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Although cellular therapy holds enormous promise in treating intractable diseases, its application potential has been significantly hampered due to the scarcity of reliable and consistent cell sources. Therefore, a high-efficiency strategy that improves cell production and storage is desperately needed. Herein, we develop a versatile 3D bioinspired scaffold (Cryosilk) for improving scalable cell manufacture and cryopreservation. A bottom-up fabrication technique integrating electrospinning, in situ surface functionalization and freeze-shaping was explored to construct Cryosilk with biomimetic features and functions of silkworm cocoons. Cryosilk is composed of a core-shell heterostructure with silk fibroin/poly alanine fiber core and silk sericin shell, generating a 3D cocoon-mimicking fibrous structure. Importantly, Cryosilk possesses improved thermal conductivity and ice crystal resistance capability, thus enabling to cryopreserve biological samples with minimal cryodamage. Furthermore, Cryosilk not only promotes cell adhesion and growth, but achieves rapid and uniform rewarming process, which provides high cryopreservation efficacy for immune cells and stem cells. Particularly, Cryosilk can maintain cell viability and biofunctions of stem cell-scaffold constructs after freeze-thawing, which can be directly implanted to promote wound healing. Thus, Cryosilk offers unprecedented efficacy in cell manufacture and cryopreservation, which provides sufficient and high-quality precious cells and tissue engineered scaffolds for cellular therapy. [Display omitted] • 3D scaffold (Cryosilk) is developed for improving cell manufacture and cryopreservation. • Cryosilk has fibroin/poly alanine core and sericin shell fabricated by a bottom-up technique. • Cells with Cryosilk maintain high cell viability and functions after cryopreservation. • Cell-Cryosilk constructs can be directly implanted to restore tissue defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical translation of cellular therapy is hampered by the scarcity of reliable and consistent cell sources. In this study, we developed an exquisite scaffold featuring the hierarchical structure and biofunctions of silkworm cocoons (CryoSiCo), for boosting cell manufacture and cryopreservation. CryoSiCo was constructed by a creative bottom-up fabrication technique integrating electrospinning, in situ surface functionalization and freeze-shaping, generating a 3D cocoon-mimicking fibrous scaffold composed of graphene oxide-incorporated polylactic acid/gelatin inner fiber core and alginate outer fiber shell. CryoSiCo provided rapid and uniform rewarming for cryopreserved cells, and maximally maintained cell viability and proliferation capability, allowing for effective cryopreservation. Importantly, CryoSiCo could cryopreserve stem cell-scaffold constructs with high cell survival and functions, which can be directly implanted to restore tissue defects. Thus, CryoSiCo represents an appealing biomimetic strategy for storing precious cells and tissue engineered constructs, showing a broad application for fundamental research and applied medicine. • An integrative fabrication strategy is developed for constructing 3D fibrous CryoSiCo. • CryoSiCo has PLA/gelatin/graphene oxide fiber core and alginate fiber shell. • Unique structure endows CryoSiCo with a rapid and uniform freeze-thawing process. • Alginate modification of CryoSiCo enables inhibition of ice crystal growth. • Cryopreserved cells with CryoSiCo maintain high cell viability and functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Lithographical nanostructures were achieved on PMMA films by AFM ploughing. • The lithography conditions for the well-defined PMMA nanostructures were revealed. • OLED nanoarrays were realized based on the isolated resist channels by AFM ploughing. Fabrication of micro-nanoscaled organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with uniformity and scalability has emerged as a promising technology in next-generation displays and light sources. Patterning polymer resist into well-defined structures is a crucial step in the fabrication of optoelectronic device arrays, especially for cost-effectively fabricating lithographical sub-micro resist structures. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) ploughing is promising for patterning high-resolution polymer resist structures owing to nanoscaled resolution, high controllability, with relatively low cost under flexible working conditions. However, the defects of structures resulting from polymer debris contamination or spin-coated film exfoliation in ploughing procedure limit their further application in fabrication of device arrays. Herein, lithographical poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resist patterns in micro-nanoscale with excellent reproducibility and uniformity are achieved via AFM mechanical ploughing at the optimized lithography conditions. Taking use of the isolated PMMA cavities as current channels, we fabricate prototype OLED arrays with pixels of 500 nm and 1 μm. This work paves the way for developing a tip-based mechanical lithography approach to fabricate micro-nanoscaled optoelectronic devices in a simple and low-cost way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding of interface electronic property of organic/organic heterostructures is one of the important issues for the development of organic electronics. Herein, we report the visualization of both morphology and interface potential profile of two similar organic/organic heterostructures using Kelvin probe force microscopy. Both heterostructures adopt pentacene molecules as the top layer and using two conjugate oligomers as the bottom layer. Although they show similar morphology but exhibit significant differences in device performance, which can be understood from the results measured with Kelvin probe force microscopy. The 2D surface potential mapping at the organic/organic interface with submonolayer morphology provides a striking contrast between the two heterostrutures, which is directly related to the interface electronic properties. Moreover, a charge transfer effect was clearly observed in the pentacene/ p -6P system which further enhanced the charge transport in the devices. This study provides a simple route to gain thorough understanding of organic/organic interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • S atoms are doped into N-rich Mo 5 N 6 through controlled topochemical substitution. • The S dopants induce the electron redistribution of Mo 5 N 6. • DFT simulations reveal the optimized ΔG H* value of −0.06 eV on the basal planes. • S-Mo 5 N 6 can achieve 10 mA cm−2 with an overpotential of 56 mV and a Tafel slope of 37.9 mV dec-1. Nitrogen-rich transition metal nitrides (e.g., Mo 5 N 6) have emerged as promising catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) owing to their unique electronic properties and structural stability. However, the higher valence of metal atoms with strong hydrogen adsorption blocks the subsequent desorption process, leading to unsatisfactory HER activity. In this study, we devise a topochemical route for the synthesis of sulfur-doped Mo 5 N 6 through the controlled ammoniation of MoS 2. Experiments and density functional theory simulations reveal that the sulfur dopants reform the localized configurations of Mo 5 N 6 , thereby inducing the electron redistribution and optimizing the hydrogen adsorption energy on the basal plane. Consequently, extraordinary HER performance with an overpotential of 56 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 37.9 mV dec-1 are achieved, outperforming most reported Mo nitride-based electrocatalysts. This work provides a feasible strategy to explore efficient electrocatalysts by electronic structure refinement using heteroatom dopants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two carbazole or carbazole-3-carbonitrile/pyridine-based bipolar materials were designed and synthesized as the hosts for solution-processed sky-blue PhOLEDs and green TADF-OLEDs. The solution-processed blue PhOLEDs based on 2,6-CzPy and CN-2,6-CzPy were fabricated exhibiting CE max of 27.4, 14.0 cd A−1 and PE max of 11.1, 5.6 lm W−1. Remarkably, the turn-on voltage (V on) of device A and B based on 2,6-CzPy drops slightly, as the doping concentration increasing from 10% to 15%. The green TADF-OLED based on 2,6-CzPy shows CE max of 10.6 cd A−1, EQE of 3.0%. Although the rational introduction of cyano substituents can significantly upgrade the thermal stability of the hosts. T g and T d of CN-2,6-CzPy improved by 53 °C and 83 °C than 2,6-CzPy. Nevertheless, the introduction of cyano substituents leads to CN-2,6-CzPy exhibiting deeper HOMO and generating a large hole injection barrier is not conducive to improve device performance. [Display omitted] • Carbazole or carbazole-3-carbonitrile/pyridine-based bipolar hosts. • For solution-processed sky-blue PhOLEDs and green TADF-OLEDs. • The green TADF-OLED based on 2,6-CzPy shows CE max of 10.6 cd A−1, EQE of 3.0%. • The blue PhOLEDs exhibited CE max of 27.4 cd A−1 and PE max of 11.1 lm W−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid detection of cell viability is of importance for various aspects of basic and applied research. However, the most commonly used MTT assay suffers from some disadvantages of time-consuming, poor solubility of formazan crystals, and interference of cell extracts, resulting in either delayed results or inconsistent cell viability. Accumulating evidences show that mitochondrial activity is closely associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis, making it valuable for real-time monitoring of cell fates. Herein, we present a novel type of cell-permeant mitochondrial dyes, composed of coumarin-quinoline conjugates (CQCs), for assessing cell viability through monitoring mitochondrial dynamic changes. CQCs exhibited superior preference for mitochondria, and could sensitively monitor their fissions under pathological conditions. Particularly, CQCs could accurately assess the cell viability within 10 min, allowing for rapidly evaluating therapeutic effects with high sensitivity and accuracy, in comparison of MTT assay. Therefore, CQCs provide a proof-of-concept assay that is appropriately practical either independently or in complementation with other assays for the analysis of cellular viability in broad range of biomedical applications. Image 1 • Coumarin-quinoline conjugates (CQCs) with inherent alkaloid-like and lipophilic properties have been developed. • CQCs possess outstanding biocompatibility and mitochondrial specificity. • CQCs can selectively monitor and quantify mitochondrial dynamics in living cells. • CQCs exhibit analogous sensitivity to the MTT assay in assessing cell viability with high sensitivity and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide among youth is a major public health challenge, attracting increasing attention. However, the neurobiological mechanisms and the pathophysiology underlying suicidal behavior in depressed youths are still unclear. The fMRI enables a better understanding of functional changes in the brains of young suicide attempters with depressive disorder through detecting spontaneous neural activity. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between abnormalities involving local brain function and suicidal attempts in depressed youths using resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI).Method: Thirty-five depressed youths aged between 15 and 29 years with a history of suicidal attempts (SU group), 18 patients without suicidal attempts (NSU group) and 47 gender-, age- and education-matched healthy controls (HC) underwent psychological assessment and R-fMRI. The differences in fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) among the three groups were compared. The clinical factors correlated with z-score ALFF in the regions displaying significant group differences were investigated. The ROC method was used to evaluate these clusters as markers to screen patients with suicidal behavior.Results: Compared with the NSU and HC groups, the SU group showed increased zALFF in the right superior temporal gyrus (r-STG), left middle temporal gyrus (L-MTG) and left middle occipital gyrus (L-MOG). Additionally, significantly decreased zALFF values in the L-SFG and L-MFG were found in the SU group compared with the NSU group, which were negatively correlated with BIS scores in the SU group. Further ROC analysis revealed that the mean zALFF values in these two regions (sensitivity=83.3% and specificity=71.4%) served as markers to differentiate the two patient subtypes.Conclusion: The SU group had abnormal spontaneous neural activity during the resting state, and decreased activity in L-SFG and L-MFG was associated with increased impulsivity in SU group. Our results suggested that abnormal neural activity in these brain regions may represent a potential neurobiological diathesis or predisposition to suicidal behavior in youth depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bottom-up approach combined with national and provincial statistical data was used to evaluate the potential environmental effects of electricity generation scenarios based on five mature biomasses in China. Coal-based electricity generation technology was used as control. Uncertainty analysis was conducted to confirm and add credibility to this study. The electricity generation capacities of municipal solid waste, sewage sludge, and corn straw account for approximately 0.86%, 0.085%, and 8.18%, respectively, of electricity generated in China in 2012. The estimated national environmental burden caused by biomass-based electricity generation was mainly observed in eastern China, which can be attributed to the relatively high population density and economic levels of this region. For each biomass-based scenario, the key factors that contribute to the overall environmental burden include direct emissions of nitrogen oxides, phosphorus, mercury, and particulate matter. In addition, carbon dioxide pollution generated from methane incineration, road transport, and electricity consumption play a dominant role in the overall environmental burden. The environmental benefits of biomass mainly vary depending on the technologies applied and their electricity generation efficiency. Compared with the corn straw scenario, coal-based electricity generation technology yields strong environmental benefits in most key categories with the exception of climate change and human toxicity. Accordingly, biomass is not unconditionally cleaner than fossil fuel. The utilization and popularization of biomass-based electricity generation technologies must be systematically and scientifically evaluated to avoid secondary pollution generation and pollutant transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene–polyaniline–MnO 2 (G–P–Mn) hybrids were synthesized via a facile approach that includes the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to graphene (G) by aniline and then followed by oil–water interfacial polymerization of aniline to polyaniline (PANI) using a binary oxidant of KMnO 4 and (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 . PANI was orderly nanofibered and MnO 2 -doped due to interfacial polymerization and the use of binary oxidant. The hybrids conclude electrical double layer capacitance of G and pseudo capacitance of PANI and MnO 2 , showing enhanced specific capacitance of 800.1 F g −1 at 0.4 A g −1 with good cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the extended exposure of tidal stream energy generation systems to seawater, which can lead to marine biofouling and subsequent reductions in turbine efficiency, this paper presents a deep learning-based method for the identification of pollutant adhesion. This method aims to rapidly assess the status of turbine pollutant adhesion in tidal energy generation systems. A dataset of adhesion images from tidal stream energy generation system under varying levels of pollution was obtained through underwater experiments with artificial fouling. Three different deep learning algorithms were employed to investigate the enhancement of underwater biofouling image quality. Image segmentation algorithms were used to extract and identify information related to the location and area of biofouling. The results demonstrate that the proposed deep learning-based pollutant adhesion identification method effectively recognizes the adhesion status on turbine blades, improving the accuracy of pollutant identification. This approach provides an efficient and accurate means of pollutant adhesion detection and management for the operation and maintenance of tidal stream energy generation systems, ultimately reducing operational costs. • A deep learning-based method for pollutant adhesion recognition is proposed. • The prototypes of the turbine component for the tidal energy generator device are designed, manufactured and tested under water. • Underwater images of the biofouling status of underwater tidal energy turbine devices are collected. • The recognition method can effectively improve the accuracy of identification of pollutant adhesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Size-controllable PtNPs decorated-PmPD was fabricated by a double-potential method. [•] The PtNPs/PmPD exhibits excellent catalytic ability toward methanol oxidation. [•] The electrocatalytic activity is attributed to the synergic effect of PtNPs and PmPD. [•] The as-prepared PtNPs/PmPD also exhibits good poisoning-tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The tidal stream turbine is the major device we use to obtain the kinetic energy of tides. The blades of the rotor are one of the essential parts which can convert tidal current energy into mechanical energy. Now most horizontal-axis turbine blade design theories are mostly based on the BEM (blade element momentum) theory and Glauert theory (e.g., WTperf, GHbladed). This paper comes up with a new method – Schmitz design. This method is easier, but they have the same physical philosophy. Also we change the chord length distribution to adapt the low stream velocity. This new hydrofoil increases the startup torque, improves the total performance of the turbine and decreases the thrust coefficient. At the same time we consider the incipient cavitations, tip loss and airfoil loss. We compare the design results with the experimental data in the literature. This method can satisfy the requirement of the design. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The adaptation to changes in flow direction is the premise to harness the bidirectional flow energy for a tidal stream turbine. Present studies usually aim at active variable-pitch or steering with dynamic sealing to carry out this task. In this paper, a 300 kW horizontal-axis tidal stream energy conversion system with an adaptive variable-pitch turbine and an outer-rotor type PMSG is developed. Based on the BEMT, the principle of the turbine with symmetrical airfoils and backward swept blades to follow the bidirectional flow is presented, and the hydrodynamic performances, such as pitching, starting, power and thrust, are discussed. The encapsulated windings and magnets of the PMSG can expose to the seawater, and the output characteristics are analyzed at different conditions in the factory. Both the turbine and generator are characterized by no dynamic sealing. The experiment results in the field show that the bidirectional flow energy can be extracted effectively, and the generator can work well to output electric power steadily. The hydrodynamic performances predicted by the modified BEMT meet the design requirements of the 300 kW prototype. The successful field trial of this novel device lays solid support for the utilization of the bidirectional tidal stream energy. [Display omitted] • A horizontal-axis TST with three adaptive variable-pitch blades is presented. • Hydrodynamic performance of the novel design is discussed based on modified BEMT. • An outer-rotor type PMSG with no dynamic sealing is proposed. • A 300 kW prototype has been testified to work well at a test site of Zhoushan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This was the first study on suicidal and self-harm ideation (SSI) in hospital staff during a public health crisis. • 744 (6.47%) hospital staff reported a suicidal and self-harm ideation. • The epidemic-related factors, the psychological status and need, and the perceived stress and support were associated with SSI in hospital staff. • The current SSI in the initial phase of a pandemic might lower than that in non-pandemic days. The COVID-19 pandemic put global medical systems under massive pressure for its uncertainty, severity, and persistence. For detecting the prevalence of suicidal and self-harm ideation (SSI) and its related risk factors among hospital staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, this cross-sectional study collected the sociodemographic data, epidemic-related information, the psychological status and need, and perceived stress and support from 11507 staff in 46 hospitals by an online survey from February 14 to March 2, 2020. The prevalence of SSI was 6.47%. Hospital staff with SSI had high family members or relatives infected number and the self-rated probability of infection. Additionally, they had more perceived stress, psychological need, and psychological impact. On the contrary, hospital staff without SSI reported high self-rated health, willingness to work in a COVID-19 ward, confidence in defeating COVID-19, and perceived support. Furthermore, they reported better marital or family relationship, longer sleep hours, and shorter work hours. The infection of family members or relatives, poor marital status, poor self-rated health, the current need for psychological intervention, perceived high stress, perceived low support, depression, and anxiety were independent factors to SSI. A systematic psychological intervention strategy during a public health crisis was needed for the hospital staff's mental well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicidal behavior is a major concern for patients who suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD), especially among adolescents and young adults. Machine learning models with the capability of suicide risk identification at an individual level could improve suicide prevention among high-risk patient population.Methods: A cross-sectional assessment was conducted on a sample of 66 adolescents/young adults diagnosed with MDD. The structural T1-weighted MRI scan of each subject was processed using the FreeSurfer software. The classification model was conducted using the Support Vector Machine - Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithm to distinguish suicide attempters and patients with suicidal ideation but without attempts.Results: The SVM model was able to correctly identify suicide attempters and patients with suicidal ideation but without attempts with a cross-validated prediction balanced accuracy of 78.59%, the sensitivity was 73.17% and the specificity was 84.0%. The positive predictive value of suicide attempt was 88.24%, and the negative predictive value was 65.63%. Right lateral orbitofrontal thickness, left caudal anterior cingulate thickness, left fusiform thickness, left temporal pole volume, right rostral anterior cingulate volume, left lateral orbitofrontal thickness, left posterior cingulate thickness, right pars orbitalis thickness, right posterior cingulate thickness, and left medial orbitofrontal thickness were the 10 top-ranked classifiers for suicide attempt.Conclusions: The findings indicated that structural MRI data can be useful for the classification of suicide risk. The algorithm developed in current study may lead to identify suicide attempt risk among MDD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tracking the flow direction is one of the effective ways to harvest more energy for a horizontal-axis tidal stream turbine (HATST). This paper presents a novel HATST design that incorporates a yaw method with a tail wing, inspired by horizontal-axis wind turbines. The design enables the HATST to adaptively yaw toward the bidirectional flow with a reciprocating rotation. To ensure stability, a small yaw angle was reserved and permanent magnets were employed to hold the yaw mechanism steady. The kinetic equations of the yaw mechanism were established, and the influence of the yaw shaft's position and the tail wing's mass on the yaw performance was analyzed. A test model was constructed to validate the design and analysis, and the optimum parameters were discussed. Experimental results demonstrated that the HATST yawed well toward the inflow and maintained the designed yaw angle of approximately 5° at different velocities. Compared with the device without magnetic-assisted yaw, the HATST achieves more than 4.47% increase in output power in the velocity range of 0.15 m/s to 0.31 m/s, and exhibits minimal swing amplitude. This research provides a novel and practical solution for the effective utilization of bidirectional tidal steam energy. [Display omitted] • A HATST with adaptive yaw is proposed to capture more energy. • A magnetic-assisted limit device is employed for stable yaw. • The kinetic equations of this novel yaw mechanism are established. • Narrow yaw shaft span is designed to relieve the yaw damp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound healing is a complex process involved in repairing tissue damage and preventing infection. However, there is a lack of appropriate treatment solutions that can simultaneously promote tissue repair and protect againstbacteria, especially antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, we have developed an injectable hydrogel encapsulating acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) and bacteriophage, termed as ABgel, for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria and enhancing wound regeneration. ABgel is composed of oxidized sodium alginate (OSA), gelatin and hyaluronic acid (HA), and can rapidly form hydrogel with an elastic modulus of 13 kPa, which mimics the skin tissues. In addition, ABgel can effectively load and stabilize bacteriophage and aFGF, allowing for preventing bacterial infections and improving regeneration of damaged dermal tissues. In vitro studies demonstrate that ABgel exhibits enormous antibacterial activity against antibiotic-resistant E. coli and enhanced angiogenetic activity. Importantly, ABgel can promote skin regeneration and prevent bacterial infections in mice, thereby promoting wound healing process. Therefore, ABgel represents a decent bioactive engineered hydrogel dressing with a broad application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The neural basis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) which is a clinical syndrome characterized by emotional and cognitive impairments is poorly understood. Accumulating evidence has suggested that the insula is an important substrate underlying the mechanism of MDD. This study aimed to examine the disrupted resting-state brain regional function in insula and to further investigate the associated resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) of insula underlie the MDD in adolescents and young adults.Methods: We employed 3.0T resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to acquire data from 76 adolescents and young adults with MDD and 44 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. We employed a regional Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation (ALFF) analysis to explore local intrinsic neural oscillation alterations in insula and an ALFF-based functional connectivity (FC) approach to detect the potential changes in remote connectivity with insula in adolescents and young adults with MDD.Results: By applying ALFF analysis, significantly decreased activities were detected in bilateral insula, and in particular in right anterior insular gyrus (MNI; ROI1: 42, 24, -3), right posterior insular gyrus (Montreal Neurological Institute, MNI; ROI2: 36, -9, 15) and left anterior insular gyrus (MNI; ROI3: -36, 12, 9) in patients with MDD compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.05, 1000 permutations, TFCE corrected). With ROI2 as the seed in the subsequent ALFF-based rs-FC analysis, patients with MDD were observed to have significantly reduced FC with bilateral middle occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus, calcarine, postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, supramarginal area, superior temporal gyrus and middle cingulate gyrus as compared to the healthy controls (p < 0.05, 1000 permutations, TFCE corrected). No significant differences of FC were detected between the patients and healthy controls when using ROI1 and ROI3 as the seeds. We found no correlations between ALFF or rs-FC values and the severity of depression as estimated by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D).Limitations: Clinical information were limited and no significant correlations were found between imaging variables and HAM-D scores, which reduces the power to interpret the present findings. A cross-sectional design was employed in this study so that it is not possible to know whether the abnormal ALFF or altered brain FC of insula reflects a state or trait effect in young people with MDD.Conclusions: This study highlights the regional/network interaction abnormalities of insula in adolescents and young adults with MDD, and could provide further insight into understanding the neural pathomechanism of MDD in young patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is really vital for the diesel engine to achieve a fast cold startup under low temperature environment especially in alpine region with the winter temperature in the range of –30 °C to 0 °C. The development of diesel engine cold start-up research is under the limits of the test equipments and the funds. In order to explore the cold start ability of diesel engine, the simulation and experiment were attributed to be combined on the basis of previous research methods in this work with a comprehensive consideration of low temperature, atmospheric pressure, preheating effect et al. The related low-temperature dependent maps (preheat time, running speed, torque and so on) were made by simulations for specific engine and then have been loaded down to the ECU (Electronic Control Unit) and the vehicle experiments were carried outdoor of Heihe site in China. The results indicate that the maps with preheat function simulated by using detailed engine parameters can achieve the requirements of the cold start under the low temperature range (–25.5 °C to –16 °C). Preheat time, start voltage and start duration are employed to investigate the cold start ability for the diesel engine, which provide a better reference for strengthening the cold start capacity research. The longest preheat time is 10 s longer than the shortest warm-up time which can increased the intake temperature directly. The cold start-voltage drops by 15% as the temperature drops by 9.5 °C which tends to decrease with the temperature reduce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Photo-thermal synergistic catalyst Co x FeAl-LDHs are constructed for H 2 production. • Co 6 FeAl-LDH has photo-thermal conversion capability. • The highest H 2 production rate of Co 6 FeAl-LDH reached 3.38 mol g−1 h−1. The production of hydrogen from sodium borohydride (NaBH 4) with a suitable catalyst is a promising route for the hydrogen industry. The exploration of the energy-saving catalysts with visible light response and photothermal effect is necessary for utilizing solar energy in hydrogen utilization from hydrolysis of NaBH 4. In this study, a series of photo-thermal catalysts of Co x FeAl layered double hydroxides (Co x FeAl-LDHs x = 4, 6, 8) with abundant oxygen vacancy (V o) are successfully synthesized for photo-thermal synergic catalytic H 2 generation from hydrolysis of NaBH 4. Co x FeAl-LDHs differ in bandgap, V o concentration, and photo-thermal performance, with Co 6 FeAl-LDH show the highest concentration of V o and most efficient photo-thermal performance under 400–700 nm irradiation. Co 6 FeAl-LDH can significantly lower the activation energy of the hydrolysis of NaBH 4 (E a = 35.46 kJ mol−1) and demonstrates excellent photo-thermal synergic performance with H 2 generation rate of 3.38 mol g−1 h−1 without additional heat source. The mechanism study shows that the h+, ∙OH, and V o in Co x FeAl-LDHs also play essential roles in the hydrolysis of NaBH 4. This work develops a hydrotalcite-based photo-thermal synergistic catalyst, which provides a new approach for the design of sodium borohydride hydrolysis catalysts for hydrogen production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photo-generated charge behaviors in the bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) of all-polymer solar cells (PSCs) are studied by Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Root-mean-square deviations (RMSDs, R q ) of the contact potential difference (CPD) images are applied to quantitatively characterize the phase segregations of the BHJs. When the BHJs are illuminated, CPD values and R q of CPD images are changed, which attributes to the photo-generated charge transfer and accumulation. Inner structures of the BHJ are thus extrapolated by studying the charge behaviors, demonstrating KPFM an effective technique to study the relationship between inner structures and photovoltaic activities in all-PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is really important for a closed oscillating heat pipe (COHP) system to achieve a higher heat dissipation capacity. In this work, a novel narrow-tube closed oscillating heat pipe model with two backward steps is proposed to enhance its heat transfer ability that is attributed to the oscillation cycle in a fixed direction. Volume of fluid (VOF) simulations and related experiments are performed to investigate the vapor, the temperature distribution and the thermal performance of the COHP. Compared with conventional heat pipe, the results indicate that the novel narrow-tube closed oscillating heat pipe has advantages in the vapor uniform, the heat transfer and the oscillation motion. Field Synergy Principle (FSP) is employed to investigate the reasons for the improvement of the heat transfer capability of the novel COHP, which provides a better guide for strengthening the heat dissipation capacity of the COHP system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using a series of polymers in the polymer/PbSe planar heterojunction hybrid solar cells (HSCs), we found that the open circuit voltage of HSCs showed a great improvement compared to that of PbSe Schottky junction solar cells, which might be attributed to the formation of interface dipole, resulting in decreased interfacial resistance, increased built-in electrical field, as well as reduced exciton recombination at interface. Meanwhile, polymers with higher PL quenching have more favorable hole transfer which lead to better device performance. In addition, the energy levels and surface energy of the polymers might largely affect their interaction with PbSe NCs, leading to different interfacial morphologies and influencing the charge transfer efficiency. Furthermore, the optimized HSCs showed a remarkable PCE of 5.31% which was the highest efficiency reported for polymer/PbSe based HSCs. We believe this HSC efficiency can be further improved by selecting polymers with rationally designed structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Multimeric AOX consisting of eight subunits was immobilized on electrospun fibers. [•] Branched PEI allows multipoint binding with AOX through glutaraldehyde activation. [•] Secondary and tertiary amino groups of PEI intensify interactions with AOX subunits. [•] Color strips were established on electrospun fibrous mats dyed with indigo Carmine. [•] Color fading ratio remained no significant change after repeat tests for 9 cycles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Herein, we reported the systematic investigation of synergistic photo-thermal-catalysis for NaBH 4 hydrolysis reaction based on zinc orthogermanate. A series of Zn 2 GeO 4 : x Fe3+ ( x = 0 to 0.10) catalysts were prepared via solvothermal method. The H 2 evolution experiments demonstrated that the photogenerated holes trap OH− not only shifted the equilibrium of NaBH 4 hydrolysis reaction toward the direction of H 2 evolution, but also inhibited the recombination of photogenerated carriers. With the remarkable photo-thermal synergism for the as-prepared catalysts, the H 2 evolution rate in photo-thermal-driven condition had witnessed several times higher than that in mono-energy driven condition. The catalysts remained stable after circulation tests. [Display omitted] • First study on conventional photocatalyst for H 2 evolution in NaBH 4 hydrolysis reaction • Photogenerated holes a crucial role in NaBH 4 hydrolysis reaction • The mechanism of synergistically photo-thermal-catalytic effect was proposed and verified by deuterium labeling method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological resilience is characterized as the ability to respond to extreme stress or trauma or adverse experience successfully. While the relation between public emergencies and psychological distress is well known, research on therelationship between psychological resilience and mental health is very limited during the outbreak of public health emergencies. This research investigated the relationship between psychological resilience and mental health (depression, anxiety, somatization symptoms) among the general population in China. Psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms of 1770 Chinese citizens were investigated during the epidemic peak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (23rd February 2020 to 2nd March 2020). The analyses were done through the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) scale. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatization symptoms was found to be 47.1%, 31.9%, 45.9%, respectively, among all participants. From them, 18.2% showed moderate to severe symptoms of depression, 8.8% showed moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety, and 16.6% showed moderate to severe symptoms of somatization. Psychological resilience was negatively correlated with depression (standardized β = −0.490, P < 0.001), anxiety (standardized β = −0.443, P < 0.001), and somatization symptom scores (standardized β = −0.358, P < 0.001), while controlling for confounding factors. Analysis of the three-factor resilience structure showed that strength and tenacity were correlated with depression (standardized β = −0.256, P < 0.001; standardized β = −0.217, P < 0.001), anxiety (standardized β = −0.268, P < 0.001; standardized β = −0.147, P < 0.001), and somatization symptoms (standardized β = −0.236, P < 0.001; standardized β = −0.126, P < 0.01). Our results suggest that there is a high prevalence of psychological distresses among the general population at the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, which is negatively correlated with resilience. Psychological resilience represents an essential target for psychological intervention in a public health emergency. • Investigated mental health and resilience in response to COVID-19. • The study took place at the peak of the COVID-19 epidemic in China. • In total, 18.2% had depression, 8.8% had anxiety, and 16.6% had somatic symptoms. • Resilience negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. • Resilience represents an essential target for psychological interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 76 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with and without suicide behavior history young adults (aged 18–24 years) were recruited. • There were significant differences in functional connectivity in the subregions of ACC-superior frontal gyrus, left insula and right caudate between the two groups. • The suicidal ideation score has been linked to ACC-frontal gyrus functional connectivity. • This experiment is the first, to our knowledge, focused on the ACC functional connectivity role of young adults suicidal-MDD. Functional alterations in the subregions of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) have been observed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Studies have shown that higher depressive symptoms are associated with altered functional connectivity (FC) in different ACC sub-regions. Suicide is highly prevalent in patients with MDD; however, it is unclear whether suicidal behavior is associated with the FC alterations in the subregions of the ACC in these indibiduals. Seventy-six patients with MDD (41 with and 35 without a history of suicidal behavior) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), the Scale for Suicide Ideation (SSI), and the Columbia Scale for Rating of Suicide Severity. We investigated the FC between the ACC subregions and other brain regions in young MDD patients with and without a history of suicidal behavior. The FC in the subregions of the ACC-superior frontal gyrus differed significantly between the two groups. Additionally, the anterior sgACC-right caudate FC and the pgACC-left insula FC were found to be abnormal in the suicidal MDD group. Interestingly, the suicidal ideation score positively correlated with decreased FC in the pgACC-superior frontal gyrus in both groups, but it negatively correlated with increased FC in the anterior sgACC-superior frontal gyrus in the non-suicidal MDD group. Our findings indicate that altered connections of subregions in the ACC may be involved in the neurological mechanisms underlying suicide in young adults with MDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Dissociable intrinsic connected networks and altered intra- and inter-network connectivity among DMN, CEN, SN were identified. • SU displayed reduced internetwork connectivity of aDMN-SN and aDMN-rFPN, but enhanced SN-rFPN connectivity. • Opposite patterns of functional network connectivity between DMN and SN with CEN in youth suicidal depressed patients. • The functional network connectivity between aDMN and R-FPN was negatively correlated with BHS scores. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in resting-state brain functional network connectivity (FNC) in young depressed patients with and without suicidal behavior, and the relationship between FNC and suicidal attempts in depressed youths using resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI). We conducted independent component analysis (ICA) to identify intrinsically connected neural networks and analyze the alterations of intra- and inter-network connectivity using FNC analysis in 35 depressed youth with suicidal attempts (SU group), 18 patients without suicidal attempts (NSU group) and 47 healthy controls (HC), and investigate brain-behavior associations between the FNC coefficients and clinical behavior in the SU group. SU group showed significantly decreased internetwork connectivity between anterior default mode network (aDMN) and salience network (SN), as well as the right frontal-parietal network (rFPN). However, the internetwork connectivity between the SN and rFPN in SU group was higher than that in NSU group. Moreover, decreased aDMN-rFPN connectivity was negatively correlated with BHS scores, and the differences in SN-rFPN and aDMN-pDMN connectivity were negatively associated with the HAMD score in the SU group. Our findings may provide new insights into the patterns of functional organization in the brain of suicidal depressed patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug resistance is a major hindrance in the anticancer treatment, which encourages the development of effective therapeutic strategies. For the first time, MDM2-mediated p53 degradation was identified as a critical factor for developing acquired resistance of doxorubicin (DOX) in HepG2 tumor spheroids, which could be effectively reversed by MDM2 inhibitor MI-773, thereby improving anticancer effects. Therefore, a pH-sensitive liposomal formulation of DOX and MI-773 (LipD/M@CMCS) were developed for recovering p53-mediated DOX resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. LipD/M@CMCS were composed of cationic liposomes covered with carboxymethyl chitosan (pI = 6.8), and were stable in the physiological condition (pH 7.4), but rapidly converted to cationic liposomes in tumor acidic microenvironment (pH 6.5), endowing them with tumor specificity and enhanced cellular uptake. We showed that LipD/M@CMCS could not only effectively induce cell apoptosis in HepG2 tumor spheroids, but significantly inhibit tumor growth with minimal adverse effects. In summary, selective regulation of MDM2 in cancer cells is a promising strategy to overcome DOX resistance, and may provide a perspective on the management of malignant tumors. Unlabelled Image • p53 degradation was identified as mechanism of acquired drug resistance in tumor spheroids. • pH-sensitive liposome (LipD/M@CMCS) triggering p53 activation were prepared to overcoming drug resistance. • LipD/M@CMCS showed charge conversion in tumor acidic microenvironment (pH 6.5). • LipD/M@CMCS exhibited higher tumor specificity, and promoted anti-tumor effects in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Targeted sequencing of SLC6A4 in adolescent and young adult MDD patients with SI. • Six SLC6A4 rare heterozygous variants were found in all MDD patients with SI. • Rare variants in SLC6A4 may contribute to adolescents and young adults suffering MDD with SI. Suicidal ideation (SI) is the most serious symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) and considered an extreme state. The serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) plays a significant role in MDD and suicide pathophysiology. Previous studies have revealed an association between common variants of SLC6A4 with the risk of MDD and suicide. However, very few studies have so far focused on the degree to which rare variants of SLC6A4 are responsible for the depression observed in adolescent and young adult suicide patients. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of common and rare variants of SLC6A4 on the risk of Han Chinese adolescents and young adults suffering MDD with SI. Targeted sequencing of the SLC6A4 gene was conducted using FastTarget technology in Han Chinese adolescents and young adults, of which 74 were MDD patients with SI and 150 were healthy controls. Gene-based association analyses of rare variants were performed using enrichment analysis and a cumulative allele test. An allele association study was performed against common variants. After sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, a total of 15 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were detected in the targeted regions from all participants, including 9 common and 6 rare variants. Among these, 5 rare variants were identified within the study group. Enrichment analysis of rare variants demonstrated a statistical difference (p = 0.042) between the study and control groups. Using cumulative allele analysis, alternative alleles in the SLC6A4 gene exhibited an association with MDD patients with SI (cumulative allele: OR = 10.18, 95% CI = 1.18–87.32, p = 0.017). No significant association was found between the 9 common SLC6A4 variants and MDD patients with SI. Our results suggest that rare variants of SLC6A4 may contribute to a genetic risk of adolescents and young adults suffering MDD with SI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]