEM) for the first time to solve the problems encountered when simulating shell-bearing explosives such as natural fragment generation and cross-scale calculation. With the coupling computation of the finite-discrete element as its core, we design the natural fragment discrete unit generation algorithm by utilizing the shell equivalent layer-detonation product dissipation model based on continuous mechanics, dynamic drag flight calculations, and efficient point-face and face-face contact algorithms. Thus, a method has been established for the complete simulation of a full time-space field for natural fragments (from burst to fragment landing) of shelled explosives. In particular, CDEM, takes into account the complex situation wherein multiple explosions are initiated due to the shelled explosives being stacked on one another during storage. Comparisons with commercial software (AUTODYN) calculations and test data validate the accuracy and efficiency of the method, thereby providing adequate conditions for performing a refined study on fragment distributions and safe distances associated with shell explosives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Effects of Dy addition on the glass-forming ability (GFA), thermal stability, and crystallization behavior in (Fe0.75− x Dy x B0.2Si0.05)96Nb4 (x =0–0.07) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) were investigated. The thermal stability of the supercooled liquid was greatly improved by alloying with a small amount of Dy. The largest supercooled liquid region of 100K was achieved for the x =0.04 alloy, leading to the best GFA with a diameter of 4mm. The activation energy for the first crystallization peak increased with the addition of Dy. However, adding more Dy may also increase the frequency factor and change the primary precipitation phase from Fe23B6 phase into DyFe11Si and DyFe3 phases, decreasing the thermal stability of the supercooled liquid. The possible relation between GFA and thermal stability, as well as crystallization behavior is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The sodium borosilicate glass doped with indium nanocrystals have been successfully prepared by sol–gel route. The thermal stability behavior of the stiff gel is investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal (DTA) analysis. The crystal structure of the glass is characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Particle composition is determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Size and distribution of the nanocrystals are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Results show that the indium nanocrystals in tetragonal crystal structure have formed in glass, and the average diameter is about 30nm. Further, the glass is measured by Z-scan technique to investigate the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. The third-order NLO coefficient χ (3) of the glass is determined to be 2.81×10−10 esu. The glass with large third-order NLO coefficient is promising materials for applications in optical devices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The novel Co3O4 cubic nanoframes, sized in ca. 30 nm, were firstly fabricated via a facile solvothermal route. Based on the transmission electron microscopy and the powder X-ray diffraction analyses of the time-dependent products, a mechanism of facet-preferential chemical etching of Fe3+ ions to the pre-synthesized Co3O4 nanocubes is proposed for the formation of Co3O4 cubic nanoframes. This synthetic strategy can probably be extended to fabricate nanoframes of some other binary metal oxides, by designing similar chemical etching process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• CsPbCl 3 and CsPbI 3 nanocrystals coexisted in glass by in-situ crystallization. • Photon-reabsorbed CsPbCl 3 :CsPbI 3 NCs glass had high fluorescence properties. • CsPbCl 3 :CsPbI 3 NCs glass exhibited superior water and thermal stability. • The emission intensity remained >95% after immersion in water for up to 60 days. • LED assembled by CsPbCl 3 :CsPbI 3 NCs glass can significantly promote plant growth. Many previous studies have reported that because of the large difference between the ionic radii of Cl and I, halogen exchange is difficult to occur between CsPbCl 3 and CsPbI 3 perovskite nanocrystals, and the interaction between CsPbCl 3 and CsPbI 3 NCs will lead to their dissolution. In this work, two kinds of nanocrystals, CsPbCl 3 and CsPbI 3 , were successfully crystallized simultaneously in glass by an in-situ growth method for the first time. Because of the effective reabsorption of photons, the CsPbCl 3 :CsPbI 3 nanocrystals displayed higher fluorescence emission intensity and higher photoluminescence quantum yield than those of CsPbI 3 nanocrystals. In addition, CsPbCl 3 :CsPbI 3 nanocrystal glasses showed excellent water resistance and thermal stability, which benefited from the effective protection of the glass matrix. In particular, the fluorescence intensity of the nanocomposites remained above 95% after immersion in water for 60 days. Light-emitting devices were prepared by combining a near-infrared-emitting CsPbCl 3 :CsPbI 3 nanocrystal glass and 400 nm LED chip, which were applied to indoor plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]